• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

In this study, a new shape of wind turbine with horizontal axis has been proposed. The proposed wind turbine has two pairs of 3 tiltable blades which minimizes air resistance during the reverse rotational direction. Under a given wind speed, 3D numerical simulations on tiltable blades were performed for various TSRs(tip-speed-ratios). Four cases of rotational position was considered to analyze the torque and wind power generated on the blade surfaces. The results show that the maximum wind power occurs at the TSR of 0.2. Due to the blade tilting, the wind passes through the blade without air resistance at the reverse rotational direction. The torque is mainly caused by pressure differences between the front and rear surface of the blade, and it becomes maximum when the blade is located at the azimuth angle of 330°.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2014

We investigate the amount of potential electricity energy generated by wind power in Busan metropolitan area, using the mesoscale meteorological model WRF (Weather Research & Forecasting), combined with small wind power generators. The WRF modeling has successfully simulated meteorological characteristics over the urban areas, and showed statistical significant to predict the amount of wind energy generation. The highest amount of wind power energy has been predicted at the coastal area, followed by at riverbank and upland, depending on predicted spatial distributions of wind speed. The electricity energy prediction method in this study is expected to be used for plans of wind farm constructions or the power supplies.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.489-508
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• 2015

In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed to obtain optimum location of outriggers. The method utilizes genetic algorithm (GA) for shape and size optimization of outrigger-braced tall structures. In spite of previous studies (simplified methods), current study is based on exact modeling of the structure in a computer program developed on Matlab in conjunction with OpenSees. In addition to that, exact wind loading distribution is calculated in accordance with ASCE 7-10. This is novel since in previous studies wind loading distributions were assumed to be uniform or triangular. Also, a new penalty coefficient is proposed which is suitable for optimization of tall buildings. Newly proposed penalty coefficient improves the performance of GA and results in a faster convergence. Optimum location and number of outriggers is investigated. Also, contribution of factors like central core and outrigger rigidity is assessed by analyzing several design examples. According to the results of analysis, exact wind load distribution and modeling of all structural elements, yields optimum designs which are in contrast of simplified methods results. For taller frames significant increase of wind pressure changes the optimum location of outriggers obtained by simplified methods. Ratio of optimum location to the height of the structure for minimizing weight and satisfying serviceability constraints is not a fixed value. Ratio highly depends on height of the structure, core and outriggers stiffness and lateral wind loading distribution.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.497-512
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• 2008

In this paper, optimum methods of wind-induced vibration control of high-rise buildings are mainly studied. Two optimum methods, genetic algorithms (GA) method and Rayleigh damping method, are firstly employed and proposed to perform optimum study on wind-induced vibration control, six target functions are presented in GA method based on spectrum analysis. Structural optimum analysis programs are developed based on Matlab software to calculate wind-induced structural responses. A high-rise steel building with 20-storey is adopted and 22 kinds of control plans are employed to perform comparison analysis to validate the feasibility and validity of the optimum methods considered. The results show that the distributions of damping coefficients along structural height for mass proportional damping (MPD) systems and stiffness proportional damping (SPD) systems are entirely opposite. Damping systems of MPD and GAMPD (genetic algorithms and mass proportional damping) have the best performance of reducing structural wind-induced vibration response and are superior to other damping systems. Standard deviations of structural responses are influenced greatly by different target functions and the influence is increasing slightly when higher modes are considered, as shown fully in section 5. Therefore, the influence of higher modes should be considered when strict requirement of wind-induced vibration comfort is needed for some special structures.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.325-342
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• 2005

This paper deals with the buckling behavior of thin-walled aboveground tanks under wind load. In order to do that, the wind pressures are obtained by means of wind-tunnel experiments, while the structural non linear response is computed by means of a finite element discretization of the tank. Wind-tunnel models were constructed and tested to evaluate group effects in tandem configurations, i.e. one or two tanks shielding an instrumented tank. Pressures on the roof and on the cylindrical part were measured by pressure taps. The geometry of the target tank is similar in relative dimensions to typical tanks found in oil storage facilities, and several group configurations were tested with blocking tanks of different sizes and different separation between the target tank and those blocking it. The experimental results show changes in the pressure distributions around the circumference of the tank for half diameter spacing, with respect to an isolated tank with similar dimensions. Moreover, when the front tank of the tandem array has a height smaller than the target tank, increments in the windward pressures were measured. From the computational analysis, it seems that the additional stiffness provided by the roof prevents reductions in the buckling load for cases even when increments in pressures develop in the top region of the cylinder.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 1989

This study presents rational methods for probability-based estimates of basic design wind speeds in Korea and proposes a risk-based nation-wide map of design wind speeds. The paper examines the fittings of the extreme Type I mode to largest yearly non-typhoon wind data from long-term records, and to largest monthly non-typhoon wind data from short-term records. For the estimation of the extreme typhoon wins speed distribution, an indirect analytical method based on a Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to typhoon-prone regions. The basic desig wind speeds for typhoon and non-typhoon winds at the sites of concern are made to be obtained from the mixed model given as a product of the two distributions. The results of this study show that the proposed models and methods provide a practicable tool for the development of the risk-based basic design wind speed and the design wind map from short-term station records currently available in Korea.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.301-328
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• 2017

Multivariate fluctuating pressures acting on a 2:1 rectangular section (2-D) with dimensions of 9 cm by 4.5 cm has been studied using wind tunnel experiments under uniform and smooth flow condition for various angles of wind incidence. Based on the variation of mean pressure coefficient distributions along the circumference of the rectangular section with angle of wind incidence, and with the aid of skin friction coefficients, three distinct flow regimes with two transition regimes have been identified. Further, variations of mean drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number with angles of wind incidence have been studied. The applicability of Universal Strouhal number based on vortex street similarity of wakes in bluff bodies to the 2:1 rectangular section has been studied for different angles of wind incidence. The spatio-temporal correlation features of the measured pressure data have been studied using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. The contribution of individual POD modes to the aerodynamic force components, viz, drag and lift, have been studied. It has been demonstrated that individual POD modes can be associated to different physical phenomena, which contribute to the overall aerodynamic forces.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.304-315
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• 2009

Numerical simulations were carried out to understand the effect of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) spatial distribution on regional circulation. A three-dimensional non-hydrostatic atmospheric model RAMS, version 6.0, was applied to examine the impact of SST forcing on regional circulation. New Generation Sea Surface Temperature (NGSST) data were implemented to RAMS to compare the results of modeling with default SST data. Several numerical experiments have been undertaken to evaluate the effect of SST for initialization. First was the case with NGSST data (Case NG), second was the case with RAMS monthly data (Case RM) and third was the case with seasonally averaged RAMS monthly data (Case RS). Case NG showed accurate spatial distributions of SST but, the results of RM and RS were $3{\sim}4^{\circ}C$ lower than buoy observation data. By analyzing practical sea surface conditions, large difference in horizontal temperature and wind field for each run were revealed. Case RM and Case RS showed similar horizontal and vertical distributions of temperature and wind field but, Case NG estimated the intensity of sea breeze weakly and land breeze strongly. These differences were due to the difference of the temperature gradient caused by different spatial distributions of SST. Diurnal variations of temperature and wind speed for Case NG indicated great agreement with the observation data and statistics such as root mean squared error, index of agreement, regression were also better than Case RM and Case RS.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.122-134
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• 1994

The objective of this study is to provide with the hydrometeological and probabilistic characteristics of the storms and winds of typhoons that have been passed through the Korea peninsula during the last twenty-three years since 1961. The paths and intensities of the typhoons were analyzed. Fifty weather stations were selected and the rainfall and wind data during typhoon periods were collected. Rainfall data were analyzed for the patterns and probabilistic distributions. The results were presented to describe the areal distributions of probabilistic characteristics. Wind data were also analysed for their probabilistic distributions. The results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows: 1. The most frequent typhoon path that have passed through the Korean peninsula was type E, which was followed by types CWE, W, WE, and S. The most frequent typhoon intensity was type B, that was followed by A, super A, and C types, respectively. 2. The third quartile typhoon rainfall patterns appear most frequently followed by the second, first, and quartiles, respectively, in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Kwangju and Taejon. The single typhoon rainfalls with long rainfall durations tended to show delayed type rainfall patterns predominantly compared to the single rainfalls with short rainfall durations. 3. The most frequent probabilistic distribution for typhoon rainfall event is Pearson type-III, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Type-I extremal distribution. 4. The most frequent probability distribution model of seashore location was Pearson type-III distribution. The most frequent probability distribution model of inland location was two parameter lognormal distribution. 5. The most frequent probabilistic distribution for typhoon wind events was Type-I xtremal distribution, followed by Two-parameter lognormal distribution, and Normal distribution.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.301-319
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• 2011

The full-scale measurements are compared with the wind tunnel test results for the long-span roof latticed spatial structure of Shenzhen Citizen Center. A direct comparison of model testing results to full-scale measurements is always desirable, not only in validating the experimental data and methods but also in providing better understanding of the physics such as Reynolds numbers and scale effects. Since the quantity and location of full-scale measurements points are different from those of the wind tunnel tests taps, the weighted proper orthogonal decomposition technique is applied to the wind pressure data obtained from the wind tunnel tests to generate a time history of wind load vector, then loads acted on all the internal nodes are obtained by interpolation technique. The nodal mean wind pressure coefficients, root-mean-square of wind pressure coefficients and wind pressure power spectrum are also calculated. The time and frequency domain characteristics of full-scale measurements wind load are analyzed based on filtered data-acquisitions. In the analysis, special attention is paid to the distributions of the mean wind pressure coefficients of center part of Shenzhen Citizen Center long-span roof spatial latticed structure. Furthermore, a brief discussion about difference between the wind pressure power spectrum from the wind tunnel experiments and that from the full-scale in-site measurements is compared. The result is important fundament of wind-induced dynamic response of long-span spatial latticed structures.