• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1998

1996년 작물시험장 전작포장에서 헤어리베치의 피복 및 질소시비가 옥수수의 생육 및 질소 흡수량 에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 봄 초 고사시키기 전 헤어리베치의 피복은 표 토충(O~7.5cm)과 충위 7.5~22cm에서 토양의 무기태 질소 함량을 감소시켰으나 옥수수 6엽기(추비시기)의 토양에서 무기태 질소 함량을 중가시켰다. 질소 비료 무시용시 헤어리베치의 피복은 출사시까지의 옥수수 생육, 건물중 그리고 출사기 질소 흡수량이 무피복에 비해 감소되었지만 출사기 이후 건물중이 회복되어 수확시에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 질소 비료 135kgFN/ha 시용시 헤어리베치의 피복은 옥수 수 출사기를 다소 늦추고 건물중을 무피복보다 감소 시켰으나 수확기에는 차이가 없었다. 질소비료 무시 용시 헤어리베치의 피복은 옥수수 전질소 흡수량을 중가시켰는데 이는 주로 출사기 이후의 질소 흡수량의 중가에 기언하였다. 헤어리베치의 피복에 관계없 이 질소비료 135kgFN/ha의 시용은 질소 무시용시 보다 옥수수 생육파 수량을 중가시 키고 수확시 질소 흡수량도 증가시켰는데 특히 무피복구에서 출사기까지의 질소 흡수량을 많이 중가시켰다. 시비한 질소비료는 주로 출사기 전에 주로 흡수되었고 헤어리 베치에서 무기화된 질소는 출사기 이후에 많이 흡수되었으므로 헤어리베치를 이용한 옥수수 재배에서는 옥수수의 초기생장 및 질소 흡수량을 중진시키기 위해서 헤어리베치에 의해 무기화 될 질소를 제외한 나머지 질소량은 옥수수 파종전 기비로 전량 시용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 보였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.101-101
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• 2022

In recent years, due to climate change, the livestock industry has become more interested in the production of forage crops. In Korea, more than 74% of forage crops are cultivated in winter rice fields. In particular, Italian ryegrass (IRG) is depends on imports for more than 70% of its seeds. In generally, the IRG rapeseed cultivation method involves sowing from early October to mid-October by drill sowing seeding or spot seedling. However, the sowing period is delayed due to frequent rainfall during. And, same period require a lot of seeds. However, raising seedlings and transplanted IRG will overcome weather conditions and reduce the amount of seeds. This study was intended to be applied to the domestic IRG seed industry in the future through growth and quantity evaluation according to transplant time and planting density for the production of good quality IRG seeds in rice paddy fields. In this study, transplanting time (October 20, October 30, November 10) and planting density (50, 70, and 80) were cultivated at the National Institute of Crop Science in 2021. The amount of fertilizer applied was adjusted to (N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 4.5-12-12 (kg/10a), and then 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen was added each year. For the growth survey, leaf area, canopy coverage, plant length, and seed yield were investigated. Along with the transplanting time, the plant length was higher on October 20 than on October 30 and November 10. On the other hand, leaf area index changes differed depending on the transplanting time and planting density, and were particularly high on October 20, 80 density and 70 density, but similar on October 30 and November 10. 1000 seed weight showed no difference with transplanting time and planting density. On the other hand, the seed yield was 215(kg/10a) for 80 density on October 20, 211(kg/10a) for 70 density, 118(kg/10a) for 50 density, and 80 density for October 30 and November 10. and 70 density did not differ. On the other hand, the 50 density on October 30 and November 10 were 164(kg/10a) and 147(kg/10a) respectively. As can be seen from this study, the earlier the transplant, the higher the seed yield. However, the 50 density was reduced in yield compared to the 70 density and 80 density.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.102-102
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• 2022

More than 74% of forage crops in Korea are cultivated in winter rice fields. Italian ryegrass (IRG) can be said to be a representative forage crop, but over 70% of its seeds are dependent on imports. In addition, there are concerns that the stable supply of research fees may be disrupted due to the effects of climate change, war, and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to secure a large production area for stable supply. Korea's reclaimed land area is 135,000 ha and its agricultural area is 112,000 ha. Therefore, this study attempted to apply IRG to the domestic IRG seed industry through stable cultivation techniques on reclaimed land. In this study, IRG 'Kowiearly' varsity was cultivated in late October 2020 and early October 2021 in the Saemangeum reclaimed land. The seeding methods were conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology spot seedling (30 × 18 cm) and new technology drill sowing seeding. The amount of sowing was conventional drill sowing seeding 2.0(kg/10a), new technology spot seedling 1.5(kg/10a), and new technology drill sowing seeding 1.5(kg/10a). Fertilizer application amount is conventional drill sowing seeding(N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 9.0-12-12(kg/10a), and new technology spot seedling and drill sowing seeding were(N-P₂O₅-K₂O) 4.5-12-12(kg/10a) respectively. Fertilizer was applied accordingly. After that, in February, the conventional drill sowing seeding, new technology drill sowing seeding and spot seedling applied 4.0 and 2.2(kg/10a) of nitrogen supplement fertilizer, respectively. Before wintering, plant length was higher in 2022 than in 2021, but leaf number was higher in 2021. Heading time was April 30, 2021 and April 25, 2022. In heading time, plant length was 74 cm in 2021 and 67 cm in 2022, lower than in 2021. On the other hand, There was no difference in the number of panicle and the number of seeds in the 2021 harvester in all treatment plots, and, thus seed yield was no differ. However, the drill sowing seeding and spot seedling of the new technology were somewhat higher than the conventional drill sowing seeding. On the other hand, seed yield was decreased in all treatment plots compared to 2022 because of raifall deficiency in 2021.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.400-403
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• 2011

고구마 수확단계에서 작업체계에 따른 생력효과를 조사하고자 순치기와 1열식과 2열식 수확기를 이용하여 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같았다. 1. 고구마 수확단계 작업체계는 순치기+비닐제거+2열식 기계수확 +인력굴취가 ha당 106.4시간, 순치기+비닐제거+1열식 기계수확 +인력굴취가 ha당 111.3시간 및 순치기와 비닐제거 작업을 생략하고 1열식 기계수확+인력굴취가 당 107.6시간으로 관행(인력 333.2시간/ha) 대비 각각 68.1%, 66.6% 및 66.8%의 생력효과가 있었다. 2. 고구마 손상개수율은 인력수확이 8.6%인데 비해 기계 2열식이 4.4%, 기계1열식이 5.3%로 약 43.9%가 적게 발생되었으며, 품종에 손상개수율은 연미 6.2%, 신천미5.1%, 하얀미 4.7%, 건미 3.4% 순으로 차이가 있었다. 3. 수확단계 비용절감효과는 ha당 고구마 손상개수율을 포함한 수확단계의 비용이 관행(인력) 2,963천원에 비해 고구마 순치기와 수확기의 이용에 의해 62.9~81.2%인 1,865~2,406천원 절감되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1123-1132
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• 2015

Winter wheat is a suitable crop to be ensiled for animal feed and China has the largest planting area of this crop in the world. During the ensiling process, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play the most important role in the fermentation. We investigated the natural population of LAB in whole-crop wheat (WCW) and examined the quality of whole-crop wheat silage (WCWS) with and without LAB inoculants. Two Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strains, Zhengzhou University 1 (ZZU 1) selected from corn and forage and grass 1 (FG 1) from a commercial inoculant, were used as additives. The silages inoculated with LAB strains (ZZU 1 and FG 1) were better preserved than the control, with lower pH values (3.5 and 3.6, respectively) (p<0.05) and higher contents of lactic acid (37.5 and 34.0 g/kg of fresh matter (FM), respectively) (p<0.05) than the control. Sixty LAB strains were isolated from fresh material and WCWS without any LAB inoculation. These LAB strains were divided into the following four genera and six species based on their phenotypic, biochemical and phylogenetic characteristics: Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum. However, the prevalent LAB, which was predominantly heterofermentative (66.7%), consisted of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Weissella cibaria, and Lactobacillus buchneri. This study revealed that most of isolated LAB strains from control WCWS were heterofermentative and could not grow well at low pH condition; the selective inoculants of Lactobacillus strains, especially ZZU 1, could improve WCWS quality significantly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

Fodder supply condition was studied at 41 nomadic families in Gobi, Southern Semi-Desert area in Mongolia, from Dec. 1994 to Apr. 1995 to determine problems in cold, feed deficient season for establishment of sustainable livestock production system. The conditions of two family groups: those located in sparse vegetation (FG1), and those in comparably dense (FG2), were also compared. Commercial concentrate feed (concentrate), hay and Zoodoi were prepared for supplementation. Zoodoi was hand-made feed made mainly of Allium mongolicum and Allium polyrrhizum. Allium mongolicum tended to be used at FG1 frequently, and Allium polyrrhizum at FG2 depend on differences of micro vegetation. 44%, 90% and 39% of families prepared 165.6 kg of concentrate, 301.6 kg of hay and 6.8 kg of Zoodoi per sheep and goat (small livestock) on the average, respectively. The ratio of families that used concentrate at FG1 was smaller than those at FG2, though there were no significant differences on the amount. More hay was fed at FG1 than at FG2, and Zoodoi tended to be fed more in the FG1 group. Recipients were mostly restricted to young, female and sick small livestock that use the feeds effectively. More families gave concentrate and hay to the young than to the females and sick. They also gave more Zoodoi to young and sick animals than to females in this area. In the FG1 group, no differences were found between recipients on the concentrate supply. More families supplied hay to young animals than to sick ones, and Zoodoi was fed more to sick animals than to young and females. On the other hand, those in the FG2 found, more families fed fodders to young than to female and sick regardless of the kinds of feeds. The amount of fodder supplementation in the studied area was restricted, but accurate techniques of nomads to adapt the situation were clarified.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2016

Italian Ryegrass (IRG), which is known as high yielding and the highest quality winter annual forage crop, is grown in mid-south area in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the monitoring IRG growth. Unmanned aerial vehicle imagery obtained from middle March to late May in Nonsan, Chungcheongnam-do. Unmanned aerial vehicle imagery corrected geometrically and atmospherically to calculate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We analyzed the relationships between $NDVI_{UAV}$ of IRG and biophysical measurements such as plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight over an entire IRG growth period. The similar trend between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and growth parameters was shown. Correlation analysis between $NDVI_{UAV}$ and IRG growth parameters revealed that $NDVI_{UAV}$ was highly correlated with fresh weight (r=0.988), plant height (r=0.925), and dry weight (r=0.853). According to the relationship among growth parameters and $NDVI_{UAV}$, the temporal variation of $NDVI_{UAV}$ was significant to interpret IRG growth. Four different regression models, such as (1) Linear regression function, (2) Linear regression through the origin, (3) Power function, and (4) Logistic function were developed to evaluate the relationship between temporal $NDVI_{UAV}$ and measured IRG growth parameters. The power function provided higher accurate results to predict growth parameters than linear or logistic functions using coefficient of determination. The spatial distribution map of IRG growth was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when $NDVI_{UAV}$ was applied to power function. From these results, $NDVI_{UAV}$ can be used as a new tool for monitoring IRG growth.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2019

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of different sowing dates on growth characteristics, seed productivity and feed value of triticale in Gyeongbuk province. The experiment was conducted from September 2015 to July 2017, using triticale "Joseong" cultivar of 150 kg of seed/ha and sown at 10 days intervals from different sowing dates ($30^{th}$ September, $10^{th}$, $20^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ October) in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The emergence date in the autumn season was 8 - 18 days after sowing in 2015 and 2016. The heading, flowering and maturing periods were the fastest on $30^{th}$ September compared to the other sowing dates. The average number of stem and panicle per unit area were 409.3 - 428.5 and 330.9 - 334.0 on $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October, which were higher than those sown on $20^{th}$ and $30^{th}$ October, 2015 and 2016, respectively (p < 0.05), and the average number of grain and kernel weight was 47.1 - 48.1 and 2.2 - 2.3 g on $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October, which were higher than the late sowing dates. In case of seed yield as affected by different sowing dates, the highest yield was found on the sowing plot of late September and $10^{th}$ October, which were 5,680 and 5,918 kg/ha, respectively (p < 0.05). However, the average CP content was 10.7%, CF content was 2.8% and TDN content was 85.3. In conclusion, $30^{th}$ September and $10^{th}$ October were the appropriate sowing dates for a forage self-sufficiency system in Gyeongbuk.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2007

본 시험은 중부지역 답리작에서 파종시기를 달리하여 이탈리안 라이그라스(Italian ryegrass, IRG, Lolium multiflorum), 총체보리(barley, Hordeum vulgare), 호밀(rye, Secale cereale)을 재배할 경우 생육특성, 수량 및 사료가치에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 2004년부터 2005년까지 2년간 축산과학원(수원) 포장에서 시험을 실시하였다. 생육특성 및 숙기는 조기 파종(9월 26일)구에서 관행 파종(10월 11일)구보다 각 초종 공히 초장도 길고 $1m^2$당 유효경수도 많았다. 특히 호밀과 보리보다는 이탈리안 라이그라스의 경우 차이가 더 많아 조기파종 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 수확시기는 호밀과 코그린은 각각 개화기와 수전기로 적기였으나 보리는 호숙기, 화산 101호는 출수 시로 다소 조기에 수확되었으며 관행 파종 시는 이탈리안 라이그라스의 경우 더욱 늦어졌다. 따라서 이탈리안 라이그라스도 조생종인 코그린의 경우는 중부지역 벼 이앙에 지장이 없는 5월 20일 경 수확 적기에 도달할 수 있어서 앞으로 중부지방에서 답리작 재배의 가능성을 밝게 하고 있다. 수량은 조기파종(9월 26일) 구가 관행 파종(10월 11일)구보다 각 초종 공히 대폭 증수 되었으며 초종 간에는 호밀을 기준으로 하였을 때 총체보리는 18% 감소, 이탈리안 라이그라스는 $42{\sim}47%$가 감소되어 호밀이 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 각 초종 공히 조기 파종 시에 증수되었으며 특히 숙기가 늦은 이탈리안 라이그라스와 보리에서 조기 파종의 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 사료가치는 조기 파종보다 관행 파종 시에 우수하였고 초종 간에는 생육시기가 늦은 화산 101호 > 코그린 > 보리 > 호밀 순이었다. 이와 같은 결과는 중부지역 벼 이앙시기인 5월 20일 경에 전 초종을 수확하게 되므로 숙기가 늦은 초종이 질적으로는 우수하였다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to discuss the ways to consistently feed high quality corn silage(CS). This study evaluated the effect of the corn silage, after a certain time has elapsed, on the chemical composition and fermentation characteristics after feedout during the winter feeding period of the CS. Six samples of CS from four dairy farms(E1, E2, E3, and L1 ) were taken in order to feed the milking cows over a winter feeding Period from November of 2002 until February of the following year, 2003(six samples were taken at the fellowing dates in the following order: sample one was taken on the 23rd Nov. 2002, sample two on the 5th of Dec. 2002, 3rd sample on the 23rd of Dec. 2002, 4th sample on the 7th of Jan. 2003, 5th sample on the 22nd of Jan. 2003, and the 6th sampling was carried out on the 6th of Feb. 2003) at the three sampling sites after the opening of the trench silos at intervals of 15 days. In the dry matter contents of CS, there wasn't any specific tendency according to the elapsed time in the range of 21.3~$27.3\%$ at all low dairy farm(E1, E2, E3, and L1). And the average dry matter contents were 24.1, 25.9, 23.6, and $20.4\%$. Considering the Proper amount of the dry matter of CS during the ripen yellow stage, the appropriate moisture content was $33\%$ (NRC, 1989), and these dry matter contents were all low. A consistent tendency was not found in the contents of CS. The average of CP contents were 10.2, 8.0, 8.5, and $9.8\%$ at the E1, E2, E3, and L1 farms, and there were significant differences. The TDN contents of CS were not different among forms according to the time elapsed. The pH, according to the time elapsed after opening of the CS, there were no differences at each of E1, E2, E3, md L1 farms. Average pH were 3.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 4.1, md all of them were in normal range. In the lactic acid contents of CS, a consistent tendency was not found among four farms. But according to the time elapsed. there was a goat difference from 1.13~$7.8\%$ The acetate, propionate, and butyrate contents of CS were very low. In this study, there was no significant difference in the CS's chemical composition and fermentation characteristics according to the elapsed time at all four dairy farms. Considering the proper dry matter contents of CS during the ripen yellow stage, the appropriate dry matter content was $33\%$, and dry matter contents of few farms were all low. To enhance the quality of corn silage should be ensiled com at proper dry matter content range from 28 to $35\%$ Therefore, content of the corn plant should be always be closely monitored prior to beginning harvest.