• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.746-750
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• 2003

Cheonghunhwadam-tang have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo by wind, fire and phlegm. CHT Gamypang(CTG) was CHT adding Aurantii Fructus(AF). The effects of CTG on the regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) is not known. The mechanical Study of CTG on the cerebral hemodynamics is not known too. Therefore, purpose of this Study was to investigate effects of CTG on the rCBF and MABP, mechanism of CTG on the cerebral hemodynamics in rats. The changes of rCBF and BP was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF). The results were as follows ; CTG extract was significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but the change of MABP was not shown. Pretreatment with propranolol(3mg/kg, i.v.) was significantly increased CTG(10 mg/kg, i.v.) induced decrease of rCBF. Pretreatment with indomethacin(3mg/kg, i.v.) and methylene blue(10㎍/kg, i.v.) were increased CTG induced decrease of rCBF too. This results suggest that the mechanism of CTG is mediated by adrenergic β - receptor, guanylate cyclase and cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.115-134
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• 2003

Recently, there are many cases in the roadway design for successive tunnel with small distance between two tunnels. In this case, the degree of interference for successive tunnels is a significant consideration in the design of ventilation systems. Also, Re-inflows of contaminated air in successive tunnel make serious ventilation problems in case of fire accident in the tunnel. In this study, for successive tunnels in Donghae highway project, the concentration of contaminant such as CO, NOx and Smoke were calculated by numerical analysis using 1D and 3D-CFD analysis. And, the rate of re-inflow at the portals of successive tunnel according to the direction of wind were analysed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.22-39
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification for chronic cough, which will be applied to clinical research. Methods : The items and structures of the instrument were based on reviews of textbooks and published literature. The advisor committee on this study consisted of 11 Korean respiratory internal medicine professors, one clinical fellow, and five clinicians with 10 years of experience. The questionnaire, which includes the signs and symptoms of chronic cough, was studied by the delphi method. Delphi examination was carried out via email, through evaluating the importance of symptoms included in each pattern. Results : We divided the pattern identification of chronic cough into five patterns: Wind-Cold, Phlegm-Turbidity, Liver-Fire, Lung Deficiency, and Kidney Yang Deficiency. By the Delphi method and a score evaluation, 38 items were chosen for pattern identification of chronic cough. Conclusions : Through this study, we created a Korean instrument for the pattern identification tool for chronic cough. We expect to apply this tool to subsequent research as its validity and reliability are further confirmed.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2003

From the study of the symptom, pathology in prescription of Ha-Tong from The Bangyakhapeun. I have reserched 163 prescription. It can be concluded as follows. 1. Prescription about Fecal disease which was the most as 11.66% of the whole, following order Internal disease(6.75%), Uterus Disease(5.52%) Sick-by-Cold Disease(5.52%), Eye Disease(4.91%), Blood Disease(4.91%), Unbalanced humoral status Disease(4.91%), Gynecologic Disease(4.91%). 2. The Fecal Disease divide diarrhea and dysentery; The Internal Disease divides with Sik-sang(食傷) Chu-sang(酒傷), Sik-juck-yu-sang-han(食積類傷寒), Carbonic acid, Vomiting acid; The Uterus Disease divides with Urinnary Disadvantage, Urinary retention, Incontinence; The Sick-by-Cold Disease divides with yang-myung-byung(陽明病), sang-han-goi-jng(傷寒壞證), sang-han-bun-gal(傷寒煩渴), sang-han-sum-ou, sang-han-hyul-jng(傷寒血證), sang-han-ja-ri(傷寒自利), sang-han-bun-jo-jng(傷寒煩燥證). 3. The Diarrhea and Dysentery many used o-ryung-san, hwng-gum-jak-yak-tang(黃芩芍藥湯) hyang-ryun-hwan(香連丸) etc, and The Internal Disease many used pyung-we-san(平胃散) as a basic prescripton. 4. The organ problem use the Sil-yuol(實熱) of the liver, stomach, lung, uterus, small intestine; six natural factors problem used the Sil-jng(實證) of the wind, fire, heat, cold, dampness; And used Unbalanced humoral status, lntrnal hurt, qi and blood, seven extream feeling.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.212-232
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• 1994

I selected the theory of blood stasis and wetness-phlegm among the major 4 causes of Joong Poong(C.V.A.)(wind. fire. deficiency of vital energy and wetness-phlegm) and recent etiology of blood stasis. An experimental studies were done to investigate the effects of Danggieum (removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation) and Ijintang(dissipating wetness-phlegm) on thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity. The results were as follows; 1. The number of platelets were significantly increased in only Danggieum group. 2. Related to the amount of fibrinogen. only Danggieum group revealed some increase. but both groups revealed no significance. 3. Related to the prothrombin time. Danggieum and Ijintang groups had significant decrease. but Danggieum group revealed more significance. 4. Related to the degree of concentration of FDP, only Danggieum group had significant decrease. 5. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in lower shear rates. both groups of Danggieum and Ijintang had significant decrease. 6. Related to the amount of RBC. both groups of Danggieum and Ijintang had significant decrease. 7. Related to the change of hematocrit. only Danggieum group, and the change of hemoglobin. only Ijintang group had significant decrease. 8. Related to the change of body temperature. only Ijintang group had significant raise. 9. Related to the changes of WBC. glucose, albumin, total protein and body weight. Danggieum and Ijintang groups had each increase or decrease. but no significance. According to the above results, Danggieum had more significant effect than Ijintang on the thrombosis. and Ijintang had more significant effect than Danggieum on the elevated blood viscosity. And it is considered that it might be more effective in treating Joong-Poong(C.V.A) to take medicines regarding patient's constitution and symptoms as well as the causes of Joong-Poong(C.V.A)

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2020

Objectives : The aim of this paper is to compare the mechanisms of the OP/LB method and the SSD treatment in 『Piweilun』. Methods : Wenbing texts, articles on the OP/LB method, and the 『Piweilun』 was examined for comparison of treatment mechanisms of SSD. Results : The mechanism of the OP/LB method in treating SSD was to treat the Spleen and Stomach separately, to restore the ascending/descending pattern of qi through simultaneous use of pungent and bitter flavors which raises and lowers, respectively. Moreover, the use of medicinals with contrary properties regulate the other's biased nature, and none of the medicinals create dampness. The pungent and bitter flavors play central roles, where the pungent flavor opens and communicates and the bitter flavor clears and lowers. The treatment method of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 treat the Spleen and Stomach together, with a focus on raising and dispersing through upraising yang and reinforcing qi by means of Wind medicinals with pungent and bitter flavors added to sweet and warm medicinals. Conclusions : Owing to the expansion of the OP/LB method concept by modern-contemporary scholars, the potential for treating SSD as can be seen in the 『Piweilun』 with the OP/LB method has emerged. The similarity between the OP/LB method and treatment of SSD in the 『Piweilun』 is that the objective of the formulas is to lower fire heat and communicate qi to help qi movement. This common objective allows for treatment of SSD within Wenbing and those in 『Piweilun』 with the said formulas through appropriate modification fit for each situation.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.12A
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• pp.1171-1180
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• 2010

In wireless sensor networks, reliable event detection is one of the most important research issues. For the reliable event detection, previous works usually assume the events are only individual objects such as tanks and soldiers. Recently, many researches focus on detection of continuous objects such as wild fire and bio-chemical material, but they merely aim at methods to reduce communication costs. Hence, we propose a reliable continuous object detection scheme. However, it might not be trivial. Unlike individual objects that could be referred as a point, a continuous object is shown in a dynamic two-dimensional diagram since it may cover a wide area and it could dynamically alter its own shape according to physical environments, e.g. geographical conditions, wind, and so on. Hence, the continuous object detection reliability can not be estimated by the indicator for individual objects. This paper newly defines the reliability indicator for continuous object detection and proposes an error recovery mechanism relying on the estimation result from the new indicator.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.226-252
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• 2002

The results of a literature study about the comparison of Oriental-Occidental medicine on the Atopic dennatitis were as follows. 1. In Oriental medicine, Atopic dermatitis belongs to the category of the Naesun(내선), Taeryumchang(胎斂瘡), Eczema(濕疹), Chimumchang(浸淫瘡). In Occidental medicine, the other names of Atopic dermatitis are allergic eczema, IgE dermatitis, flexual eczema etc. 2. In Oriental medicine, the definition of atopic dermatitis includes chang(瘡), sun(선), and pung(風). Occidental medicine, is one of the intrinsic eczema classifications. In fact eczema term circumscribes dermatitis in atopic patients. 3. In Oriental medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis arose from the state of cogenital defect(稟賦不足), internal accumulation of damp and heat(濕熱內蘊) at first, and then invaded pathogenic wind, damp, heat factors again, and combined endo-exoteric pathogenic factors. So it appears in skin. In Occidental medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis approaches in genetic, allergic and immunologic, pharmacophysioloic aspects. It is only a hypothesis but there is no known facts about radical aetiology. 4. In Oriental medicine, differentiation of syndromes classifies manifestation aspects, etiology and pathogenesis, and invasion period. In Occidental medicine, it divides into an invasion period, and clinical aspect etc. 5. In Oriental medicine, Internal theraphys of Atopic dermatitis are decoction of ingredients(湯劑), pills(丸), and tablet(片). So, it prescribes as treatments on the ground of differentition of syndrome. In Occidental medicine, there is no radical therapy because Atopic dispositions don't change. But steroid, antihistamine as symptomatic tre atments are generally used in Occidental medicine. 6. In Oriental medicine, external therapies are wet dressings(濕敷), lotion(洗劑), powder(散劑), adhesive plasters(膏劑), oil(油劑), smoking(烟薰法), warm over fire therapy(熱烘療法), acupunture and moxibustion therapy(鍼灸療法).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-43
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• 2000

This study on the conception of Pyo Bon expressed in Hwang Jae Nai Kyung was summarized as follows: 1. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Yi Jung Byun Gi Lon(移精變氣論) and Tang Eak Yo Le Lon(湯液료醴論) of So Moon(素問) is that Pyo means the doctor and Bon means the disease. The Pyo Bon of this chapter has a meaning of time, namely first and last. 2. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Soo Yul Hyul Lon(水熱穴論) of So Moon is that Pyo means the lung and Bon means the kidney. The Pyo Bon of this chapter has a meaning of space, namely the upper and lower sides. 3. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Pyo Bon Byung Jun Lon(標本病傳論) of So Moon is that Pyo means a earlier disease and Bon means a later disease. The Pyo Bon of this chapter has a meaning of time, namely first and last. 4. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Chun Won Gi Dae Lon(天元紀大論), Yug Mi Ji Dae Lon(六微旨大論) and Ji Jin Yo Dae Lon(至眞要大論) of So Moon is that Pyo means a Yug Gi(六氣), namely wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, fire and Bon means a Sam Eum Sam Yang(三陰三陽), The Pyo Bon of this chapter includes a meaning of time and space. 5. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Sa Jun(師傳) of Yung Chu(靈樞) is that Pyo means a inside of the body and Bon means a outside of the body. The Pyo Bon of this chapter a meaning of space, namely the inside and outside. 6. The conception of Pyo Bon in the Wi Gi(衛氣) of Yung Chu is that Pyo means the end of limbs and Bon means the part of head, face, chest, abdomen, back. The Pyo Bon of this chapter has a meaning of space, namely center and circumference.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.159-184
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• 1997

A Literature study on the language disturbance, the results are as follows; 1. Utterance was closely concerned not only the vocal organs(pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, lips, tongue, vocal cord etc,) but also five viscera{especially heart, lung, kidney etc.) in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine. It is very like the vocal mechanism in Medical science. 2. In the language disturbance, It is classified with dysarthria and dysphasia in Medical science. But in Oriental medicine, it is expressed the language disturbance as coma-speech lessness, stiff tongue-speechlessness, frightening-speechlessness etc. Especially in Oriental medicine, Non-utterance is called aphasia in literature study. 3. In the concern of the language disturbance and five viscera, $Heart{\cdot}Lung{\cdot}Kidney$ are counted of first importence. In differential diagnosis, It is divided sthenia-syndrome and asthenia-syndrome. Sthenia-syndrome is classified with wind-cold, fire-evil, adverseness of vital energy, stagnation of phlegm, is easy to cure. Asthenia-syndrome is classified with sexual desire, anxiety-meditation, fear, is hard to cure. 4. The pathogenesis of dysphasia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid caused by lung-dryness and yin-dificiency of lung & kidney. The second disease caused by exogenous evjls is sluggishness of lung-energy. 5. In many using points of acupuncture of the language disturbance, the order is LI-4(合谷), H-7(神門), K-l(湧泉), L-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), S-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), G-15(아門), C-23(廉泉), S-40(豊降), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.