• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.543-562
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to discuss the design wind loads for the structural frames of single-layer latticed domes with long spans. First, wind pressures are measured simultaneously at many points on dome models in a wind tunnel. Then, the dynamic response of several models is analyzed in the time domain, using the pressure data obtained from the wind tunnel experiment. The nodal displacements and the resultant member stresses are computed at each time step. The results indicate that the dome's dynamic response is generally dominated by such vibration modes that contribute to the static response significantly. Furthermore, the dynamic response is found to be almost quasi-static. Then, a series of quasi-static analyses, in which the inertia and damping terms are neglected, is made for a wide range of the dome's geometry. Based on the results, a discussion is made of the design wind load. It is found that a gust effect factor approach can be used for the load estimation. Finally, an empirical formula for the gust effect factor and a simple model of the pressure coefficient distribution are provided.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.12 no.5 s.48
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• pp.495-502
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• 2000

In this study, the wind tunnel test for Kwangju World Cup Stadium with long span roof was carried out and its results were considered in the two roofs: one is the case of one roof, and the other is the case of two roofs which are identical. In this experiment, a 1/400-scale model was used. As a result of measuring wind pressure in the case of one roof and then two, when two roofs are set up, wind load for structural frame decreases by 35%, compared to that of one roof. These results show that the current criteria for wind loadings, which specify that wind pressure on the roof depends only on the altitude, have limitations for adoption, and a wind tunnel test is essential to design.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.221-236
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• 2023

The lateral component of turbulence and the vortices shed in the wake of a structure result in introducing dynamic wind load in the acrosswind direction and the resulting level of motion is typically larger than the corresponding alongwind motion for a dynamically sensitive structure. The underlying source mechanisms of the acrosswind load may be classified into motion-induced, buffeting, and Strouhal components. This study proposes a frequency domain framework to decompose the overall load into these components based on output-only measurements from wind tunnel experiments or full-scale measurements. First, the total acrosswind load is identified based on measured acceleration response by solving the inverse problem using the Kalman filter technique. The decomposition of the combined load is then performed by modeling each load component in terms of a Bayesian filtering scheme. More specifically, the decomposition and the estimation of the model parameters are accomplished using the unscented Kalman filter in the frequency domain. An aeroelastic wind tunnel experiment involving a tall circular cylinder was carried out for the validation of the proposed framework. The contribution of each load component to the acrosswind response is assessed by re-analyzing the system with the decomposed components. Through comparison of the measured and the re-analyzed response, it is demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively decomposes the total acrosswind load into components and sheds light on the overall underlying mechanism of the acrosswind load and attendant structural response. The delineation of these load components and their subsequent modeling and control may become increasingly important as tall slender buildings of the prismatic cross-section that are highly sensitive to the acrosswind load effects are increasingly being built in major metropolises.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

In this study, operational vibration experiment and analysis have been conducted for the 4-blade small vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) including the effect of tower elastic behavior. Computational structural dynamics analysis method is applied to obtain Campbell diagram for the VAWT with elastic tower. An open type wind-tunnel is used to change and keep the wind velocity during the ground test. Equivalent elastic tower is used to support the VAWT so that the effect of elastic stiffness of the tower can be considered in the present vibration experiment. Various excitation conditions with wind loads are considered and the dominant operating vibration phenomena are physically investigated in detail.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

This paper deals with the process of estimating the environmental noise generated from the actual flying aircraft using the noise measurement results obtained through the wind tunnel test and verifying it through flight tests. In order to evaluate the environmental noise of an aircraft, noise tests and evaluations are generally conducted according to the procedures prescribed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In this paper, we introduced environmental noise evaluation method that can be applied to composite both fixed-wing aircraft and multi-copter, and introduced the evaluation method by experiment. This paper introduces the process of simulating the noise test results measured in the wind tunnel test using real flight test results. In addition, in consideration of flight operating conditions and noise measurement methods proposed by the ICAO, the effective perceived noise level (EPNL) was predicted by performing both the wind tunnel test and the aircraft flight test.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.43 no.4 s.148
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• pp.431-439
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• 2006

Due to the limitation of size of the test section, blockage effects could not be avoided in the model test of yacht sails for common wind tunnels. In this paper, a numerical analysis is performed to investigate the blockage effects on the lift and drag forces measured from wind tunnel experiments for a 30 feet sloop yacht sail. Complex airflows around the jib and main sails including three-dimensional flow separations are calculated for various close-hauled conditions. It is found that the blockage of a wind tunnel changes the flow separation and consequently the lift and drag forces of the sails, especially the main sail, reduce and increase, respectively, due to the blockage effects.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.791-799
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• 2008

We investigate the flow characteristics around a series of rectangular bodies ($40^d{\times}80^w{\times}80^h$, $80^d{\times}80^w{\times}80^h$ and $160^d{\times}80^w{\times}80^h$) placed in a deep turbulent boundary layer. The study is aiming to understand the surface pressure distribution around the bodies such as the suction pressure in the leading edge, when the flow is normal, which is responsible for producing extreme suction pressures on the roof. The experiment includes wind tunnel work by using HWA (Hot-Wire anemometry) and pressure transducers. The experiments are carried out at three different Reynolds numbers, based on the velocity U at the body height h, of $2.4{\times}10^4$, $4.6{\times}10^4$ and $6.7{\times}10^4$, and large enough that the mean flow is effectively Reynolds number independent. The results include the measurements of the growth of the turbulent boundary layer in the wind tunnel and the surface pressure around the bodies.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-58
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• 2015

As wind flows around a sharp-edged body, the resulting separated flow becomes complicated, with multiple separations and reattachments as well as vortex recirculation. This widespread and unpredictable phenomenon has long been studied academically as well as in engineering applications. In this study, the flow characteristics around rectangular prisms with five different aspect ratios were determined through wind tunnel experiments and a detached eddy simulation, that placed the objects in a simulated deep turbulent boundary layer at $Re=4.6{\times}10^4$. A series of rectangular prisms with the same height (h = 80 mm), different longitudinal lengths (l = 0.5h, h, and 2h), or different transverse widths (w = 0.5h, h, and 2h) were employed to observe the effects of the aspect ratio. Furthermore, five wind directions ($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $45^{\circ}$) were selected to observe the effects of the wind direction. The simulated results of the surface pressure were compared to the wind tunnel experiment results and the existing results of previous papers. The vortex and spectrum were also analyzed to determine the detailed flow structure around the body. The paper also highlights the pressure distribution around the rectangular prisms with respect to the different aspect ratios. With an increasing transverse width, the surface suction pressure on the top and side surfaces becomes stronger. In addition, depending on the wind direction, the pressure coefficient experiences a large variation and can even change from a negative to a positive value on the side surface of the cube model.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.585-601
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• 2014

The effect of multiple roughness changes close to a building site was examined through three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations conducted in a virtual boundary layer wind tunnel (V-BLWT). The results obtained were compared with existing wind speed models, namely ESDU-82026 and Wang and Stathopoulos (WS) model. The latter was verified by wind tunnel tests of sixty nine cases of multiple roughness patches, and also with a simplified 2D numerical model. This work extends that numerical study to three dimensions and also models roughness elements explicitly. The current numerical study shows better agreement with the WS model, that has shown better agreements with BLWT tests, than the ESDU model. This is in contrast to previous results of Wang and Stathopoulos, who concluded that CFD shows better agreement with the ESDU model. Many cases were simulated in a V-BLWT that has same dimensions as BLWT used in the original experiment and also in a reduced symmetrical version (S-BLWT) that takes advantage of regular arrangement of roughness blocks. The S-BLWT gives results almost identical to V-BLWT simulations, while achieving significant reduction on computational time and resources.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.91-101
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• 2006

We have conducted the study about the shelter effect against the wind by using the wind fence with various porosities and the measured distance from the wind fence, in three different types of it ; (Circle wind fence, Vertical wind fence, Horizontal wind fence) The shelter effect and turbulence characteristics of the selected wind barrier is throughly investigated by wind tunnel test. flow characteristics of velocities and turbulences behind wind fence were measured using hot-wire anemometer. we characterize the turbulence behind the wind fence by varying the porosity of 0 %, 20 %, 40%, and 60%, and the distances from the wind fence from 1 H to 9 H with maintaining the uniform flow velocity of 6 m/s. In addition, we investigated the overall characterization of the wind fence by measuring total of twenty eight points on the wind fence, which forms the lattice structure on it with seven points in lateral direction and four points in vertical direction. The results of analysis from the circle wind fence indicate that the degree of the turbulence is lowered and the velocity of the wind is decreased when the porosity of 40 % are used at the distance from 3 H to 9 H. On the other hand, the vertical, horizontal wind fence with the porosity of 20% is more advantageous at the distance of 2 H to 9 H. For the effectiveness of the wind fence depending on the position, the center part is the greatest and it decreases at the edges with 10 % to 30 % less than that of at the center.