• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 2014

A major problem with high-mast light poles is the effects that wind vortex shedding can have on the pole itself because of the lock-in phenomenon. It is desired that the coefficients in the AASHTO Standard Specifications ($5^{th}$ edition) for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries, and Traffic Signals be analyzed and refined. This is for the belief that the span of the shapes of poles for which the coefficients are used is much too broad and a specific coefficient for each different shape is desired. The primary objective of this study is to develop wind vortex shedding coefficient for a multisided shape. To do that, an octagonal shape was used as the main focus since octagonal cross sectioned high-mast light poles are one of the most common shapes in service. For the needed data, many wind parameters, such as the static drag coefficient, the slope of aerodynamic lift coefficient, Strouhal number, the lock-in range of wind velocities producing vibrations, and variation of amplitude of vortex-induced vibration with Scruton number are needed. From wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic parameters were obtained for an octagonal shape structure. Even though aerodynamic coefficients are known from past test results, they need to be refined by conducting further wind tunnel tests.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.155-170
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a novel test method for the galloping of iced conductor using wind generated by a moving vehicle which can produce relative wind field. The theoretical formula of transiting test is developed based on theoretical derivation and field test. The test devices of transiting test method for aerodynamic coefficient and galloping of an iced conductor are designed and assembled, respectively. The test method is then used to measure the aerodynamic coefficient and galloping of iced conductor which has been performed in the relevant literatures. Experimental results reveal that the theoretical formula of transiting test method for aerodynamic coefficient of iced conductor is accurate. Moreover, the driving wind speed measured by Pitot tube pressure sensors, as well as the lift and drag forces measured by dynamometer in the transiting test are stable and accurate. Vehicle vibration slightly influences the aerodynamic coefficients of the transiting test during driving in ideal conditions. Results of transiting test show that the tendencies of the aerodynamic coefficient curve are generally consistent with those of the wind tunnel tests in related studies. Meanwhile, the galloping is fairly consistent with that obtained through the wind tunnel test in the related literature. These studies validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the transiting test method. The present study on the transiting test method provides a novel testing method for research on the wind-resistance of iced conductor.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.15-36
• /
• 2015

Characterization of wind flows over a complex terrain, especially mountain-gorge terrain (referred to as the very complex terrain with rolling mountains and deep narrow gorges), is an important issue for design and operation of long-span bridges constructed in this area. In both wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation, a transition section is often used to connect the wind tunnel floor or computational domain bottom and the boundary top of the terrain model in order to generate a smooth flow transition over the edge of the terrain model. Although the transition section plays an important role in simulation of wind field over complex terrain, an appropriate shape needs investigation. In this study, two principles for selecting an appropriate shape of boundary transition section were proposed, and a theoretical curve serving for the mountain-gorge terrain model was derived based on potential flow theory around a circular cylinder. Then a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation was used to compare the flow transition performance between the proposed curved transition section and the traditional ramp transition section in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, the wind velocity field induced by the curved transition section with an equivalent slope of $30^{\circ}$ was investigated in detail, and a parameter called the 'velocity stability factor' was defined; an analytical model for predicting the velocity stability factor was also proposed. The results show that the proposed curved transition section has a better flow transition performance compared with the traditional ramp transition section. The proposed analytical model can also adequately predict the velocity stability factor of the wind field.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.31-42
• /
• 2024

해안사구는 해안사빈의 모래가 바람에 의해 운반 및 퇴적으로 형성되어 생태계 보전 및 자연재해 보호의 역할을 한다. 해안사구의 침식에 대한 자가회복력에도 불구하고 해안사구의 면적이 지속적으로 감소하고 있어 논의가 필요하다. 미생물을 활용한 탄산칼슘 형성(microbially induced carbonate precipitation, MICP) 기술은 지반의 강성과 강도를 증진시키는 친환경적 방법으로, 본 논문에서는 MICP 기술의 해안사구 침식 저감성에 대해 논의하였다. 풍동 시험기가 해안사구의 침식 거동을 모사하기 위해 사용되었다. 무처리 모래와 MICP 처리 모래를 준비하여 침식 실험을 수행하였다. 3차원 스캐너를 통해 침식 전후의 표면 변화를 관측하여 침식 거동과 침식성 정수를 분석하였다. 염산 세척을 통해 MICP 처리된 모래의 고결도를 정량화 하였다. 실험 결과, MICP 처리가 높을수록 고결도와 강도가 올라가고, 그로 인해 침식 저항성이 증진되었다. 이 논문에서는 풍력에 의한 전단응력과 물에 의한 전단응력 간의 불일치를 발견하고 이를 해소하기 위하여 보정계수를 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 MICP 기술의 해안사구의 침식 저감 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.225-241
• /
• 1998

The high-rise supporting towers of long-span suspension and cable-stayed bridges commonly comprise a pair of slender prisms of roughly square cross-section with a center-to-centre spacing of from perhaps 2 to 6 widths and connected by one or more cross-ties. The tower columns may have a constant spacing as common for suspension bridges or the spacing may reduce towards the top of the tower. The present paper is concerned with the aerodynamics of such towers and describes an experimental investigation of the overall aerodynamic forces acting on a pair of square cylinders in two-dimensional flow. Wind tunnel pressure measurements were carried out in smooth flow and with a longitudinal intensity of turbulence 0.10. Different angles of attack were considered between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, and separations between the two columns from twice to 13 times the side width of the column. The mean values of the overall forces proved to be related to the bias introduced in the flow by the interaction between the two cylinders; the overall rms forces are related to the level of coherence between the shedding-induced forces on the two cylinders and to their phase. Plots showing the variation of the force coefficients and Strouhal number as a function of the separation, together with the force coefficients spectra and lift cross-correlation functions are presented in the paper.

• 오토저널
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1988

현대의 자동차 설계에 있어서 공기역학적 설계는 제일관심사로서 자동차제조기술의 발달에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 이는 연료경제성, 운전성 그리고 주행안전성 등이 이 공기역학과 밀접한 관계에 있기 때문이다. 또한 저항력계수는 여러가지의 동급차종 중에서 특정자동차의 판매를 증가시킬 수 있는 중요한 요소가 되고 있다는 점에서 자동차제작에 있어서 공기역학이 가지는 중요성은 계속 증대되고 있어 풍동은 자동차공학자들에게 자동차설계에 있어서 필요불가결한 시설이 되고 있다. 본 해설에서는 이렇게 그 필요성이 증가하고 있는 자동차실험용 풍동(Automotive wind tunnel)의 소개와 현재 가동되고 있는 자동차용 풍동에 의한 실험의 예를 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.62-71
• /
• 2002

A free oscillation technique for obtaining the dynamic stability derivatives in yaw is applied to the pure yawing motion. The procedure of wind tunnel testing is to compute the derivatives after measuring deflecting angles of the model during the free oscillating motion. The charging compressed air is supplied for the initial excitation. The results of this experiment predicted feasible characteristics of the yawing motion, comparing with the data previously reported in the literature.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2011

측풍 시 AREX 열차에 가해지는 공기역학적 하중을 측정하기 위하여 풍동시험이 수행되었다. 5% 축소 시험 모델은 연결부, 하부 및 대차부 등을 포함하여 가능한한 자세하게 모델링되었다. 시험에 사용된 풍동은 폭 4m $\times$ 높이 3m 의 시험부를 가진 한국항공우주연구원(KARI)의 중형 아음속 풍동이다. 두 종류의 선로 모형에 놓여진 열차 모델에 가해지는 공기역학적 하중과 모멘트는 요각에 따라 도시되었으며, 실험 조건에 따른 공력 계수의 특성이 분석되었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.119-125
• /
• 2020

본 논문에서는 국방과학연구소에서 신규 건설한 천음속풍동을 소개하고 성능에 대하여 기술하였다. 천음속풍동은 인젝터구동(Injection Driven), 폐회로(Closed Circuit) 방식의 풍동으로 시험부 크기가 가로, 세로 각각 1.5m이다. 마하수는 0.3에서 1.2까지 연속적으로 변화가능하며, 노즐을 교체하여 마하수 1.4 실험이 가능하다. 풍동의 전압력(Total Pressure)을 100kPa에서 550kPa까지 변화시킬 수 있으며, 그에 따라 레이놀즈수(Reynolds Number)를 크게 변화시켜 실험을 수행할 수 있다. 풍동의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 AGARD-B 표준모형을 이용하여 6분력 공력계수 측정 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과를 국과연 삼중음속풍동 및 세계 여러 풍동의 실험결과와 비교 분석하였다.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2002

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have the capability to develop functional relationships between input-output patterns obtained from any source. Thus ANN can be conveniently used to develop a generalised relationship from limited and sometimes inconsistent data, and can therefore also be applied to tackle the data obtained from wind tunnel tests on building models with large number of variables. In this paper ANN model has been developed for predicting wind induced pressures in various zones of a Gable Building from limited test data. The procedure is also extended to a case wherein interference effects on a gable roof building by a similar building are studied. It is found that the Artificial Neural Network modelling is seen to predict successfully, the pressure coefficients for any roof slope that has not been covered by the experimental study. It is seen that ANN modelling can lead to a reduction of the wind tunnel testing effort for interference studies to almost half.