• Title/Summary/Keyword: Wind code

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The Analysis of Active Power Control Requirements in the Selected Grid Codes for Wind Farm

  • Kim, Mi-Young;Song, Yong-Un
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.1408-1414
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    • 2015
  • The renewable energies such as photovoltaic power, wind power and biomass have grown to a greater extent as decarbonization techniques. The renewable energies are interconnected to power systems (or electrical grids) in order to increase benefits from economies of scale, and the extra attention is focused on the Grid Code. A grid code defines technical parameters that power plants must meet to ensure functions of power systems, and the grid code determined by considering power system characteristics is various across the country. Some TSO (Transmission System Operator) and ISO (Independent System Operator) have issued grid code for wind power and the special requirements for offshore wind farm. The main purpose of the above grid code is that wind farm in power systems has to act as the existing power plants. Therefore wind farm developer and wind turbine manufacturer have great difficulty in grasping and meeting grid code requirements. This paper presents the basic understanding for grid codes of developed countries in the wind power and trends of those technical requirements. Moreover, in grid code viewpoint, the active power control of wind power is also discussed in details.

Wind turbine blade design using PROPID code and comparative analysis of aerodynamic properties based on CFD (PROPID 코드 활용 풍력발전기 블레이드 설계 및 CFD 기반 공력특성 비교분석)

  • Seo Yoon Choi;Jun Hee Jeong;Rae Hyung Yuck;Kwang Tae Ha;Jae Ho Jeong
    • Journal of Wind Energy
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.5-12
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    • 2022
  • A methodology of wind turbine blade design has been established with PROPID code, which is an aerodynamic blade design tool developed by UIUC. PROPID code can design and analyze a wind turbine blade in a steady state flow. The methodology of wind turbine blade design includes an initial blade concept design, airfoil selection, basic design, and detailed design steps. Inverse design and performance analysis of the 2.3 MW U113 wind turbine blade was performed to verify the wind turbine blade design methodology. The differences in calculated power between PROPID code and GH Bladed code are under 1.0% in all wind conditions. Both blade shape design and performance analysis results using PROPID code are accurate. The aerodynamic characteristics of a U113 blade were investigated by computational fluid dynamics. Separation flow was captured by a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes steady flow simulation using ANSYS CFX code. The numerical aerodynamic analysis methodology was verified by comparing the analysis results through CFD with BEMT-based program GH Bladed code results. Therefore, the blade design methodology will be applied to develop a super-capacity 20 MW wind turbine blade in the future.

Updates of Korean Design Standard (KDS) on the wind load assessment and performance-based wind design

  • Han Sol Lee;Seung Yong Jeong;Thomas H.-K. Kang
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.117-131
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    • 2023
  • Korea Design Standard (KDS) will be updated with two major revisions on the assessment of wind load and performance-based wind design (PBWD). Major changes on the wind load assessment are the wind load factor and basic wind speed. Wind load factor in KDS is reduced from 1.3 to 1, and mean recurrence interval (MRI) for basic wind speed increases from 100 years to 500 years considering the reduction of wind load factor. Additional modification is made including pressure coefficient, torsional moment coefficient and spectrum, and aeroelastic instability. Combined effect of the updates of KDS code on the assessment of wind load is discussed with the case study on the specified sites and building. PBWD is newly added in KDS code to consider the cases with various target performance, vortex-induced vibration, aeroelastic instability, or inelastic behavior. Proposed methods and target performance for PBWD in KDS code are introduced.

Wind Turbine Simulation Program Development using an Aerodynamics Code and a Multi-Body Dynamics Code (풍력발전시스템의 유연체 다물체 동역학 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발)

  • Song, Jin-Seop;Rim, Chae-Whan;Nam, Yong-Yun;Bae, Dae-Sung
    • New & Renewable Energy
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.50-57
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    • 2011
  • A wind turbine simulation program for the coupled dynamics of aerodynamics, elasticity, multi-body dynamics and controls of turbine is newly developed by combining an aero-elastic code and a multi-body dynamics code. The aero-elastic code, based on the blade momentum theory and generalized dynamic wake theory, is developed by NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA). The multi-body dynamics code is commercial one which is capable of accounting for geometric nonlinearity and twist deflection. A turbulent wind load case is simulated for the NREL 5-MW baseline wind turbine model by the developed program and FAST. As a result, the two results agree well enough to verify the reliability of the developed program.

A GUIDE FOR NUMERICAL WIND TUNNEL ANALYSIS IN ORDER TO PREDICT WIND LOAD ON A BUILDING (건축물의 풍하중을 예측하기 위한 수치풍동기법)

  • Lee, Mung-Sung;Lee, June-Hee;Hur, Nahm-Keon;Choi, Chang-Koon
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2010
  • A numerical wind tunnel simulation is performed in order to predict wind loads acting on a building. The aim of the present study is to suggest a guideline for the numerical wind tunnel analysis, which could provide more detail wind load distributions compared to the wind code and expensive wind tunnel experiments. To validate the present numerical simulation, wind-induced loads on a 6 m cube model is predicted. Atmospheric boundary layer is used as a inlet boundary condition. Various effect of numerical methods are investigated such as size of computational domain, grid density, turbulence model and discretization scheme. The appropriate procedure for the numerical wind tunnel analysis is suggested through the present study.

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A Study on the Optimal Operation Schemes for Large-scale Wind Farm (대규모 풍력 발전 단지의 최적운영 방안 연구)

  • Jeon, Young-Soo;Choy, Young-Do
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.365-371
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    • 2009
  • This paper studies the optimal operation schemes for large scale wind farm. With few operation experiences and fundamental technology for the wind farm, there is a difficult to establish the grid code which is the standard for connecting wind farm to power system. Analysis of the grid code and the operation of other nations for wind farm is used to propose the optimal operation schemes for large-scale wind farm considering the characteristic of our power system, by analyzing the influence of power system by wind farm at Cheju island.

A systematic comparison of the wind profile codifications in the Western Pacific Region

  • Jiayao Wang;Tim K.T. Tse;Sunwei Li;Tsz Kin Chan;Jimmy C.H. Fung
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.37 no.2
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 2023
  • Structural design includes calculation of the wind speed as one of the major steps in the design process for wind loading. Accurate determination of design wind speed is vital in achieving safety that is consistent with the economy of construction. It is noticeable that many countries and regions such as Hong Kong, Japan and Australia regularly make amendments to improve the accuracy of wind load estimations for their wind codes and standards. This study compares the latest Hong Kong wind code published in 2019, which is generally known as the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong - 2019, with the latest revision of the AIJ Recommendations for Loads on Buildings - 2015 (Japan), and the Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 1170.2:2021. The comparisons include the variations between the design wind speed and the vertical profiles of wind speed multipliers. The primary purpose of this study was to show any differences in the basic design wind speed and exposure factor estimations among the three economies located in the Western Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, the reasons for such underlying variations between the three documents, are discussed, together with future development trends.

Application of Wind Heeling Moment with Wind Tunnel Test (Wind Tunnel Test를 통한 Wind Moment의 적용 사례)

  • Kim, Jin-ho;Lee, Sang-yeol;Park, Se-il;Kim, Yang-soo
    • Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • 2015.09a
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    • pp.74-78
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    • 2015
  • When floating platform or drilling unit is located at operating station during its design life, it has to have the sufficient stability considering external environment. To evaluate whether offshore structure is complied with the required design criteria for intact stability, the factors which decrease the righting moment have to be considered. Wind heeling moment is one of main factors because the direction is opposite to the righting moment. According to 2009 MODU CODE (Code for the construction and equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2009), wind heeling moment derived from wind tunnel test on scale model of offshore structure enables to apply as alternative given formula and method in 2009 MODU CODE. However, there is no the specific method for applying data derived from wind tunnel test. Based on the following reasons, this paper presents that the calculation method of wind heeling moment utilizing non-dimensional coefficient relative to wind loads (wind forces and moments) and the comparison with each method applying an example.

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Study of wind tunnel test results of high-rise buildings compared to different design codes

  • Badri, Abdulmonem A.;Hussein, Manar M.;Attia, Walid A.
    • Wind and Structures
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.623-642
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    • 2015
  • Several international codes have been developed for evaluating wind loads on structures; however, the wind structure interaction could not be accurately captured by these codes due to the gusty nature of wind and the dynamic behavior of structures. Therefore, the alternative wind tunnel testing was introduced. In this study, an introduction to the available approaches for wind load calculations for tall buildings was presented. Then, a comparative study between different codes: the Egyptian code, ECP 201-08, ASCE 7-05, BS 6399-2, and wind tunnel test results was conducted. An investigation has been carried out on two case studies tall buildings located within the Arabian Gulf region. Numerical models using (ETABS) software were produced to obtain the relation between codes analytical values and wind tunnel experimental test results for wind loads in the along and across wind directions. Results for the main structural responses including stories forces, shears, overturning moments, lateral displacements, and drifts were presented graphically in order to give clear comparison between the studied methods. The conclusions and recommendations for future works obtained from this research are finally presented to help improving Egyptian code provisions and show limitations for different cases.

Structural analysis and optimization of large cooling tower subjected to wind loads based on the iteration of pressure

  • Li, Gang;Cao, Wen-Bin
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.735-753
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    • 2013
  • The wind load is always the dominant load of cooling tower due to its large size, complex geometry and thin-wall structure. At present, when computing the wind-induced response of the large-scale cooling tower, the wind pressure distribution is obtained based on code regulations, wind tunnel test or computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis, and then is imposed on the tower structure. However, such method fails to consider the change of the wind load with the deformation of cooling tower, which may result in error of the wind load. In this paper, the analysis of the large cooling tower based on the iterative method for wind pressure is studied, in which the advantages of CFD and finite element method (FEM) are combined in order to improve the accuracy. The comparative study of the results obtained from the code regulations and iterative method is conducted. The results show that with the increase of the mean wind speed, the difference between the methods becomes bigger. On the other hand, based on the design of experiment (DOE), an approximate model is built for the optimal design of the large-scale cooling tower by a two-level optimization strategy, which makes use of code-based design method and the proposed iterative method. The results of the numerical example demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.