• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.653-660
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• 1999

The flow of non-rotation atmosphere with uniform stratification and wind past an isolated three dimensional topography obstacle is investigated with three-dimensional hydrostatic and non- hydrostatic numerical model. The characteristic of turbulence created the back of topography obstacle is usually defined by Froude number which is the function of upstream wind speed, the height of topography obstacle, and atmospheric stability. Turbulence tends to be formed more easily at the non-hydrostatic model than hydrostatic model. Especially, the difference between flow patterns of two models generated by isolated obstacle is more clear under low Froude number. The difference of flow patterns can be only seen at relatively low altitude, but at high altitude the patterns of two models are almost same. In this research, wind velocity in the parameters related with Froude number have great sensitivity at responsibility of numerical models. and slop of obstacle is also important factor at the flow pattern regardless of the species of numerical model

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

The effect of buildings on flow in urban canopy is one of the most important problems in local/micro-scale meteorology. A large eddy simulation model is used to simulate the flow structure in an urban neighborhood and the bulk effect of the buildings on surrounding flows is analyzed. The results demonstrate that: (a) The inflow conditions affect the detailed flow characteristics much in the building group, including: the distortion or disappearance of the wake vortexes, the change of funneling effect area and the change of location, size of the static-wind area. (b) The bulk effect of the buildings leads to a loss of wind speed in the low layer where height is less than four times of the average building height, and this loss effect changes little when the inflow direction changes. (c) In the bulk effect to environmental fields, the change of inflow direction affects the vertical distribution of turbulence greatly. The peak value of the turbulence energy appears at the height of the average building height. The attribution of fluctuations of different components to turbulence changes greatly at different height levels, in the low levels the horizontal speed fluctuation attribute mostly, while the vertical speed fluctuation does in high levels.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.315-329
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• 2023

We investigated the wind characteristics in the near-surface layer during the landfall of Typhoon Mujigae (2015) based on observations from wind towers in the coastal areas of Guandong province. Typhoon Mujigae made landfall in this region from 01:00 UTC to 10:00 UTC on October 4, 2015. In the region influenced by the eyewall of the tropical cyclone, the horizontal wind speed was characterized by a double peak, the wind direction changed by >180°, the vertical wind speed increased by three to four times, and the angle of attack increased significantly to a maximum of 7°, exceeding the recommended values in current design criteria. The vertical wind profile may not conform to a power law distribution in the near-surface layer in the region impacted by the eyewall and spiral rainband. The gust factors were relatively dispersed when the horizontal wind speed was small and tended to a smaller value and became more stable with an increase in the horizontal wind speed. The variation in the gust factors was the combined result of the height, wind direction, and circulation systems of the tropical cyclone. The turbulence intensity and the downwind turbulence energy spectrum both increased notably in the eyewall and spiral rainband and no longer satisfied the assumption of isotropy in the inertial subrange and the -5/3 law. This result was more significant in the eyewall area than in the spiral rainband. These results provide a reference for forecasting tropical cyclones, wind-resistant design, and hazard prevention in coastal areas of China to reduce the damage caused by high winds induced by tropical cyclones.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.579-607
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• 2015

A Combination Random Flow Generation (CRFG) technique for obtaining the fluctuating inflow boundary conditions for Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is proposed. The CRFG technique was developed by combining the typical RFG technique with a novel calculation of k and ${\varepsilon}$ to estimate the length- and time-scales (l, ${\tau}$) of the target fluctuating turbulence field used as the inflow boundary conditions. Through comparatively analyzing the CRFG technique and other existing numerical/experimental results, the CRFG technique was verified for the generation of turbulent wind velocity fields with prescribed turbulent statistics. Using the turbulent velocity fluctuations generated by the CRFG technique, a series of LESs were conducted to investigate the wind flow around S-, R-, L- and U-shaped building models. As the pressures of the models were also measured in wind tunnel tests, the validity of the LES, and the effectiveness of the inflow boundary generated by the CRFG techniques were evaluated through comparing the simulation results to the wind tunnel measurements. The comparison showed that the LES accurately and reliably simulates the wind-induced pressure distributions on the building surfaces, which indirectly validates the CRFG technique in generating realistic fluctuating wind velocities for use in the LES. In addition to the pressure distribution, the LES results were investigated in terms of wind velocity profiles around the building models to reveal the wind flow dynamics around bluff bodies. The LES results quantitatively showed the decay of the bluff body influence when the flow moves away from the building model.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

The vortex convection and induced flow field behind the KARI 3m x 4m LSWT gust generator was computed by using Computational Fluid Dynamics. For the accurate simulation of vortex convection, inviscid, laminar, Spalart-Allmars k-e and k-w turbulence models were tested with the NAL gust generator configuration and Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was selected for the prediction of induced flow field behind the KARI LSWT gust generator. The wind tunnel test was also carried out at KARI LSWT and the results were compared with CFD prediction.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-41
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• 2017

The effects of finite cylinder free end shape on the mean and fluctuating wind pressures were investigated experimentally and numerically by using three different roof shapes: flat, conical and hemispherical. The pressure distributions on the roofs and the side walls of the finite cylinders partially immersed in a simulated atmospheric boundary layer have been obtained for three different roof shapes. Realizable $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was used for numerical simulations. Change in roof shapes has caused significant differences on the pressure distributions. When compared the pressure distributions on the different roofs, it is seen from the results that hemispherical roof has the most critical pressure field among the others. It is found a good agreement between numerical and experimental results.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

The wind load on building surface is numerically investigated. The geometry of target building is a square cross section and aspect ratio (height (H) to width (d)) is 6. On building surface, the pressure was measured, compared to obtained value from numerical simulation. The numerical simulations were done using URANS with three different turbulence models such as v2-f model, k-${\omega}$model, and k-${\varepsilon}$ model, respectively. The v2-f model showed the best agreement with experimental data in simulating mean pressure coefficients on front, rear and side surface. But unsteady characteristics of pressure history measured on surface is shown a discrepancy between experiment and numerical simulation.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2024

In this study, the characteristics of wind pressure distribution on circular retractable dome roofs with a low rise-to-span ratio were analyzed under various approaching flow conditions by obtaining and analyzing wind pressures under three different turbulent boundary layers. Compared to the results of previous studies with a rise-to-span ratio of 0.1, it was confirmed that a lower rise-to-span ratio increases the reattachment length of the separated approaching flow, thereby increasing the influence of negative pressure. Additionally, it was found that wind pressures varied significantly according to the characteristics of the turbulence intensity. Based on these experimental results, a model for peak net pressure coefficients for cladding design was proposed, considering variations in turbulence intensity and height.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-315
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• 2013

Numerical research on four typical configurations of noise mitigation structures and their characteristics of wind loads are reported in this paper. The turbulence model as well the model parameters, the modeling of the equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer, the mesh discretization etc., were carefully considered in the numerical model to improve the numerical accuracy. Also a numerical validation of one configuration with the wind tunnel test data was made. Through detailed analyses of the wind load characteristics with the inclined part and the wind incidence angle, it was found that the addition of an inclined part to a noise mitigation structure at-grade would affect the mean nett pressure coefficients on the vertical part, and that the extent of this effect depends on the length of the inclined part itself. The magnitudes of the mean nett pressure coefficients for both the vertical part and the inclined part of noise mitigation structure at-grade tended to increase with length of inclined part. Finally, a comparison with the wind load code British/European Standard BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 was made and the envelope of the mean nett pressure coefficients of the noise mitigation structures was given for design purposes. The current research should be helpful to improve current wind codes by providing more reasonable wind pressure coefficients for different configurations of noise mitigation structures.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.465-480
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• 2017

Modelling an equilibrium atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in computational wind engineering (CWE) and relevant areas requires the boundary conditions, the turbulence model and associated constants to be consistent with each other. Among them, the inflow boundary conditions play an important role and determine whether the equations of the turbulence model are satisfied in the whole domain. In this paper, the idea of modeling an equilibrium ABL through specifying proper inflow boundary conditions is extended to the SST $k-{\omega}$ model, which is regarded as a better RANS model for simulating the blunt body flow than the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ model. Two new sets of inflow boundary conditions corresponding to different descriptions of the inflow velocity profiles, the logarithmic law and the power law respectively, are then theoretically proposed and numerically verified. A method of determining the undetermined constants and a set of parameter system are then given, which are suitable for the standard wind terrains defined in the wind load code. Finally, the full inflow boundary condition equations considering the scale effect are presented for the purpose of general use.