• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

The small bowel is the most difficult intestinal segment to examine. Radiologic tests are mostly insensitive and double-balloon enteroscopy is unsuitable for the younger child. Capsule endoscopy is a novel wireless method of investigation of the small bowel. The primary indications for capsule endoscopy include evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, small bowel Crohn's disease, and polyposis syndromes. Capsule endoscopy offers an accurate and effective means of investigating the small bowel in children. Capsule retention is a potential complication of capsule endoscopy. This review provides the indications, safety, and limitations of wireless capsule endoscopy in children.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.338-344
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• 2021

The recently continuous enhancement and development in the biomedical side for the betterment of human life. The Wireless Body Area Networks is a significant tool for the current researcher to design and transfer data with greater data rates among the sensors and sensor nodes for biomedical applications. The core area for research in WBANs is power efficiency, battery-driven devices for health and medical, the Charging limitation is a major and serious problem for the WBANs.this research work is proposed to find out the optimal solution for battery-friendly technology. In this research we have addressed the solution to increasing the battery lifetime with variable data transmission rates from medical equipment as Wireless Endoscopy Capsules, this device will analyze a patient's inner body gastrointestinal tract by capturing images and visualization at the workstation. The second major issue is that the Wireless Endoscopy Capsule based systems are currently not used for clinical applications due to their low data rate as well as low resolution and limited battery lifetime, in case of these devices are more enhanced in these cases it will be the best solution for the medical applications. The main objective of this research is to power optimization by reducing the power consumption of the battery in the Wireless Endoscopy Capsule to make it battery-friendly. To overcome the problem we have proposed the algorithm for "Battery Friendly Algorithm" and we have compared the different frame rates of buffer sizes for Transmissions. The proposed Battery Friendly Algorithm is to send the images on average frame rate instead of transmitting the images on maximum or minimum frame rates. The proposed algorithm extends the battery lifetime in comparison with the previous baseline proposed algorithm as well as increased the battery lifetime of the capsule.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2018

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is considered as recent technology for the detection cancer cells in the human digestive system. WCE sends the captured information from inside the body to a sensor on the skin surface through a wireless medium. In WCE, the design of low-power consumption devices is a challenging topic. In the Shannon-Nyquist sampling theorem, the number of samples should be at least twice the highest transmission frequency to reconstruct precise signals. The number of samples is proportional to the power consumption in wireless communication. This paper proposes compressive sensing as a method to reduce power consumption in WCE, by means of a trade-off between samples and reconstruction accuracy. The proposed scheme is validated under channel constraints, expressed as the realistic human body path loss. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves a significant reduction in WCE power consumption and achieves a faster computation time with low signal error reconstruction.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2014

무선 캡슐 내시경 (WCE)은 세기 초에 개발 될 수 있는 가장 영향력 있는 바이오 의료 전자 기술 중 하나였다. 기존의 내시경 진단과 비교하여,이 응용 프로그램은 이에 훨씬 더 사용자 친화적인 방식으로 전체 위장관 (GI) 트랙을 검사하기 위한 새로운 대안을 가진 외과 의사를 제공하는 비 침습 및 저 위험이 특징이다. 그 이외에도 일반 하드웨어 업그레이드에서 WCE 연구의 국경은 기본적으로 캡슐의 소형화 및 활성화 운동에 있다. 운동은 일반적으로 자연적인 연동 운동의 함수이다 현재 상용화 WCE 제품의 본질적인 결점을 극복하기 위해, 활성 운동력 효과적으로 다른 장기에 장치를 탐색 대상으로 인간 내 치료 기능을 수행하기 위해 사용되는 전략의 시리즈로서 제안 조직과 연구의 측면에 대한 몇 가지 새로운 디자인의 리뷰는 이 문서에서 논의 될 것이다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.637-645
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• 2015

Common-mode noise (CMN) is an unresolved problem in wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) systems. In a WCE system, CMN originates from various electric currents found within the human body or external interference sources and causes critical demodulation performance degradation. The differential operation, a typical method for the removal of CMN rejection, can remove CMN by subtracting two signals simultaneously received by two reception sensors attached to a human body. However, when there is impedance mismatching between the two reception sensors, the differential operation method cannot completely remove CMN. Therefore, to overcome this problem, we propose an enhanced CMN rejection method. The proposed method performs not only subtraction but also addition between two received signals. Then a CMN ratio can be estimated by sufficient accumulation of division operation outcomes between the subtraction and addition outputs during the guard period. Finally, we can reject the residual CMN by combining the subtraction and addition outputs.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2022

The present study proposed a new interface system for capsule endoscopy by using head mounted display (HMD) device, which can control the orientation of the capsule endoscope with electromagnetic actuator (EMA) system. The orientation information of the HMD user was detected by the gyroscope sensor built into the device and then calculated to as an angle increment using Unity Engine compiler. The measured angle changes from the HMD were converted to the current values of the corresponding coils to be changed in the EMA system. Two experiments were designed to measure the accuracy and the intuitiveness of the HMD interface system. In the angle accuracy measurement, the capsule endoscope driven by HMD interface system showed the averaged errors of 0.68 degrees horizontally and 1.001 degrees vertically for given test angles. In the intuitiveness measurement, HMD interface system showed 1.33 times faster manipulation speed rather than the joystick interface system. In this respect, the HMD interface system for capsule endoscopy was expected to improve the overall diagnostic environment while maintaining comfort of patients and clinicians.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2014

무선 캡슐 내시경은 소장 질환을 진단하는 등의 어려움을 해결하는 진화 의료 기기로서 중요한 역할을 했다. 그것은 제한된 크기와 기능 때문에 몇 가지 단점이 있다. 가장 큰 장애물은 자기 운동 장애에서 속도 문제를 제공할 수 없다는 점이다. 따라서, 인간의 소화 시스템의 특성을 간단히 내시경 역학의 정보를 얻기 위해, 특히 소장을 소개한다. 조건 추출을 확인하기 위해서 LuGre 모델이라는 새로운 동적 마찰 모델을 도입하고 명확하게 특성 및 모델의 사용을 얻기 위하여 분석한다. 캡슐 내시경의 실제 상황과 관련된 매개 변수의 고려하여 매트랩 시뮬링크는 모델을 작성하는 데 적용하고 기능을 발견 할 수있는 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.494-496
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• 2002

A bi-directional and multi-channel wireless telemetry capsule, 11mm in diameter, is presented that can transmit video images from inside the human body and receive a control signal from an external control unit. The proposed telemetry capsule includes transmitting and receiving antennas, a demodulator, decoder, four LEDs, and CMOS image sensor, along with their driving circuits. The receiver demodulates the received signal radiated from the external control unit. Next, the decoder receives the stream of control signals and interprets five of the binary digits as an address code. Thereafter, the remaining signal is interpreted as four bits of binary data. Consequently, the proposed telemetry module can demodulate external signals so as to control the behavior of the camera and four LEDs during the transmission of video images. The proposed telemetry capsule can simultaneously transmit a video signal and receive a control signal determining the behavior of the capsule itself. As a result, the total power consumption of the telemetry capsule can be reduced by turning off the camera power during dead time and separately controlling the LEDs for proper illumination of the intestine.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.790-796
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 캡슐 내시경의 무선통신이 이루어지기 위한 환경 연구와 더불어 그에 적합한 수신 안테나를 설계하였다. 제안된 안테나는 인체와 같은 multi-loss layer환경에서 전파 손실을 최소화 하고 magnetic field를 이용하기 위해 루프 안테나로 설계했다. 주파수 대역은 인체 내 전파 손실을 고려하여 $400\~500$ MHz이고 FCC 규정에 따라 인체 각각의 조직에 대한 유전율과 도전율을 추출했다. 이를 하나의 등가 모델로 설정하고 그에 따른 유전율과 도전율을 계산해서 인체를 대신할 수 있는 수용액을 제조하였다. 전파 손실이 심한 인체 내에서 캡슐이 이동함에 따라 수신 레벨이 급격히 감소하기 때문에 배열 안테나가 요구된다. 1 mW의 신호를 송신하는 송신 안테나 위치에 상관없이 배열 안테나의 신호 레벨은 평균 -60 dBm 정도로 충분한 신호 검출이 가능한 것을 확인했다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1849-1855
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• 2003

Newly commercialized wireless capsule endoscope has many advantages compared to conventional push-type endoscopes. However, it is moved by the peristaltic waves. Therefore, it can not diagnose desired zones actively. In this paper, a locomotive mechanism for wireless capsule endoscope is proposed to increase the efficiency of endoscopy. We designed and fabricated a prototype using SMA springs and bio-mimetic clamping device. The hollow space in the prototype is allocated for further system integration of a camera module, a RF module and a battery. And the sequential control scheme is employed to improve the efficiency of its locomotion. To validate the performance of the locomotive mechanism, experiments on a silicone rubber pad and in vitro tests are carried out. The results of the experiments indicate that proposed mechanism is effective in harsh environments such as digestive organs of a human.