• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.20-39
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• 2020

This paper considers a downlink multi-carrier cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission, where no direct link exists between the far user and the base station (BS), and the communication between them only relies on the assist of the near user. Firstly, the BS sends a superimposed signal of the far and the near user to the near user, and then the near user adopts simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to split the received superimposed signal into two portions for energy harvesting and information decoding respectively. Afterwards, the near user forwards the signal of the far user by utilizing the harvested energy. A minimum data is required to ensure the quality of service (QoS) of the far user. We jointly optimize power allocation, subcarrier allocation, time allocation, the power allocation (PA) coefficient and the power splitting (PS) ratio to maximize the number of data bits received at the near user under the energy causality constraint, the minimum data constraint and the transmission power constraint. The block-coordinate descent method and the Lagrange duality method are used to obtain a suboptimal solution of this optimization problem. In the final simulation results, the superiority of the proposed NOMA scheme is confirmed compared with the benchmark NOMA schemes and the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.87-90
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• 2007

In cooperative communication systems, the source terminal transmits signal to the destination terminal with the aid of partner terminals. Therefore, the source terminal obtains extra spatial diversity gain. As a result, its performance is enhanced in term of higher achievable transmission rate, the larger coverage range, and the lower bit-error-rate (BER). Space-time codes (STCs) have been applied to cooperative communication systems in distributed fashion, in which the signal is spatially time exploited to obtain gains analogous to those provided by STCs. In this work, we consider the application of orthogonal Space-time Block Codes (OSTBCs) to the cooperative communication systems to further achieve higher diversity gain. The advances of the proposed approach are verified via computer simulations.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.640-652
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• 2012

Many studies have investigated the smart grid architecture and communication models in the past few years. However, the communication model and architecture for a smart grid still remain unclear. Today's electric power distribution is very complex and maladapted because of the lack of efficient and cost-effective energy generation, distribution, and consumption management systems. A wireless smart grid communication system can play an important role in achieving these goals. In this paper, we describe a smart grid communication architecture in which we merge customers and distributors into a single domain. In the proposed architecture, all the home area networks, neighborhood area networks, and local electrical equipment form a local wireless mesh network (LWMN). Each device or meter can act as a source, router, or relay. The data generated in any node (device/meter) reaches the data collector via other nodes. The data collector transmits this data via the access point of a wide area network (WAN). Finally, data is transferred to the service provider or to the control center of the smart grid. We propose a wireless cooperative communication model for the LWMN.We deploy a limited number of smart relays to improve the performance of the network. A novel relay selection mechanism is also proposed to reduce the relay selection overhead. Simulation results show that our cooperative smart grid (coopSG) communication model improves the end-to-end packet delivery latency, throughput, and energy efficiency over both the Wang et al. and Niyato et al. models.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.266-276
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• 2011

In wireless networks, it is well-known that intermediate nodes can be used as cooperative relays to reduce the transmission energy required to reliably deliver a message to an intended destination. When the network is under a central authority, energy allocations and cooperative pairings can be assigned to optimize the overall energy efficiency of the network. In networks with autonomous selfish nodes, however, nodes may not be willing to expend energy to relay messages for others. This problem has been previously addressed through the development of extrinsic incentive mechanisms, e.g., virtual currency, or the insertion of altruistic nodes in the network to enforce cooperative behavior. This paper considers the problem of how selfish nodes can decide on an efficient energy allocation and endogenously form cooperative partnerships in wireless networks without extrinsic incentive mechanisms or altruistic nodes. Using tools from both cooperative and non-cooperative game theory, the three main contributions of this paper are (i) the development of Pareto-efficient cooperative energy allocations that can be agreed upon by selfish nodes, based on axiomatic bargaining techniques, (ii) the development of necessary and sufficient conditions under which "natural" cooperation is possible in systems with fading and non-fading channels without extrinsic incentive mechanisms or altruistic nodes, and (iii) the development of techniques to endogenously form cooperative partnerships without central control. Numerical results with orthogonal amplify-and-forward cooperation are also provided to quantify the energy efficiency of a wireless network with sources selfishly allocating transmission/relaying energy and endogenously forming cooperative partnerships with respect to a network with centrally optimized energy allocations and pairing assignments.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.463-471
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• 2011

Cooperative communications using relays in wireless networks have similar effects of multiple-input and multiple-output without the need of multiple antennas at each node. To implement cooperation into a system, efficient protocols are desired. In IEEE 802.11 families such as a/b/g, mobile stations can automatically adjust transmission rates according to channel conditions. However throughput performance degradation is observed by low-rate stations in multi-rate circumstances resulting in so-called performance anomaly. In this paper, we propose active relay-based cooperative medium access control (AR-CMAC) protocol, in which active relays desiring to transmit their own data for cooperation participate in relaying, and it is designed to increase throughput as a solution to performance anomaly. We have analyzed the performance of the simplified AR-CMAC using an embedded Markov chain model to demonstrate the gain of AR-CMAC and to verify it with our simulations. Simulations in an infrastructure network with an IEEE 802.11b/g access point show noticeable improvement than the legacy schemes.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권12호
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• pp.2262-2269
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• 2016

In IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs, when a source node with low data rate occupies the channel resource for a long time, network performance degrades. In order to improve performance, the cooperative communication has been proposed. In the previous cooperative communication protocols, relay nodes deliver data packets only for a source node. In this paper, we propose an additional transmission scheme in which relay nodes select an additional source node based on several information and deliver data packets for the original source node and the selected additional source node. The proposed scheme improves performance and provides fairness among source nodes. Performance of the proposed scheme is investigated by simulation. Our results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the previous protocol in terms of fairness index and throughput.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

차세대 무선통신 시스템에서 다중 경로 페이딩의 영향을 효율적으로 감소시키기 위한 방법으로 최근 협력통신 시스템이 각광을 받고 있다. 협력통신 시스템은 정보를 전송하기 위해서 다양한 페이딩 계수를 가지고 있는 협력 릴레이를 사용하기 때문에, 모든 릴레이를 협력통신에 참여 시키는 것은 자원의 낭비를 초래한다. 그러므로 무선자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해서는 최적의 릴레이를 선택적으로 사용할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 무선 협력통신 네트워크에서 발생하는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 Q-Learning 알고리즘을 이용한 협력 릴레이 선택 기법을 제안한다. Q-Learning에서는 자가 학습을 위해서 상태, 행동, 그리고 보상에 대한 파라미터를 정의한다. 이러한 파라미터가 잘 정의 될 때 Q-Learning을 이용하여 우수한 통신 성능을 얻을 수 있다. Q-Learning 알고리즘의 우수성을 보이기 위해서, 수학적인 분석을 통해서 최적의 협력 릴레이를 얻는 기법과 통신 성능을 비교하였다. 모의실험 결과, 제안된 기법에서 Q-Learning 알고리즘 내의 보상을 주는 방식에 따라, 비교 기법과 유사한 심벌오율 성능을 얻으면서 보다 더 적은 협력 릴레이를 선택하는 것을 보였다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제안된 기법은 다수의 릴레이를 사용하는 차세대 무선통신 시스템의 성능 향상을 위한 좋은 접근 방식의 하나로 판단된다.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

Power-line communication (PLC) has influenced smart grid development. In addition, PLC has also been instrumental in current research on internet-of-things (IoT). Due to the implementation of PLC in smart grid and IoT environments, strides have been made in PLC and its combination with the wireless system to form a hybrid communication system. Also, PLC has evolved from a single-input-single-output (SISO) configuration to multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) configuration system, and from a point-to-point communication system to cooperative communication systems. In this work, we extend a MIMO wireless two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communication system to a hybrid PLC and wireless (PLC/W) system configuration. We then maximize the weighted sum-rate for the hybrid PLC/W by optimizing the precoders at each node within the hybrid PLC/W system. The sum-rate problem was found to be non-convex, therefore, an iterative algorithm is used to find the optimal precoders that locally maximize the system sum-rate. For our simulation results, we compare our proposed hybrid PLC/W configuration to a PLC only and wireless only configuration at each node. Due to an improvement in system diversity, the hybrid PLC/W configuration outperformed the PLC only and wireless only system configurations in all simulation results presented in this paper.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 레일리 페이딩 채널의 멀티 홉 협력 전송 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜에서, 멀티 홉 협력 전송은 시스템 성능의 향상을 위해 사용되었다. 중계라는 특성으로 인해, 전송받는 노드와 다음의 노드뿐만 아니라, 목적지와 그 사이의 전송 받는 모든 노드들이 제한되어 있지 않다. 제안된 프로토콜은 선택된 릴레이나 몇몇의 중간 노드로부터 건너 뛰어 전송되는 멀티 홉 직접 전송 프로토콜에 비해 평균 전송 전력을 절약할 수 있다. 제안하는 기법은 모바일 ad-hoc 무선 네트워크에서 시행 및 평가되어진다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제13A권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터를 사용하여 무선 인터넷의 문제와 요구들을 캐싱(Caching), 압축(Distillation) 및 클러스터(Clustering)를 통하여 해결하려고 한다. 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터에서 고려되어야 하는 것은 시스템적인 확장성, 단순한 구조, 캐시간 협동성(Cooperative Caching), Hot Spot에 대한 처리 등이다. 본 연구자들은 기존 연구에서 시스템적인 확장성과 단순한 구조를 가지는 CD-A라는 구조를 제안하였으나 캐시간 협동성이 없다는 단점을 가진다. 이의 개선된 구조로 해쉬를 이용하여 사용자의 요청을 처리하는(캐시간 협동성을 가지는) 구조를 생각해 볼 수 있으나 이 역시 Hot Spot(과부하) 을 처리할 수 없다는 단점을 가진다. 이에 본 논문에서는 시스템적인 확장성, 단순한 구조, 캐시간 협동성, Hot Spot(과부하)을 처리할 수 있는 공유 캐시 디렉토리 기반의 무선 인터넷 프록시 서버 클러스터를 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 하나의 캐시 디렉토리를 공유하는 방법으로 기존 구조의 장점과 캐시간 협동성 및 Hot Spot(과부하)을 처리할 수 있다는 장점을 가진다. 16대의 컴퓨터를 사용하여 실험을 수행하였고 실험 결과 Hot Spot(과부하) 상황에서 제안된 방법이 높은 성능 향상을 가짐을 확인하였다.