• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.583-590
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the life cycle cost of window glass with insulation film and regular glass, to verify an economical window construction method. As an approach method, the thermal performance data of each type of glass was measured using Window 6.3 and ECO2-OD Simulation Program, applied it to the case building to calculate the air conditioning and heating maintenance costs and LCC, and compared the economic feasibility. As a result, installing an additional insulation film prevents the solar heat penetration in the summer, so it reduces the cooling cost, on the other hand, it increased heating cost in winter. From the life cycle cost perspective, the effect of cooling cost reduction does not counterbalance the increase in heating cost and the additional cost from film installation and repair; therefore, the installation of insulation film may not be a proper method.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 1998

The use of computer supported fire safety engineering calculations has grown significantly in recent years and will be increased rapidly. In this study, in order to examine for fire dynamics of the enclosed compartment with window glass(3mm, 4mm thickness) when the window glass breaks, we conducted numerical computer simulations about foam sofa fire with the zone type computer mode, FASTLite package(version 1.1.2) and the Berkeley algorithm for breaking window glass in a compartment fire, BREAK1 program (version 1.0). The analysis of the results in this paper shows that there are differences of fire dynamics between open-or enclosed-state compartment fire and the enclosed compartment fire with window glass breaking. It is also shown in this study that backdraft phenomenum occurs due to accumulated unburned combustible fuel when the glass of 4mm thickness breaks, and that temperature differences between the inner-and outer-surfaces of 3mm and 4mm thick glasses are appreciable. This study will help fire fighter to establish fire suppression or occupant's refuge strategies and fire safety engineer to enhance simulation techniques about the five dynamics of compartment fire.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

Speech intelligibility of the eavesdropping sound is investigated on a acoustic cavity - glass window coupled system. Using MLS (Maximum Length Sequency) signal as a sound source, acceleration and velocity responses of the glass window are measured by accelerometer and laser doppler vibrometer. MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) is used to identify tile speech transmission characteristics of the cavity and window system. STI (Speech Transmission Index) based upon MTF is calculated and speech intelligibility of the vibration sound of the glass window is estimated. Speech intelligibilities by the acceleration signal and the velocity signal are compared. Finally, intelligibility of the conversation sound is confirmed by the subjective test.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.82-95
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• 1992

It has been known that the application of an airflow window system reduces the energy consumption compared with conventional double pane window in a building. But how to analyze thermal load in a building with an airflow window system has not been well known. so two kinds of method (Mode 1 and Mode 2) to analyze time dependent thermal load of the building with an airflow window system are presented in this study. The results of load analysis about the model building(total area : $4521m^2$, 3 floors) by Mode 2 show that the maximum cooling and heating load in a building with an airflow window system are decreased about 12-17% and about 19.5% than with double pane glass window, and yearly energy consumption with an airflow window system is saved about about 20% than with double pane glass window.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.888-894
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• 2007

The speech sound is detected by the vibration measurement of the window glass. In this study, we investigate the effect of the disturbing waves by background noise and window shaker excitation on the speech intelligibility of the detected sound. Based upon Modulation Transfer Function(MTF), speech intelligibility of the sound is objectively estimated by Speech Transmission Index(STI) As the level of the disturbing wave varies, variation of the speech intelligibility is examined. Experimental result reveals how STI is influenced by the level and frequency characteristics of the disturbing wave. By using a customized window shaker for disturbing sound, we evaluate the efficiency and the frequency characteristics of the anti-eavesdropping system. The purpose of the study is to provide useful information to prevent the eavesdropping through the window glass.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

The apartment will be much more convenient than the other one in the application of green technologies, providing the merits by mass production. For example, pre-manufactured building materials can be effectively adapted to the formation of buildings. Recently, the form of double-enveloped window system has been developed for the purposed of minimizing energy loss occurred around windows. On the other hand, the expansion of balcony area was legalized and thus, a visual buffer area does not exist any more. All-glass window wall on apartment houses without a balcony produces pretty harmful area with direct sunbeam. A various types of glass can be applied to the window system and it plays a critical role in the determination of inner visual environment. For the purpose of verifying the potential of its daylighting, a mock-up model has been constructed and tested. The refurbished version of conventional window shows its illuminated characteristics. Clear and Low-e glass have been adapted for window area and daylighting ratio has been compared in both test cells.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.853-856
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• 2008

Windows have an great effect on annual building load because windows are the weakest parts of building envelope thermally. To reduce the consumption of building energy, the thermal performance of window has to be improved in first place. Therefore this research aims to make a quantitative analysis of the heating and cooling load according to the window thermal performance using the heat load simulation program. As a result of the simulation, annual heat load is down 38% according to the decrease of U-value of window, 1.00 W/$m^2K$. and annual heat load is up 10% according to the decrease of shading coefficient, 0.20. The annual load of the window with Low-E glass is 15% lower than the window with pair glass.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2015

Soda-lime silicate (SLS) glass was strengthened by ion exchange for application of thin and lightweight bulletproof windows. The optimal conditions for ion exchanged SLS glass (thickness of 3 and 10 mm) at $480^{\circ}C$ were 10 and 17 min, respectively. The Vickers hardness values of the strengthened SLS glass samples with thicknesses of 3 and 10 mm were $5.9{\pm}0.22$ and $6.7{\pm}0.17GPa$, respectively, which values were about 22% higher than those of parent SLS glass. By laminating a multilayer defense film and polycarbonate sheet with ion exchanged SLS glass, we were able to make a thin and lightweight bulletproof window (24.25 mm, 4.57 kg, $50.06kg/m^2$, $V_{50}$ 901.8 m/s). As a result, the thickness of the bulletproof window was decreased by about 39% from 40 to 24.25 mm. The light transmittance in the visible range satisfied the standard (over 76%) for bulletproof windows.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1749-1755
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• 2010

The performance of power window system was decided by driving characteristics of the window regulator part and reaction by the glass run. The performance of power window system usually has been predicted by experimental methods. In this paper, an analytical method using the explicit code was suggested to overcome the limit of the experimental methods. The friction coefficient of glass run was obtained by the friction test at various conditions and the Mooney-Rivlin model was used. Also, a mechanism of window regulator consisted of the fast belt system and the slip ring elements. And, we conducted the analysis considering characteristic of a motor and obtained the lifting speed of automotive glass with high reliability

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.167-181
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• 2023

The determination of the blast protection level and the corresponding minimum load-bearing capacity for a laminated glass (LG) window is of crucial importance for safety and security design purposes. In this paper, the focus is given to the window response under near-field blast loading, i.e., where relatively small explosives would be activated close to the target, representative of attack scenarios using small commercial drones. In general, the assessment of the load-bearing capacity of a window is based on complex and expensive experiments, which can be conducted for a small number of configurations. On the other hand, nowadays, validated numerical simulations tools based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) are available to partially substitute the physical tests for the assessment of the performance of various LG systems, especially for the far-field blast loading. However, very little literature is available on the LG window performance under near-field blast loads, which differs from far-field situations in two points: i) the duration of the load is very short, since the blast wavelength tends to increase with the distance and ii) the load distribution is not uniform over the window surface, as opposed to the almost plane wave configuration for far-field configurations. Therefore, the current study focuses on the performance assessment and structural behaviour of LG windows under near-field blasts. Typical behavioural trends are investigated, by taking into account possible relevant damage mechanisms in the LG window components, while size effects for target LG windows are also addressed under a multitude of blast loading configurations.