• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.46-57
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• 1992

This study was carried out to compare physiological characteristics of winter green cultivar (Buxus microphylla van. koreana 'Hanlim') with those of native cultuvar and clucidate the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai). The results are summarized as followed; The 'Hanlim' cultivar had higher contents of chlorophyll as compared with native cultivar from September, 1989 to March, 1990. However, at April, 1990, native cultivar had higher chlorophyll contents. In the rate of photosynthesis, 'Hanlim' cultivar was higher than native cultivar from September to December, 1989, but showed the opposite trend from March to April, 1990. As to the period of browning, 'Hanlim'cultivar had stayed green even after November 22, 1989, while the foliage of native cultivar turned yellowish brown color through the winter. The contents of nitrogen and potassium of 'Hanlim' cultivar werehigher than those of the native cultivar. However native cultivar had higher rate of phosphorus, magnessium, and calcium. In the effect of environmental factors such as light intensity, time of shading, and nutrients etc. on leaf color in Korean boxwood(Buxus microphylla var. koreana Nakai), chlorophyll contents were increased with shading and leaves grown 70% shading had twice as much as those of full sunlight, fertilized plot. Nutrient fertilization increased chlorophyll contents and values of color in boxwood too. In the shading times, early shading time maintained effectively green color of boxwood in winter. Therefore, in case of native cultivars, it has planted at full sunlight area until now and color of leaves turned yellowish brown color through the witner. However, it will maintain green color of leaves by planting at shade area. In addition to, as 'Hanlim' cultivar had benefits of maintain green color of leaves during winter, it will be planted at full sunlight area to landscape plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.97.2-98
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• 2003

The main objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of glucosinolates (3-butenyl isothiocyanate, total glucosinolates) in different parts of young seedling and seeds on Korean Chinese cabbages 55 days and Winter pride cultivars. For determination of glucosinolates, two cultivars of Chinese cabbages seeds and different parts of 1-day-old, 3-day-old, 5-day-old, and 7-day-old seedlings were used for analytical sample preparation provided with an anion exchanges column, and measured by GC and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. 3-Butenyl ITC concentration was the highest in the cotyledon and the hypocotyl parts of 55 days cultivar seedling. In the cotyledon part of Winter pride cultivar seedling, 3-butenyl ITC amount was increase to 3-day-old seedling and then reduced. The cotyledon of 55 days cultivar contained the highest concentration of total glucosinolates while those were increased in the hypocotyl and decreased by degrees in the root. Total glucosinolates amounts were increased to 5-day-old seedling and then decreased in the cotyledon and the hypocotyl parts of seedling on Winter pride cultivar. There was no significant difference in the root part. In the seeds, both of 3-butenyl ITC and total glucosinolates, 55 days cultivar concentration was higher than Winter pride cultivar. The study has shown the variability in 3-butenyl ITC and total glucosinolates concentrations among cultivars, growth stages, and parts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

Changes of heading response and leaf production of winter cereals according to cultivar and sowing date in spring, were investigated in Suwon Korea during three years from 2007 to 2009 to obtain information on use as spring living mulch of winter cereals for weed suppression without herbicide in environment-friendly crop production. Rye showed variation among cultivar in heading response according to sowing date, which means that cultivar selection for living mulch is important in rye. Cultivar Prima and Wintergreen had not headed in sowing during March with low soil temperature in contrast to cultivar Koolgrazer and Gokwoo which had headed somewhat even until sowing in early May with relative high soil temperature. Barley and wheat showed distinct characteristics in heading response between sowing before and after early April compared to rye. Leaf production for soil covering was higher in barley than wheat, and cultivar Mirak than Ol within barley in 2007, respectively. Leaf production were not different much among rye cultivar in sowing during early or mid April, but it was different in sowing after mid April indicating that winter cereal cultivar with high leaf production could be selected in late sowing. It is thought that rye cultivar Duru was the most proper cultivar for spring living mulch in the point of high leaf production in addition to low heading in sowing after March.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2010

'Jopung' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2009. It was derived from an original cross between the $F_1$ hybrid of 'Early80' and 'PA202-210-S' and 'Walken' in 1999. Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon and Yeoncheon, respectively. A line, 'SO99006-B-YB-29-Y1', was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics and designated as a line name of 'Gwiri65'. The line 'Gwiri65' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in four different locations, Yesan, Iksan, Kimjae, and Jeju, from 2007 to 2009 and finally named as 'Jopung'. Over 3 years, the average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Jopung' harvested at milk-ripe stage was $17.3MT\;ha^{-1}$, compared with $13.6MT\;ha^{-1}$ of check cultivar 'Swan'. The silage quality of 'Jopung' was superior to the check cultivar 'Swan' in crude protein content, and was similar to the check cultivar in percent total digestible nutrients (TDN). Cultivar 'Jopung' is suitable primarily for winter planting in the southern regions of Korean peninsula.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity inintroduced vetch cultivar at the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute from 1999 to 2000. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The vetch cultivar used in this study were 8 cultivar(Haymaker plus, Common, Capello, Namoi, Victa, Aneto, Popany, Korean milk vetch). Namoi, Victa and Aneto cultivar were died during winter. The cultivar having the fastest flowering date was Korean milk vetch while the flowering date of Common was the latest as 22th May. The average dry matter(DM) content was 14.7% and crude protein(CP) content was 20.9%. Common showed the highest CP content by 23.1% and Korean milk vetch showed the lowest content by 18.0%. Average acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content were 33.5 and 42.5% respectively. All cultivar showed the first grade of RFV(relative feed value). The productivity of vetch cultivar were severely different according to the winter hardness. Common showed the highest DM yield by 8,664kg/ha, but the DM yield of Capello and Popany were low by 3,004 and 2,114kg/ha, respectively. The yield of CP and TDN(total digestible nutrient) also was high at Common. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of vetch cultivar was effected greatly depending on winter hardness, therefore it was thought winter hardness is the main factor for introducing vetch cultivar.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.365-369
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• 2003

The main objective of this study was to investigate the pattern of glucosinolates, in terms of 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, and total glucosinolates, in different parts of young seedlings and seeds in Korean Chinese cabbages. For determination of glucosinolates, 55 days and Winter pride cultivars of Korean Chinese cabbages seeds and different parts of 1, 3, 5, and 7-day-old seedlings were used for analytical sample preparation provided with an anion exchanges column, and measured by GC and UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The concentration of 3-butenyl ITC was higher in the cotyledon and the hypocotyl parts of 55 days cultivar seedling than those of Winter Pride cultivar. In the cotyledon parts of Winter pride cultivar seedling, 3-butenyl ITC amount was increase to 3-day-old seedling and then reduced. The cotyledon of 55 days cultivar contained the highest concentration of total glucosinolates while those were increased in the hypocotyl and decreased in the root. The level of total glucosinolates was increased to 5-day-old seedling and then decreased in the cotyledon and the hypocotyl parts of seedling in Winter pride cultivar. There was no significant difference of total glucosinolates in the root part. In the seeds, 55 days cultivar concentration was higher than Winter pride cultivar both of 3-butenyl ITC and total glucosinolates. In our study, the levels of 3-butenyl ITC and total glucosinolates depended on cultivars, growth stages, and parts in Korean Chinese cabbage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2012

'Joseong', a winter forage triticale cultivar (X Triticosecale Wittmack), was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2010. The cultivar 'Joseong' was selected from the cross FAHAD_5/RHINO1R.1D 5+10 5D'5B'//FAHAD_5 by CIMMYT (Mexico) in 1992. Subsequent generations were handled in pedigree selection program at Mexico from 1993 to 1998, and a line 'CTSS92Y-A-4Y-0M-5Y-0B' was selected for earliness and good agronomic characteristics. After preliminary and advance yield test in Korea for 2 years, the line designated as a line name of 'Iksan26'. The 'Iksan26' was subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield in 7 different locations such as Jeju, Iksan, Cheongwon, Yesan, Naju, Daegu, and Jinju from 2008 to 2010 and finally named as 'Joseong'. The cultivar 'Joseong' has characteristics of dark green leaf, yellow culm and spike, and large grain of yellowish brown color. The heading date of cultivar 'Joseong' was April 24, which was 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. It showed better tolerance or resistance to lodging, wet injury, powdery mildew, and leaf rust than those of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The average forage dry matter yield of cultivar 'Joseong' at milk-ripe stage was 14.5 MT $ha^{-1}$, which was lower than 16.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung'. The silage quality of 'Joseong' (5.3%) was lower to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (6.0%) in crude protein content, while was 2.1% superior to the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (61.9%) in TDN (total digestible nutrients). It showed 5.1 MT $ha^{-1}$ of grain yield, which was 40% higher than that of the check cultivar 'Shinyoung' (3.65 MT $ha^{-1}$). This cultivar is recommended for fall sowing crop in the area where daily minimum mean temperatures are averaged higher than $-10^{\circ}C$ in January, and as a winter crop using whole crop forage before planting rice in around Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 1998

Freezing-resistant plants can survive subzero temperatures by withstanding extracellular ice formation. During cold acclimation, their leaves accumulate antifreeze proteins (AFPs) that are secreted into the apoplast and have the ability to modify the normal growth of ice crystals. Three barley, two wheat and two rye cultivars were grown under two different temperature regimes (20/16$^{\circ}C$ and 5/2$^{\circ}C$, day/night). Apoplastic proteins from winter cereals were separated by SDS-PAGE and detected with antisera to AFPs from winter rye. Apoplastic proteins accumulated to much higher levels in cold-acclimated (CA) leaves compared with nonacclimated (NA) ones in winter cereals. After cold acclimation, the protein concentration of apoplastic extracts increased significantly from 0.088 $mgmL^{-1}$ to 0.448 $mgmL^{-1}$, with about 5-fold increment. Also, the apoplastic protein content per gram leaf fresh weight in CA leaves ranged from 31 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ to 120 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$ with an averaged value of 77 $\mu\textrm{g}$ $(gFW)^{-1}$, and coefficients of variation of 54.9%. The CA leaves in Musketeer (a Canadian winter rye cultivar) showed the greatest AFPs and antifreeze activity followed by 'Geurumil' (a Korean winter wheat cultivar), and 'Dongbori l' (Korean facultative barley cultivar). The proteins secreted into the wheat leaf apoplast at CA condition were more numerous than those observed in winter rye, where two $\beta$-1,3-glucanase-like proteins (GLPs), two chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) and two thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) accumulated during cold acclimation. The proteins in barley leaf apoplast at CA conditions were a little different from those in wheat leaves. The AFPs were various among and within species. More freezing-resistant cultivars had more clear and numerous bands than less freezing-resistant ones. The high determination coefficient ($R^2$ =91 %) between freezing resistance and AFPs per gram leaf fresh weight indicated that the amount of AFPs was highly related to freezing resistance in winter cereal crops.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2014

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a molecular marker technique based on DNA and is extremely useful in detection of high polymorphism between closely related genotypes like Korean wheat cultivars. Six sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs) have been developed from inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis which enabled the identification and differentiation of 13 Korean wheat cultivars from the other cultivars. We used six combinations of primer sets in our AFLP analysis for developing additional cultivar-specific markers in Korean wheat. Fifty-eight of the AFLP bands were isolated from EA-ACG/MA-CAC, EA-AGC/MA-CTG and EA-AGG/MA-CTA primer combinations. Of which 40 bands were selected to design SCAR primer pairs for Korean wheat cultivar identification. Three of 58 amplified primer pairs, KWSM006, KWSM007 and JkSP, enabled wheat cultivar identification. Consequently, 23 of 32 Korean wheat cultivars were classified by eight SCAR marker sets.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1999

This study were comparison the quality characteristics of winter Chinese cabbage and investigation the physicochemical properties during Kimchi fermentation. External characteristics of three cultivars winter Chinese cabbage were compared, total weight of "Manpung" cultivar showed the heaviest in Chinese cabbages, but edible portion weight of "Seolwang" cultivar showed the heaviest in Chinese cabbages. Kimchi made of winter Chinese cabbage were fermented at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 40 days, of which pH, acidity, free sugar and organic acid were measured. The hardness of "Manpung" cultivar continued highly during the Kimchi fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$. The pH and total acid in Kimchi fermentation, of the "Manpung" cultivar changed more than those of others. At the initial stage of Kimchi fermentation the major organic acid was citric acid, but lactic acid and acetic acid were increased rapidly during fermentation of Kimchi. The major organic acid of Kimchi fermented for 30 days was lactic acid, and the lactic acid contents of Kimchi prepared with "Manpung" cultivar was 6,796.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/g account for 69.6% of total organic acid.