• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.173-179
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• 2005

In succession to previous study(A Study on the Limit of Anchor Dragging for Ship at Anchor sim I), the experiment of anchor dragging by ship handling simulator was performed to investigate the anchoring stability of ship at anchor in this study. The purpose of this experiment is to check the behavior charateristics of ship being dragged and the limit of anchor dragging for ship at anchor. A small tanker ship, which had been anchored in Jinhae Bay when the typhoon MAEMI passed on September 2003, was chosen as model ship for the experiment of anchor dragging and the result of experiment was confirmed to be very similar to the result of theoretical review and field report.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.179-194
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• 2005

This study was investigated to make sure the usage of prescriptions in which Perilla frutescens is used as a main herbal medicine in Donguibogam. Through the investigation on main treatment, pathology, etiology and nature of disease, dosage in the relevant prescriptions, The consequences are as follows; 1. The Perilla frutescens is used in 15 treatment fields which contain the cough, cold chapter ect. 2. The Perilla frutescens is used as a main heral medicine in 30 natures of disease such as cough-relative disease, an asthma, an external wind and cold, etc. 3. The Perilla frutescens is used for various pathology in the exogenous etiological factor, endogenous etiological factor, exo-endogeneous etiological factor and non-exo-endogeneous etiological factor. 4. The Perilla frutescens is used in a range of $1.2g{\sim}10g$ in relevant prescription. The main dosage is 4g. 5. The Perilla frutescens is used with various crude herbs in accordance with the pathogeny. The Perilla frutescens has been used to reduce heat from the lungs, to relieve asthma, to promote qi's movement and to soothe fetal movement etc. According to the results, 1 suggest to use the Perilla frutescens in a various pathogenic fields. The Perilla frutescens is able to remove not only pathogenic heat from the cough-relative disease, but also pathogenic asthma, an external winds and colds, etc.

• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2012

Extreme heavy snowfall episodes have been investigated in case of accumulated snowfall amount larger than 50 cm during the past ten years, in order to understand the association of low-level stability with heavy snowfall in the Yeongdong region. In general, the selected 4 events have similar synoptic setting such as the Siberian High extended to East Sea along with the Low passing by the southern Korean Peninsula, eventually inducing easterly in the Yeongdong region. Specifically moist-adiabatically neutral layer has been observed during the heavy snowfall period, which was easily identified using vertical profiles of equivalent potential temperature observed at Sokcho, whereas convective unstable layer has been formed over the East sea due to relatively warm sea surface temperature (SST) about $8{\sim}10^{\circ}C$ and lower temperature around 1~2 km above the surface, obtained from RDAPS. Difference of equivalent potential temperature between 850 hPa and surface as well as difference between air and sea temperatures altogether gradually increased before the snowfall period. Instability-induced moisture supply to the atmosphere from the East sea, being cooled and saturated by the upper cold surge, would make low-level ice cloud, and eventually move inland by the easterly flow. Heavy snowfall will be enhanced in association with low-level convergence by surface friction and upslope wind against Taebaek mountains. This study emphasizes the importance of low level stability in the Yeongdong region using the radiosonde sounding and RDAPS data, which should quantitatively be examined through numerical model as well as heat and moisture supply from the ocean.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.109-125
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• 2016

Flow interference is investigated between two tripped cylinders of identical diameter D at stagger angle ${\alpha}=0^{\circ}{\sim}180^{\circ}$ and gap spacing ratio $P^*$ (= P/D) = 0.1 ~ 5, where ${\alpha}$ is the angle between the freestream velocity and the line connecting the cylinder centers, and P is the gap width between the cylinders. Two tripwires, each of diameter 0.1D, were attached on each cylinder at azimuthal angle ${\beta}={\pm}30^{\circ}$, respectively. Time-mean drag coefficient ($C_D$) and fluctuating drag ($C_{Df}$) and lift ($C_{Lf}$) coefficients on the two tripped cylinders were measured and compared with those on plain cylinders. We also conducted surface pressure measurements to assimilate the fluid dynamics around the cylinders. $C_D$, $C_{Df}$ and $C_{Lf}$ all for the plain cylinders are strong function of ${\alpha}$ and $P^*$ due to strong mutual interference between the cylinders, connected to six interactions (Alam and Meyer 2011), namely boundary layer and cylinder, shear-layer/wake and cylinder, shear layer and shear layer, vortex and cylinder, vortex and shear layer, and vortex and vortex interactions. $C_D$, $C_{Df}$ and $C_{Lf}$ are very large for vortex and cylinder, vortex and shear layer, and vortex and vortex interactions, i.e., the interactions where vortex is involved. On the other hand, the interference as well as the strong interactions involving vortices is suppressed for the tripped cylinders, resulting in insignificant variations in $C_D$, $C_{Df}$ and $C_{Lf}$ with ${\alpha}$ and $P^*$. In most of the (${\alpha}$, $P^*$ ) region, the suppressions in $C_D$, $C_{Df}$ and $C_{Lf}$ are about 58%, 65% and 85%, respectively, with maximum suppressions 60%, 80% and 90%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

The increase in the consumption of outdoors sportswear is not because of an increase in sales from hiking enthusiasts but rather the general public's desire to wear them as everyday clothing. We expect that the market for the outdoors sportswear will grow gradually as people feel the need to wear extra outerwear for protection from wind everyday. Furthermore, as the consumers' demands for these outerwear increase, their desire for more variety increases as well. Five prominent domestic brands were chosen for the analysis. The selection method included two factors: 1) the brands with the highest sales figures in the last five years 2) brands that were mentioned most frequently in fashion articles (i.e apparel news, fashion biz) from 2009 to 2011. the goal is to analyze each of the brands' different concepts of outerwear design so that the results from the analysis can be used to develop better more diverse products in the market and satisfy with the consumers' need. In the end we have to develop better technology and more diverse designs in order to meet the increase in consumers' need. They are interested in sportswear and functional clothing; we have to satisfy their need. for diverse selections in their outerwear and this is especially the case with consumers in their teens and twenties.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.32-45
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• 2016

The anthropogenic aerosols originated from the pollutant emissions in the eastern part of China and dust emitted in northwestern China in Yellow sand regions are subsequently transported via eastward wind to the Korean peninsula and then these aerosols induce high $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korean peninsula. In order to estimate air quality considering anthropogenic and dust emissions, Comprehensive Air-quality Model with extension (CAMx) was applied to simulate $PM_{10}$ concentration. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without/with dust emissions were compared with observations at ambient air quality monitoring sites in China and Korea for 2008. The predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emissions could depict the variation of measured $PM_{10}$ especially during Yellow sand events in Korea. The comparisons also showed that predicted $PM_{10}$ concentrations without dust emissions were under-predicted while predictions of $PM_{10}$ concentrations with dust emission were in good agreement with observations. This implied that dust emissions from desert and barren soil in southern Mongolia and northern China minimized the discrepancies in the $PM_{10}$ predictions in East Asia. The effect of dust emission on annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations in Korea Peninsula for year 2008 was $5{\sim}10{\mu}g/m^3$, which were about 20% of observed annual $PM_{10}$ concentrations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-37
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• 2003

The epistaxis is commonplace and temporary disease in the field of ENT. In most cases, it is a slight illness, but sometimes, it leads to death because of copious bleeding. The first treatment of epistaxis is stoping hemorrhage, but the real state of treatment in oriental medical is not thoroughgoing enough. So we referred to oriental medical journals and sundry records about etiology and remedy of epistaxis, we got this results. 1. The etiology of epistaxis was mostly bleeding due to heat in the blood by dysfunction of Jang and Bu Gi, there were affection wind-cold by exopathogen, spleen heat to liver, excessive fire of lung meridian, stagnated fire-heat of upper Cho, excessive drinking, bruise and so on. 2. The treatment was used much to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, in case of getting no better, it's used to enriching the blood or clear Gi. 3. The internal remedy of epistaxis was the most used 20times SeogakJihwangtang(犀角地黃湯) to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, and used Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Samhwangbohyultang(三黃補血湯), Jiyuksan(止육散), hueksinsan(黑神散), etc. The drugstuffs were the most used 51times Radix Rehmanniae Preparata((生地黃) to clear heat and remove heat from the blood, produce the body fluids, yin, and used Radix Paeoniae Alba(芍樂) and Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Angelicae Gignatis(當歸), Radix Scutellariae(黃岑), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連) and Fructus Gardeniae(梔子), etc. 4. The external medical treatment of epistaxis was the most used 16times spraying the granular medication into the cavity and attaching Allii Bulbus(大蒜) to center of the sole or binding the middle finger, etc.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.4 s.55
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• pp.375-380
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• 2006

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) have been emphasized due to their threats in human health. Waste incinerator emission has been emphasized as a source of EDC including polychlorinateddibenzofurans(PCDD/F) and other carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been used as an exposure biomarker for the PAHs. On the other hand, etheno-DNA adducts, e.g. 1, $N^6-ethenodeoxyadenosine({\varepsilon}dA)$, has been developed as an useful effective or response biomarker for carcinogenesis. Thus, I investigated association between urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels due to distance from an incinerator which was built more 10 years ago in the middle of a farm in P city. I designated the EDC-high and low exposed group due to distance from the incinerator, i.e. within 2.5km and $5.0{\sim}7.5km$ from the incinerator, respectively. The study subjects were age and sex-matched males and females (mean age, $61.3{\pm}9.6$ yrs; total 40 persons, male, 10; female, 10 for the each group). Urinary 1-OHP and ${\varepsilon}dA$ were analyzed with HPLC-FD and IP-HPLC-FD, respectively. As results, the distance from the incinerator was not associated with urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels (p=0.43 and 0.82, respectively). On the other hand, urinary ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels were significantly higher in the hyperlipidemia group (N=10) than normal group (N=30). In conclusion, urinary 1-OHP nor ${\varepsilon}dA$ levels can not be suggested as an incinerator-related exposure nor effective biomarker. However, not only distance from the incinerator bot also systemic approaches including wind and soil contamination are required to assume exposure levels of incinerator-related EDC.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2003

This study analyzes the results of thunderstorm data observed in the mid-western part of Japan during the winter of 1996-1997. There were 35 instances of thunderstorms with 4,426 instances of lightning detected during the observation period. This study estimates the frequency of lightning occurrence through classification of detected lightning into two types, and analyzes the relationship between lightning types and synoptic pattern. According to the analyzed results, cloud-to-cloud discharge and positive polarity occupied 78% and 42.3% of total discharge, respectively. It is rare for lightning to occur in the winter season, usually occuring during the night (midnight to 5 a.m.). Lightning frequently occurs when there is a prevailing synoptic wind from the norhwest. According to the analyzed results of multiplicity and multi-point lightning, the mean values of multiplicity and multi-point lightning are 1.4 and 1.2, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.67-78
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• 2019

The efficiency of suppressing fine dust was evaluated by conducting indoor and field experiments for the ground treated with EICP solution, which is an eco-friendly ground improvement method. In laboratory experiments, the EICP solution was prepared with inexpensive materials for the field applicability, and the optimal mixing ratio and optimal spraying volume of EICP solution were calculated. The optimum amount of calcium carbonate was shown when the ratio of urea/calcium chloride and white powder were 1.5 and 15 g/L, respectively. The optimum spraying amount of the EICP solution was $7L/m^2$ determined by fine dust suppression and cone tip resistance experiments. The spraying of water and EICP solution was conducted at the test-bed where dump trucks pass for the effect of suppressing fine dust of each method. The effective fine dust suppression method can be chosen depending on the situation of the site.