• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2010

Overall composition, and fatty acid, amino acid, and nucleotide-type compound levels in wild (Haliotis gigantea) and cultured abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), were investigated. Wild abalone had a higher moisture content than did cultured abalone, but the converse was true for crude protein content. In overall composition, crude lipid level was higher in the viscera than in the meat, with the greatest level, $2.02{\pm}0.15%$ (w/w), observed in the viscera of wild abalone. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), eicosatrienoic acid (20:3n-3, ETA), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA). The omega-3 fatty acid content (EPA and DHA) was higher in wild than in cultured abalone. A total of 17 amino acids were detected in all abalone samples, most of which had high levels of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and arginine, and low amounts of cysteine, methionine, and histidine. Glutamic acid was the most abundant of all amino acids. The content of free amino acids was related to taste score. The major free amino acids were taurine, alanine, and arginine, of which taurine was the most abundant, and was present at higher levels in wild compared to cultured abalone. The total contents of nucleotide-related compounds in wild and cultured abalone were 12.93 mg/100g and 30.75 mg/100g, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.601-605
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• 2003

This study investigated the effect of dietary pigment sources on growth and shell color of juvenile abalone(Haliotis discus hannai). Three replicate groups of the abalone (average weight 173 mg) were fed diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin, and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina approached the yellow-red and orange, colors similar to wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to the bright green control group. These results should be useful for changing the shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary pigment sources on shell color of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three replicate groups of the abalone, average weight 173 mg, were fed the diets containing various pigment sources such as Porphyra powder, Spirulina, yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract for 16 weeks. Survival and weight gain were not affected by dietary pigment sources (P>0.05). Shell color of abalone fed diets containing Porphyra powder and Spirulina was approached to yellow-red and orange which are similar to shell color of wild abalone. However, shell color of abalone fed the diets containing yeast astaxanthin and paprika extract were similar to that of control diet showing bright green. Porphyra powder and Spirulina contain not only fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll and carotenoids but also water-soluble pigment such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin. These results would be useful information to change shell color of abalone in aquaculture.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2010

Pacific abalone Haliotis discus discus is an important fisheries resource in Jeju, Korea. For basic information about its current genetic status in relation to stock enhancement, the level and distribution of genetic variation between wild and released stocks of Pacific abalone in Jeju were examined at nine cross-species microsatellite markers including the use of two novel primers. High levels of polymorphism were observed between the two populations. A total of 146 different alleles were found at all loci, with some alleles being unique. The allelic variability ranged from five to 27 in the wild population and from four to 16 in the released sample. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated to be 0.74 and 0.84 in the wild sample and 0.70 and 0.78 in the released sample, respectively. Although a considerable loss of rare alleles was observed in the released sample, no statistically significant reductions were found in heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the released sample compared to the wild population. Low but significant genetic differentiation was found between the wild and released populations. These results suggest that the intensive breeding practices for stock enhancement may have resulted in a further decrease in genetic diversity, and that the cross-species microsatellite markers used in this study represent a potentially efficient means for further genetic studies, providing beneficial information for the protection and management of H. discus discus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.466-470
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• 2008

Microsatellite DNA markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai collected from six locations (Uljin, Ulsan, Daechon, Taean, Wando, and Yosu) where hatchery-produced abalone have been released intensively. There was no distinguishable difference in the observed and expected heterozygosities between the six populations and a cultured population. However, there was a difference in the number of alleles per locus: 12.8 for the cultured population and 13.8 to 15.8 for the six populations. The proportion of stocked abalone ranged from 41.1 to 92.7% for wild-caught populations with a decreasing tendency of alleles per locus for an increasing proportion of stocked abalone. A departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) assessed using the Markov chain procedure (P<0.05) was observed in the six populations and cultured population at loci Hdh145 and Hdh5l2. The pairwise Fst test (P<0.05) showed a significant difference between the Uljin and Ulsan populations and four remaining populations (Wando, Daechon, Yosu, and the cultured population), among which the Wando population differed less than the other three populations (Daechon, Yosu, and the cultured population).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.738-744
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• 2017

Effect of dietary inclusion of microalgae, diatom-dominant, oil extracts (MOE) on growth, body composition and shell color of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus was investigated. One thousand four hundred and seventy juvenile abalone were distributed into 21 plastic rectangular containers. Seven experimental diets were prepared: MOE0, MOE0.01, MOE0.05, MOE0.1, MOE0.5, MOE1 and MOE2 diets containing MOE at the concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2% at the expense of mixture of squid liver and soybean oils, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone in triplicate once a day with a little leftover for 16 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of abalone fed the MOE1 and MOE2 diets were higher than those of abalone fed the all other diets. The shell length and soft body weight of abalone fed the MOE2 diet were longer and heavier than those of abalone fed the all other diets. Crude protein and ash content of the soft body of abalone were affected by dietary inclusion of MOE. The shell color of abalone fed the all experimental diets was different from that of wild abalone. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of MOE improved growth of abalone, but did not shell color of abalone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 1990

To analyze wedding feast dishes of royal prince (1651, 1696) of Choson Dynasty, studied Gare Dogam Euigwae. Historic book 'Gare Dogam Euigwae' discribed wedding feast dishes of king‘s Choson Dynasty. The results obtained from this study are as follows. Dishes were arranged in four kinds of table, the first one called the main table, the second the right side table, the third the left side table, the fourth the confronting side table. Dishes of main table were oil and honey pastry, and fruits (pine nuts, orange, dried persimmon, torreya nuts, dried chestnut, jujube). Dishes of the second table and the third table were oil and honey pastry, and small cake made of honey and rice with patterns pressed in it. Dishes of the fourth table were cooked vegetable (wild ginseng, platy-codon, radish, white gourd melon, ginger), dried slices of meat seasoned with spices (abalone, octopus, shark, pheasant), cooked meat (wild goose, fowl, egg, pheasant, abalone), and fried fish (roe deer, fish, duck, pigeon, sparrow). The main table (同牢大宴床) and the second table (右挾床) stand as a symbol for integrity. The third table (左挾床) symbolize longerity. The fourth table (面挾床) symbolize bearing many young and connubial felicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.232-238
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• 2010

The moving ranges and behavior of four wild abalones, Haliotis discus hannai, were measured by an acoustic telemetry technique. The shape of the sea bottom of the experimental area was surveyed by a bathymetry system and three self-recording type acoustic receivers were used for monitoring the behavior and measuring the movement range. The abalones (WA1-WA4) attached acoustic tags were released and measured the movement during ten months. Three abalones (WA1, WA3 and WA4) were successively detected around the released point during the experiment and were moved to the V2 area where water depth is deeper than the V1 area. The change of inhabitation depth was also detected from the depth sensor of WA4. As the result, abalones were moved to deeper water area accordance with the decrease of the water temperature. The moved ranges of abalones were approximately 200 - 400m from the release point.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.197-201
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic characteristics of wild population of Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai in Dokdo island. We used six polymorphic microsatellite marker to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. The loci Hdh1321 and Hdh512 had the highest number of allele (34 and 22 respectively) and loci Hdh145 and Awb083 had the lowest (5 and 7 respectively). The mean number of allele per locus was 14.8. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.664 and 0.824 respectively, and the average $F_{IS}$ was 0.195. We compared the population genetic parameters of Dokdo population with previously published data of the same species. At the result, the parewise $F_{ST}$ test showed significant difference between the Dokdo population and six populations (published data), suggesting that the genetic relationship of Dokdo population was separated from six populations.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.690-702
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• 2009

Liparis tessellatus(cubed snailfish), Hemitripterus villosus(shaggy sea raven), Ligularia fischeri, and Cirsiu setidens, which are staple products in Samcheok, were studied as food resources for the development of a representative local menu. Thus, their nutritional compositions were analyzed, and the resulting values were used to assess the nutritional characteristics of the newly-developed menu. In Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, the organic components including protein and fat tended to be lower than the corresponding values referred to as the 'Seventh Revision Food Composition Table' (2006), which was presumably linked to the spawning period of the fish. The contents of Zn, Cu, and Mg, which are nutritionally important even though the consumption of these minerals by Koreans is not sufficient, were determined to 0.5, 0.2, and 34.3 mg/100 g for Ligularia fischeri, and 26.2, 1.1, and 147.7 mg/100 g for dried Cirsiu setidens. Cirsiu setidens cultivated in Samcheok contained noticeably higher amounts of calcium, zinc, and iron, and its calcium level was more than an order of magnitude higher than that provided by the Food Composition Table. This might be associated with the fact of that Samcheok is abundant in lime which consists of calcium-containing inorganic materials. n-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) accounted for 21% and 13% of the total fatty acids, for Liparis tessellatus and Hemitripterus villosus, respectively, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and alanine for both fish. One of the newly developed menus, Cirsiu setidens hae-jang-gook, was nutritionally superior to the corresponding menu that used dried radish leaves, a typical ingredient in hae-jang-gook, in terms of the protein, iron, and zinc contents. Rice pottage cooked with Liparis tessellatus instead of abalone was high in protein, calcium, iron and zinc, where one serving provided 29.1, 15.4, 31.0, and 27.8% of their Reference Intake (RI)s, respectively.