• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.261-282
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• 2017

The probabilistic information of directional extreme wind speeds is important for precisely estimating the design wind loads on structures. A new joint probability distribution model of directional extreme wind speeds is established based on observed wind-speed data using multivariate extreme value theory with the t-Copula function in the present study. At first, the theoretical deficiencies of the Gaussian-Copula and Gumbel-Copula models proposed by previous researchers for the joint probability distribution of directional extreme wind speeds are analysed. Then, the t-Copula model is adopted to solve this deficiency. Next, these three types of Copula models are discussed and evaluated with Spearman's rho, the parametric bootstrap test and the selection criteria based on the empirical Copula. Finally, the extreme wind speeds for a given return period are predicted by the t-Copula model with observed wind-speed records from several areas and the influence of dependence among directional extreme wind speeds on the predicted results is discussed.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.335-353
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• 2022

The current work numerically investigates the transient force and dynamic response of an overhead transmission tower-line structure caused by the passage of a high-speed train (HST). Taking the CRH2C HST and an overhead transmission tower-line structure as the research objects, both an HST-transmission line fluid numerical model and a transmission tower-line structure finite element model are established and validated through comparison with experimental and theoretical data. The transient force and typical dynamic response of the overhead transmission tower-line structure due to HST-induced wind are analyzed. The results show that when the train passes through the overhead transmission tower-line structure, the extreme force on the transmission line is related to the train speed with a significant quadratic function relationship. Once the relative distance from the track is more than 15 m, the train-induced force is small enough to be ignored. The extreme value of the mid-span dynamic response of the transmission line is related to the train speed and span length with a significant linear functional relationship.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.294-297
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• 2007

Steam and advection fogs are frequently observed in the Yellow Sea located between Korea and China during the periods of March-April and June-July respectively. This study uses the remote sensing (RS) data for monitoring sea fog. Meteorological data obtained from the Ieodo Ocean Research Station provided an informative synopsis for the occurrence of steam and advection fogs through a ground truth. The RS data used in this study was GOES-9, MTSAT-1R images and QuikSCAT wind data. A dual channel difference (DCD) approach using IR and near-IR channel of GOES-9 and MTSAT-1R satellites was applied to estimate the extension of the sea fog. For the days examined, it was found that not only the DCD but also the texture-related measurement and the weak wind condition are required to separate the sea fog from the low cloud. The QuikSCAT wind is used to provide a weak wind area less than threshold under stable condition of the surface wind around a fog event. The Laplacian computation for a measurement of the homogeneity was designed. A new combined method of DCD, QuikSCAT wind speed and Laplacian was applied in the twelve cases with GOES-9 and MTSAT-1R. The threshold values for DCD, QuikSCAT wind speed and Laplacian are -2.0 K, 8 m $s^{-1}$ and 0.1, respectively. The validation methods such as Heidke skill score, probability of detection, probability of false detection, true skill score and odds ratio show that the new combined method improves the detection of sea fog rather than DCD method.

• 대기
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.421-433
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• 2007

We have investigated the seasonal characteristics of surface turbulent fluxes observed at Ieodo Ocean Research Station from 2005 to 2006. Both 10Hz and 30 minutes flux data are quality controled, and tilt correction is performed in 10Hz data before quality control. The turbulent fluxes of open sea shows clear seasonal variations, though diurnal variations are barely shown. The seasonal ratio of stable and unstable conditions are closely related to the temperature difference between sea surface and air. In stable and semi-stable condition, latent and sensible heat fluxes have very small values without any relationship with wind speed. Though friction velocity shows slightly increasing trend with wind speed, it has many outliers. In unstable condition, turbulent fluxes increased with wind speed. Especially, latent heat flux increased rapidly during DJF. The latent heat flux at high wind speeds is more scatter.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1990

국내 풍하중의 합리적인 확률모형을 개발하기 위하여 전국 25개 지역에서 수집된 풍속자료를 일관성을 가지도록 측정높이, 노풍도, 측정시간등에 대한 보정을 실시하여 이용하였다. 풍하중의 활률특성에 영향을 미치는 요소로는 풍속, 풍력계수, 속도압계수, 가스트계수 등의 확률특성이 고려되었다. 풍하중을 결정하는 각종 계수들의 확률특성으로부터 풍하중의 확률특성을 분석하기 위해서 널리 이용되는 Monte Carlo Simulation기법을 이용하였다. 풍하중의 확률분포로는 풍속과 같이 Gumbel의 Type-I 극한값 분포를 적용하였으며 simulation결과에서 상부 10%만을 이용하였다. 또한 어떤 특정 구조물에 최대풍속이 가장 불리한 방향에서 발생할 확률이 낮은 것을 고려하여 감소계수 0.85를 적용하여 모형화하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

The aerodynamic loads at the blade hub and the drive shaft for 1MW horizontal axis wind turbine are calculated numerically. The geometric shape of the blade such as chord length and twist angle can be obtained fran the aerodynamic optimization procedure. Various airfoil data, that is thick airfoils at hub side and thin airfoils at tip side, are distributed along the spanwise direction of the rotor blade. Under the wind data fulfilling design load cases based on the IEC61400-1, all of the shear forces, bending moments at the hub and the low speed shaft of the drive train are obtained by using the FAST code. It shows that shear forces and bending moments have a periodic. trend. These oscillating aerodynamic loads will lead to the fatigue problem at both of the hub and drive train From the load analysis the maximum shear forces and bending moments are generated when wind turbine generator system operates in the case of the extreme speed wind condition.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2003

모형에 의한 산불의 확산 속도와 강도의 분석은 0.5 m/sec와 1 m/sec로 변화를 준 후 이러한 풍속의 변화에 따라 산불의 강도와 확산속도를 분석한 결과 풍속의 변화에 따라 산불의 확산속도와 강도가 다르게 나타나고 있으며, 불이 시작되어서 끝날 때까지의 시간은 0.5 m/sec에서는 161초, 1 m/sec에서는 146초 정도 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 산불의 확산속도는 0.5 m/sec에서는 평균 0.014 m/sec, 1 m/sec에서는 0.020 m/sec로 0.5 m/sec에 비하여 약 1,4배정도 빠르게 나타났다. 산불의 강도는 풍속 0.5 m/sec에서는 0.183 ㎾/m, 1 m/sec에서는 0.259㎾/m로 0.5m/sec에 비하여 약 1.4배정도 차이가 났으며, 속도가 빠르면 산불의 강도 또한 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용된 모형에 의한 산불확산 속도와 강조의 분석은 산불 실험을 실험실내에서 실시한 외국의 사례가 다소 있으나 외국 사례에서는 본 실험에서 제작된 것과 같은 산악형이 아니라 평지형의 모델을 이용하여 실험을 실시 한 것들이다. 본 연구에서는 우리의 실정에 맞는 산악형의 모델을 사용하고자 도면상의 실측모양으로 모형을 제작하였으나 모델의 크기가 너무 작아 임지내의 지피물을 이용한 실험을 할 수 없게 되어 외국의 사례에도 있었던 toothpick을 이용하여 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 차후의 연구에서는 다양하고 (풍속의 변이를 다양하게 주거나 임지내의 다양한 연료를 이용한 각 연료 특성에 따른 산불의 확산 형태 및 강도 분석, 연료의 수분함량 차이에 대한 분석 등) 대규모의 모형을 이용한 실험을 유도한다면 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과 보다 좀더 정밀한 산불의 확산 속도와 강도를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 실험실내의 산불의 확산속도와 강도의 분석은 산불확산 모델을 수립하기 위한 기본적인 자료를 구축하고 정밀한 예측자료에 의한 산불 발생시 진화방법의 개발 등에 대한 기본data로서의 역할을 충분히 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 풍력에너지저널
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2023

Floating LiDAR systems (FLSs) are used in many countries because they are easier to install than stationary weather towers, have low maintenance costs, and can be installed in deep sea areas. However, FLSs are rarely used in Korea due to a lack of clear evaluation criteria to verify the reliability and uncertainty of their measurements. This study is the first to verify the reliability of FLSs in Korea with one-year simultaneous observation of six lidar systems - two fixed and four floating systems - in sea areas of Gunsan and Yeonggwang. The reliability of FLSs measurement data was verified by comparison between fixed and floating systems. Moreover, differences between existing wind resource maps and the data observed from the six points were analyzed and wind resource maps were calibrated. The results show a return rate of more than 95 % of the observed data and strong correlations between fixed and floating systems (average R2 of 0.977). Additionally, errors in wind speed predictions to produce a wind resource map could be significantly reduced from 5.7 % to 0.6 % after calibrations with the observation data.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 이중여자 유도발전기의 회전자에 back to back 컨버터가 채용된 가변속 풍력터빈 시스템의 모델링과 해석을 나타내었다. 제어시스템의 특성을 파악하기 위해서 시뮬레이션에서는 Psim 프로그램을 사용하여 660[kW] 의 출력정격을 갖는 시스템을 모델로 하였다. 모델링에서는 블레이드 제어 시스템 모델과 회전자와 계통선에 연결된 컨버터 시스템을 모델링 하였다. 풍속의 변화에 따라 원하는 출력을 얻을 수 있도록 피치각을 제어하여 정격풍속 이하에서도 최대출력이 발생하도록 하였고, 정격풍속 이상에서는 회전자 속도를 일정하게 하여 정격출력을 유지할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 무효전력을 제어하여 출력의 역률을 제어하였다. 제안한 해석방법의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 풍속변화에 따른 모델 시스템의 시뮬레이션 결과 값들과 제주행원 풍력발전 단지에서 운용되고 있는 V47 660[kW] 시스템의 실측 결과들과 서로 비교 검증하여 제안한 해석 방법의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2006

Experiments were conducted to estimate the performance of drag force type vertical axis wind turbine with an opening-shutting rotor. It was operated by the difference in drag force generated on both sides of the blades. The rotational speed was measured by a tachometer in a wind tunnel and the tunnel wind speed was measured by using a pilot-static tube and a micro manometer. The performance test for a prototype was accomplished by calculating power, power coefficient, torque coefficient from the measurement of torque and rpm by a dynamometer controller. Various design parameters, such as the number of blades(B), blade aspect ratio(W/R), angle of blades$(\alpha)$ and drag coefficient acting on a blade, were considered for optimal conditions. At the experiment of miniature model, maximum efficiency was found at N=15, $\alpha=60^{\circ}$ and W/R=0.32. The measured test variables were power, torque, rotational speed, and wind speeds. The data presented are in the form of power and torque coefficients as a function of tip-speed ratio V/U. Maximum power was found in case of $\Omega=0.33$, when the power and torque coefficient were 0.14 and 0.37 respectively. Comparing model test with prototype test, similarity law by advance ratio for vertical axis wind turbine was confirmed.