• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.36 no.5_3
• /
• pp.1125-1137
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to propose the method of linking satellite image-based forest fire data to supplement the limitation of forest fire survey data that records only the ignition location and area of forest fire. For this purpose, a method was derived to link the fire survey data provided by the Korea Forest Service between January 2012 and December 2019 with MODIS and VIIRS image-based forest fire data. As a result, MODIS and VIIRS-based forest fire data out of 191 wildfires in the forest fire survey data were able to identify 11% and 44% of fire damage area, respectively. An average of 56% of forest damage area was extracted from VIIRS-based forest fire data compared to forest fire areas identified by high-resolution Sentinel-2A satellites. Therefore, for large-scale forest fires, VIIRS wildfire data can be used to compensate for the limitations of forest fire survey data that records only the ignition location and area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2010

Depending on the progress of the surveying and information processing technology, the rapidly developing field of spatial information and the 3D real world spatial information for a variety of content on the computer was able to easily access. In this research, to study on the spot or to use aerial photographs to measure trees of the acquired data, calculate the trees height, forest area and capacity, determine the distribution of the density of acquired points in the forest and analyze accurate and objective information was acquired. The United States, Canada and so on through the capacity of trees biomass, forest resource analysis, time series monitoring, wildfire behavior modeling and applied research and has been declared. During worldwide is increasing interest in forest resources. In nationally, extensive research and analysis of the forest consists of the correct management and protection of forest resources to be effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.13-33
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for establishing the management and restoration plan by objective surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Seoak District, Gyeongju National Park, Korea. The flora summarized as 411 taxa including 92 families, 285 genera, 363 species, 2 subspecies, 41 varieties and 5 forms. The rare plants designated by Korea Forest Service were 2 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia and Potentilla discolor. The Korean endemic plants were 3 taxa including Philadelphus schrenkii, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Asplenium sarelii, Pyrrosia petiolosa, Vitex negundo var. incisa and so forth. The target plants adaptable to climate change were 2 taxa including Lespedeza maritima and Carpesium macrocephalum, and the plants with approval for delivering oversea were 4 taxa including Exochorda serratifolia, Glycine soja, Lespedeza maritima and Weigela subsessilis. The naturalized plants were 51 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Viola papilionacea, Lamium purpureum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola. NI(Naturalized Index) was 12.4% of all 411 taxa of surveyed flora in this study and UI(Urbanized Index) was 15.9% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants in Korea. Potentilla discolor in rare plant, Philadelphus schrenkii in endemic plant and Dictamnus dasycarpus in specific plant were established the conservation plan. Whereas, invasive alien plants such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola should be removed as soon as possible. The damaged sites in Seoak District were divided between wildfire area and farmland. To restore a forest fire site, we will have to apply a natural renewal and community planting. In case of farmland, we will have to do ecological planting using native species and constrcut a forest wetland.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.25-37
• /
• 2013

Open biomass burning (excluding biofuels) is an important contributor to air pollution in the Asian region. Estimation of emissions from fires, however, has been problematic, primarily because of uncertainty in the size and location of sources and in their temporal and spatial variability. Hence, more comprehensive tools to estimate wildfire emissions and that can characterize their temporal and spatial variability are needed. Furthermore, an emission processing system that can generate speciated, gridded, and temporally allocated emissions is needed to support air-quality modeling studies over Asia. For these reasons, a biomass-burning emissions modeling system based on satellite imagery was developed to better account for the spatial and temporal distributions of emissions. The BlueSky Framework, which was developed by the USDA Forest Service and US EPA, was used to develop the Asian biomass-burning emissions modeling system. The sub-models used for this study were the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS), CONSUME, and the Emissions Production Model (EPM). Our domain covers not only Asia but also Siberia and part of central Asia to assess the large boreal fires in the region. The MODIS fire products and vegetation map were used in this study. Using the developed modeling system, biomass-burning emissions were estimated during April and July 2008, and the results were compared with previous studies. Our results show good to fair agreement with those of GFEDv3 for most regions, ranging from 9.7 % in East Asia to 52% in Siberia. The SMOKE modeling system was combined with this system to generate three-dimensional model-ready emissions employing the fire-plume rise algorithm. This study suggests a practicable and maintainable methodology for supporting Asian air-quality modeling studies and to help understand the impact of air-pollutant emissions on Asian air quality.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.310-315
• /
• 1989

Tabtoxin produced in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabace irreversibly inhibits its known physiological target, glutamine synthetase so that causes wildfire disease on leaves of host plant. In this study, we examined a rapid and sensitive microbiological method for tabtoxin assay in several media. In minimal A agar medium nd minimal glucose agar medium, growth inhibition zone of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was larger than that of other indicator strain. However, mostly, growth inhibition zone of indicator strains on the minimal glucose agar medium was smaller than that of on the miniaml A agar medium. In complex agar medium, growth inhibithiton zone was not observed in all the tested indicator strains. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci produced more tabtoxin according to the incubation time. When glutamine was added to the minimal glucose agar medium, growth inhkbition zone of Agrobacterium tumefaciens was reduced.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.330-341
• /
• 2017

Tropical forests play a key role for functioning of the planet and maintenance of life. These forests support more than half of the world's species, serve as regulators of global and regional climate, act as carbon sinks and provide valuable ecosystem services. Forest floor biomass and litterfall dynamics was measured in different sites influenced by fire in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Bhoramdeo wildlife sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India. The forest floor biomass was collected randomly placed quadrats while the litterfall measured by placing stone-block lined denuded quadrat technique. The seasonal mean total forest floor biomass across the fire regimes varied from $2.00-3.65t\;ha^{-1}$. The total litterfall of the study sites varied from $4.75-7.56t\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Annual turnover of litter varied from 70-74% and the turnover time between 1.35-1.43 years. Monthly pattern of forest floor biomass indicated that partially decayed litter, wood litter and total forest floor were differed significantly. The seasonal variation showed that leaf fall differed significantly in winter season only among the fire regimes while the wood litter was found non significant in all the season. This study shows that significant variation among the site due to the forest fire. Decomposition is one of the ecological processes critical to the functioning of forest ecosystems. The decomposing wood serves as a saving account of nutrients and organic materials in the forest floor. Across the site, high fire zone was facing much of the deleterious effects on forest floor biomass and litter production. Control on such type of wildfire and anthropogenic ignition could allow the natural recovery processes to enhance biological diversity. Chronic disturbances do not provide time for ecosystem recovery; it needs to be reduced for ecosystem health and maintaining of the high floral and faunal biodiversity.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2019

Detecting wildfire using only color in image information is a very difficult issue. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect forest fire area by analyzing color and motion of the area in the video including forest fire. The proposed algorithm removes the background region using the Gaussian Mixture based background segmentation algorithm, which does not depend on the lighting conditions. In addition, the RGB channel is changed to an HSV channel to extract flame candidates based on color. The extracted flame candidates judge that it is not a flame if the area moves while labeling and tracking. If the flame candidate areas extracted in this way are in the same position for more than 2 minutes, it is regarded as flame. Experimental results using the implemented algorithm confirmed the validity.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.6_3
• /
• pp.1861-1869
• /
• 2022

Recent climate change can increase the frequency and damage of wildfires worldwide. It can also lead to the deterioration of the forest ecosystem and increase casualties and economic loss. Satellite-based indices for forest damage can facilitate an objective and rapid examination of burned areas and help analyze inaccessible places like North Korea. In this letter, we conducted a detection of burned areas in North Korea using the traditional Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to represent vegetation vitality, and the Fire Burn Index (FBI) and Forest Withering Index (FWI) that were recently developed. Also, we suggested a strategy for the satellite-based detection of burned areas in the Korean Peninsula as a result of comparing the four indices. Future work requires the examination of small-size wildfires and the applicability of deep learning technologies.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyse the hazard risk by examining the magnitude and severity of each type of hazard in order to mitigate and prepare for disasters in medical facilities. Methods: The hazard risk analysis for hazard types was surveyed for team leaders of medical facilities. The questionnaire analyzed data from 27 facilities, which were returned from 41 Local Medical Centers. Results: When looking at the 'Risk' by category type of hazard, the influence of health safety and fire/energy safety comes first, followed by natural disaster, facility safety, and crime safety. On the other hand, as for 'Magnitude', facility safety and crime safety come first, followed by health safety, fire/energy safety, and natural disasters. Most of the top types of disaster judged to have high hazard in medical facilities are health types. The top five priorities of hazard in medical facilities, they are affected by the geographical and industrial conditions of the treatment area. In the case of cities, the hazard was found to be high in the order of infectious disease, patient surge, and wind and flood damage. On the other hand, in rural areas, livestock diseases and infectious diseases showed the highest hazard. In the case of forest areas, the hazard was high in the order of wildfire, fire accident, lightning, tide, earthquake, and landslide, whereas in coastal areas of industrial complexes, the hazard was high due to fire, landslide, water pollution, marine pollution, and chemical spill accident. Implications: Through the research, standards will be established for the design of hospitals with disaster preparedness, and will contribute to the preparation of preemptive measures in terms of maintenance.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2019

Humans have been important driver to reconfigure the terrestrial surface of the Earth by altering its morphology and processes. The effect of human activities on the physical landscape, however, shows substantially uneven geographical patterns. Most of anthrogemorphoogical studies regarding human-induced denudation have focused on areas with a long history of human modifications such as humid landscapes, so the hypothesis is naturally a great human impact on landscapes. The effect of human activities on dryland Earth surfaces are far less commonly studied, although erosion is one of major concerns in arid and semi-arid region regarding land and water quality degradation. The urban metropolis of Phoenix, Arizona, USA provides an opportunity to explore the impact of the Anthropocene. The Phoenix metropolitan area rests on classic desert landforms, such as extensive pediments, alluvial fans and sand sheets. Human activities including cattle crazing, wildfire resulting from introduced grass species by human, and recent urbanization processes have impacted these classic desert landforms and altered geomorphic processes. The purpose of this paper, therefore, rests in examining Anthropocene in the geomorphology of the north-central Sonoran Desert. The objectives of this paper are: i) to understand the impact of the Anthropocene on the geomorphological processes and forms through field observations; ii) to quantify the magnitude of human impacts on landscape using a published two-decade long record of erosion dataset and natural background erosion dataset in submitted manuscript at the sprawling edge of the Phoenix metropolitan region; iii) to examine how geomorphic outcome can affect the sustainability of cities through the estimation of sediment yield under the condition of urban sprawl.