• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.173-175
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2011

One of the most important habitats of Waterbirds in the west coast of Korea is Saemangeum and its mudflat, located within the estuary of the Dongji and Mankyung River. This study was conducted to clarify the community characteristics of wintering waterbirds in Saemangeum from November 2008 to February 2009. Waterbirds and Raptor are 69 species and 409,044 individuals by the sum of peak counts were recorded. We classified the wintering waterbirds into 14 groups of taxa based on the similar ecological attributes. The dominant species were Baikal Teal Anas formosa, Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons, Greater Scaup Aythya marila. Greater White-fronted Goose was significantly positive correlated with survey period. Baikal Teal, Greater White-fronted Goose, Bean Goose, Greater Scaup, Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna were increased when compared with last report but Mallard, Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, Dunlin Calidris alpina were no difference.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2006

As a Biodiversity Management Plan in S. Korea, barley fields are being prepared for the wintering migratory birds. However, the effectiveness of barley fields as a feeding habitat has not been evaluated. In 2003/04 wintering period, we installed exclosures in the barley fields to evaluate the waterfowl grazing effectiveness. Approximately 8,000 waterfowls used the Dongup Reservoir System and utilized the barley fields during the daytime. The white-fronted goose Anser albifrons occupied more than 90% of the all barley-feeding waterfowls. Waterfowls significantly impacted to the shoot density and biomass of barley. In the closed plot, barley shoot density gradually increased to $267{\pm}27/m^2$ in January, 2004. Shoot density in open plots (site 1) declined sharply from.15 December ($189{\pm}18/m^2$) to 5 January 2004 ($25{\pm}11/m^2$). However, barley shoot density in open plots (site 2) was stable in January 2004 because of human disturbances. The changes in barley biomass and shoot density showed similar trend in both open and closed plot. From the exclosure experiment, it was clear that barley fields were important feeding habitat for wintering waterfowls in this area. Further, human disturbances such as noise from traffic and other human activities (farming and hiking) had significant impact on waterfowls' grazing activity. Collectively, winter barley fields were effective for waterfowl feeding, but the location of barley fields should be carefully selected for the maximum utilization of the barley feeding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 1994

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the potentiality of continuous utili~ation (first cutting in the late fall and regrowth yield in next spring) of forage rape seeded in fall. Fresh yield and the content of nitrogenous compound in leaves and roots were measured during a growth period. Fresh yield accumulation was very low between the late fall(470kg/10a) and the early regrowth period( 1.070kg /IOa). Total nitrogen content in leaves until the wintering period was decreased from 4.71% to 3.70%. while that in roots slightly increased during this period. The highest content(4.84%) in roots was observed in the early regrowth period, and then rapidly decreased as growth advanced. Protein-N was the largest pool of nitrogenous compound in leaves and roots through entire growth period, Its content in leaves decreased until the wintering period (Feb. 4), and then increased until the bolting stage(Apr. 10). Protein-N in roots highly accumulated from the late fall(11.1mg/gDM) to the early regrowth period(l6.9mg/gDM), and then decreased until the early tlowering stage. The content of amino acid-N in leaves showed a little change with a range from 5.7 to 8.5mgIgDM during entire growth period, while that in roots rapidly decreased from early regrowth period. The content of $NO_3$-N decreased from 7.0 to 4.3mglgDM in leaves, while increased from 0.9 to 2.3mg/gDM in roots from the late fall to the wintering period. 7he content of $NH_4$-N was lower and less varillble than other nitrogen compound during entire growth period. The results clearly showed that protein-N was the main storage form and highly accumulated in roots of overwintering forage rape.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 1991

Nakdong estuary provides the largest wintering grounds for migrating waterfowls in Korea, and was designated Natural Monument No. 179 in 1966. Nakdong barrage and related construction-projects finished in 1987 to increase freshwater-supply to nearby Pusan metropolitan area and to reclaim the vast intertidal areas for land development. Changes on distribution, primary productivity, and standing crop of Schoenopluctus triqueter, the dominant species in this intertidal flats, were investigated after the construciton, during the 1988-1990, and were compared to those before the construction. Total standing crop. tuber biomass and net primary productivity of S. triqueter increased in 1988 and 1989, but decreased slightly in 1990. Increase of tuber biomass means an increase in available food, thus the carrying capacity, for swans wintering in this area. Habitat environment of this estuary should be protected and managed as a wintering ground for migrating waterfowls, inspite of the construction of the barrage.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Three evergreen ground-cover species were tested and evaluated for cold acclimation with different lights in central Korea to enrich the varieties of ground cover plants for over-wintering. Nandina domestica which recently started to be planted in central Korea had high chlorophyll unit with shade condition in both locations, Banpo and Gwacheon during winter. Light condition had no influence on chlorophyll unit in Banpo after April, meanwhile full sun condition decreased chlorophyll unit significantly in Gwacheon, which is exposed to cold wind from north. Ophiopogon japonicas had more than double chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to that in full light condition in both investigation areas in February. In addition, higher value of L and b in shade condition had been maintained than in full sun condition throughout investigation period. However, leaves in Gwacheon were de-colorized in full sun condition after over-wintering. Pachysandra terminalis had more higher chlorophyll unit in shade condition compared to in full sun condition in both investigation areas in February. But light conditions had not effect the difference of chlorophyll unit of Gwacheon in April. Therefore, The present results suggest that evergreen ground covers with shade condition would be used as landscape materials in the capital area.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

Six evergreen ground-cover species including Ajuga reptans, Carex morrowii 'Variegata', Dianthus 'Night Star', Hedera helix 'Ivalace', Pachysandra terminalis, and Sedum rupestre, were tested for cold acclimation with three different light treatments (0, 30, and 70% of shading, respectively) to select potential candidates for over-wintering in central Korea. Among those species, Ajuga reptans, Carex morrowii 'Variegata', and Sedum rupestre performed well, which had more than 50% of survival rate in all light conditions. However, Dianthus 'Night Star' had less than 40% under any light treatment and the other two species, Hedera helix 'Ivalace' and Pachysandra terminalis, survived more than 40% only with 70% of shading condition. These results imply that those candidate species having less cold hardness in central Korea could have the potential to could over-winter as long as a proper light condition is provided.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2000

The effect of heat covering materials during cultivation of Shigyoku grape was examined on the effect of protection from freezing damage, labor reduction, and disease resistance during the wintering. This experimentwas accomplished using different combination of heat covering materials from the end of Nov as follows: straw and heat conservation cover B, kilding, color fabric A, and white needle punching fabric. Capacity of heat conservation was the least form white needle punching fabric, and the differences of other materials was slight. Early sprouting occurred by the treatment with heat conservation cover B, and the rate of sprouting was about 70.7% after 9 days of sprouting, showing 2.3-12.5% increase. Growth effect was not differ between heat conservation materials. Disease and insects occurred by the in dice 3.0-3.2 of crown gall from the heat conservation cover B treatment. Other damages were not observed or very little from other treatments. Demand of labor during steps of these treatments was more observed by 6% for kilding than heat conservation cover B, and those of color fabric A and white needle punching fabric were reduced by 6 and 15%, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2022

Gaining an understanding of bird communities in different habitat types is essential for the conservation of ecologically important habitats. Wetlands possess different types of habitats and provide an important environment for wintering waterbird communities. This study compares avian communities in five different habitat types in the Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary (MWWS), Myanmar. From December 2014 to the first week of February in 2015, bird and habitat data were collected from representative areas of five habitat types (i.e., short grassland, tall grassland, lotus fields, open water areas, and rice fields) at MWWS. We established nine sampling plots in each habitat type, and used the point quadrat method to survey habitats and the point count method to survey birds in the habitats. Simple one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests were used to determine differences between bird communities. We made 95 detections during 19 daily visits to each of the five habitat types. During the survey period, we recorded a total of 10,389 individuals belonging to 52 different bird species, based on 7-min observations at each of the 45 point count stations. Furthermore, we detected significant differences by habitat structure (i.e., vegetation coverage, height, and density; water depth; and plant species diversity) as well as bird communities (i.e., species richness, abundance, and diversity indices). In addition, the detailed analysis of 52 avian species revealed significant differences among 45 species with respect to the mean numbers of observed individuals in the survey habitats. The findings of this study revealed significant differences in the structure and composition of waterbird communities among the five assessed habitat types. Because natural marshes provide preferable habitats for a larger number and greater diversity of birds, relative to rice fields, natural marshes should be prioritized for conservation and restoration in Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2007

For autumn cutting of Sedum sarmentosum, the influences of bedsoil and cutting date were investigated. Among six kinds of bedsoils mixed upland soil, carbonized rice and sand, the mixture with upland soil and sand (1:1 and 2:1, v/v) showed excellent root and shoot growth. The mixtures with upland soil and carbonized rice were lower rooting than the mixture with upland soil and sand. In field condition, autumn cutting was conducted with $10{\times}5cm$ space using the mixture with upland soil and sand (2:1, v/v) at intervals of 10 days from September 1 to October 10. Both root and shoot growth were significantly decreased by delayed date. In cutting from early to middle September, root and shoot growth, and number of rosette before wintering were desirable for shoot production next spring. The safety date to autumn cutting before wintering was on September 20 in field condition. If autumn cutting is late than September 20, the number of scion has increased 25-30% to secure a full rosette before wintering. The results could provide the beneficial information for cutting propagation of S. sarmentosum under field condition in autumn.