• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.10
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• pp.91-97
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• 1971

Fifteen samples of barley seed proteins representing winter 6-rowed, spring 6-rowed and spring 2-rowed group were separated by disc electrophoresis. Photographic, densitometric and diagrammatic representation were presented to make comparison possible. Eighteen to twenty one bands were detected in each gel. Electrophoretic spectrum of each variety was highly variety specific showing that the spectrum is the reflection of hereditary constituents of a organism. Related variety showed identical or nearly identical pectrum. All winter 6-rowed barley showed very faint B2 band, while spring 6-rowed and spring 2-rowed barley showed dense or less dense B2 band. All spring barley showed B3 band, while all winter barley showed B4 band.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2012

This study was conducted to observe the fermentative quality and anthocyanin content in whole crop colored barley silage during storage periods and anthocyanin stability in in vitro ruminal fluid. Silages of colored barley cultivar "Boanchalbori" and normal barley cultivar "Yuyeonbori" were stored during 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. The in vitro ruminal fluid was fermented for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hrs. For the feed value, crude protein of colored barley silage was slightly increased in the silage compared to that of normal barley silage, and being increased up to 2 months after ensiling and thereafter maintained at the similar level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of both the barley significantly increased by prolonged storage of 2 months (p<0.05), but they were maintained at the constant level after 2 months of storing silage. Whereas TDN (total digestible nutrients) contents of them were decreased by the prolonged storage of 2 months (p<0.05), then maintained at the constant levels. The fermentative quality and pH values in both the barley silages were slightly decreased during the storage time. Lactic acid and acetic acid contents were increased during prolonged storage period, but not significantly different among treatments. Butyric acid was not detected. In the colored barley silage, pH value showed slightly lower compared to that of the normal barley silage but not significant, and lactic acid content was significantly higher than the normal barley silage (p<0.05). The total anthocyanin content in the whole crop colored barley silage decreased to 42% after 2 months of ensilage, however maintained at the constant level until 12 months of ensilage. In the case of anthocyanin stability on in vitro ruminal fluid digestion, the pH value of the ruminal fluid was slightly lower at 6, 12, 24, 48h incubation time and the content of anthocyanin was at similar levels. These results indicated that the colored barley showed higher fermentation quality, and total anthocyanin content was maintained stable at 42% level of the first value in storing silage. As the anthocyanin had higher stability in the ruminal fluid, the colored barley has a potential as functional feeds for Ruminants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2009

Viral infections and root growth were examined to elucidate the relationship between viral resistance and root growth in 26 Korean hulless barley cultivars. Viral resistance was estimated in experimental filed of Honam agricultural research institute for 3 years. Length and number of seminal and adventitious roots were examined for evaluation of root growth in both field and green-house conditions 30 days after seeding. Dominant viral infection occurred in Korean hulless barley by Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) in fields; however, susceptible cultivars were infected by either BaYMV, Barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) or both. Only four cultivars, including Donghanchalssalbori, Kwangwhalssalbori, Namhossalbori and Naehanssalbori, presented stable resistance to viral infections. Susceptible cultivars to viral infection in fields showed shorter seminal root length and fewer adventitious root number than resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars showed better root growth and significant difference in adventitious root length in green house conditions. Increase in the number of seminal roots in resistant cultivars was derived from decreased damage of roots by the viral infection compared to the susceptible cultivars.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.385-390
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• 2000

Overwintering plants should survive the various biotic and abiotic stresses that occur during winter. Previous studies indicated that active oxygen species are involved in freezing, dehydration, anoxia and pathogen infections. As the importance of the events that occur in the intercellular compartment became apparent in disease resistance, we examined the nature of intercellular antioxidant enzymes in order to access their possible involvement in the winter hardiness of barley. The levels of intercellular peroxidase, catalase, and SOD activities on the unit protein basis were 394, 18, and 9% of those of cellular activities, respectively. Major intercellular peroxidase isoforms consisted of four neutrals and four basic forms; whereas major cellular isoforms were two basic forms. Out of the two major catalase isoforms a higher molecular weight form was predominantly abundant in both cellular and intercellular compartments. Among the five major cellular SOD isoforms, three were also present in the intercellular compartment. The presence of substantial amounts of intercellular antioxidant enzymes in overwintering barley leaves may suggest the involvement of these enzymes in the tolerance mechanism to the various stresses that occur during winter.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2013

In this study, a yogurt containing skim milk powder and whole barley flour was fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and its quality and properties were estimated. The yogurts with 1% and 3% barley flour had lower pH values, higher titratable acidity, and higher Brix values than the control. In addition, the viable cell counts were lower and viscosity was higher. The value of L was low, and the values of a and b were high. The yogurt with 3% barley flour had more lactic acid than the control and showed a substantial increase in the amount of acetic acid. ${\beta}$-Glucan content and antioxidant activity increased with the amount of barley flour added. In sensory evaluation, there was a similar preference for the yogurt with 3% barley flour and the control, and as the barley flour content increased, the preference decreased. Moreover, the preference for the yogurt was higher among old people.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.215-218
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• 2012

We have carried out the experiment to investigate optimal drainage time of barley seeding synchronized with rice harvesting in paddy field. Number of emerged barley seedling on moist paddy field was less than that of common paddy field. It is very hard to plow using combine owing to long time to work on wet condition compared to drying condition of paddy field. According to the drainage time, growth and yield of barley were not significantly different. However, late drainage time decreased the spikes per $m^2$. Rice yield and 1,000 husked rice grain weight were not significant depending on drainage times at 15 days, 20 days and 25 days before barley seeding. The range of 1,000 husked rice grain weight was 21.7~22.2 g on different drainage conditions. In results, on considering of soil hardness and time of labor, the optimal contents of soil moisture was about 33%. This study reveals that drainage time at 20 days before barley seeding is proper to increase seedlings and yield.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1999

New winter wheat winter barley hybrids were produced (Mv9 kr1 Igri, Mv9 kr1 Osnova, Asakazekomugi Manas). The wheat-barley hybrids showed entire male sterility and were multiplied in tissue culture. Chromosome configurations were studied with GISH in meiosis in the Mv9 krl x Igri hybrid and in its progenies multiplied in vitro. Chromosome pairing between wheat and barley has been observed in some cells in the hybrids multiplied in vitro. Backcross plants with 43 and 44 chromosomes were selected with the aim of developing new wheat-barley addition lines. Wheat-barley translocations were demonstrated with GISH in backcross progenies originating from in vitro regenerated wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) x barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) hybrids. Five different translocations were observed. Sequential N-banding and GISH analyses were performed to further identify the translocations. The N-banding pattern of the Robertsonian translocation suggests that this chromosome consists of the short arm of barley chromosome 4H translocated to the long arm of 2B of wheat. Plants with four different homozygous translocations were selected from the following BC2F3 generation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Cultivation of winter cover crops is strongly recommended to increase land utilization efficiency, animal feeding material self-production, and to improve soil and environmental quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four major winter crops (barley, Chinese milk vetch, hairy vetch, and rye) having different C/N ratio were seeded in silt loam paddy soil in the November 2007 and the aboveground biomass was harvested on the late May 2008 to evaluate its effectiveness as green manure, and root biomass distribution was characterized at the different depth (0-60 cm) to study its effect on physical properties and carbon sequestration in soil. During this experiment, the naturally growing weed in the rice paddy soil in Korea, short awn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol), was considered as control treatment. Above-ground biomass of all cover crops selected was significantly higher than that of the control treatment (2.8 Mg/ha). Comparatively higher above-ground biomass productivity of rye and barley (15.8 and 13.5 Mg/ha, respectively) suggested that these cover crops possibly had the highest potential as a green manure and animal feeding material. Root biomass production of different cover crops followed the same trend as that for their above ground biomass. Rye (Secale cereal) might have the highest potential for soil C accumulation (7893 C kg/ha) by root biomass development, and then followed by barley (6985 C kg/ha), hairy vetch (6467 C kg/ha), Chinese milk vetch (6671 C kg/ha), and control (5791 C kg/ha). CONCLUSION(s): Cover crops like rye and barley having high biomass productivity might be the most effective winter cover crops to increase organic carbon distribution in different soil aggregates which might be beneficial to improve soil structure, aeration etc. and C sequestration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1990.05a
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• pp.82-83
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• 1990

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.30-31
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• 1990