• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2023

이 연구는 초·중등 학생의 극지 소양 함양을 위해 개발된 극지 소양 교육 프로그램을 적용한 효과를 평가하고, 기후 변화 대응 교육을 위한 시사점을 도출하기 위해 수행되었다. Polar-ICE 단체가 정립한 7가지 극지 소양 원리를 중심으로 개발한 모듈식 프로그램 중 과학개념을 강조한 프로그램과 인문학과 사회학적 쟁점을 강조한 프로그램 등 두 과정에 적합한 세부 프로그램을 선정해서 구조화했다. 이들 두 가지 프로그램은 서울 소재 대학 과학교육과에서 주최한 토요 과학교실에서 초등학생과 중학생 26명에게 약 69시간에 걸쳐 적용되었다. 26명의 학생을 세 집단으로 나누어 두 집단에게는 각각 극지 소양을 위한 과학 교육 프로그램과 인문 사회학적 쟁점 교육 프로그램을 실시했고, 나머지 한 집단은 극지 소양과 관련 없는 일반 과학 교육을 적용하여 대조군이 되었다. 프로그램을 적용하기 전후에 세 집단의 학생들은 모두 동일하게 극지 소양 검사와 극지에 대한 연상 단어와 장면을 진술하는 설문에 응답했다. 검사 결과는 비모수검정 방법인 Wilcoxon의 대응쌍 부호순위로 나타내어 프로그램 적용 전후의 향상도를 비교했다. 연구 결과 인지적 측면에서 실험군과 대조군 모두 지식 측면에서 프로그램 적용 후 향상이 나타났으나 실험군이 대조군 보다 향상의 정도가 더 컸으며, 명시적으로 다룬 내용이나 소재에서 특히 분명한 차이를 나타냈다. 정의적 측면에서 프로그램 전후의 차이는 그다지 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 인문 사회학적 쟁점을 다루었던 집단은 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 극지 심상의 변화는 실험 집단인 두 집단이 대조 집단에 비해 단조로운 이미지에서 좀 더 다양한 이미지로 분산되는 경향이 보였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 극지 소양 원리 과학 교육 프로그램의 효과를 높이기 위해 유의할 점, 과학적 사고를 함양하고 지구계 교육에 도움이 되는 소재로 활용할 필요성, 극지에 대한 태도를 향상하기 위한 방안, 기후 위기 대응을 준비하는 학교 교육 과정과의 연계 등의 시사점을 제안했다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This laboratory study assessed the effect of different dentin cleaning procedures on shear bond strength of resin cements for recementing prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A $4{\times}4$ flat surface was prepared on the labial surface of 52 maxillary central incisors. Metal frames ($4{\times}4{\times}1.5mm$) were cast with nickel-chromium alloy. All specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups to be cemented with either Panavia F2.0 (P) or RelyX Ultimate (U) cement. The initial shear bond strength was recorded by Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Debonded specimens were randomly allocated into 2 subgroups (n = 13) according to the dentin cleaning procedures for recementation. The residual cement on bonded dentin surfaces was eliminated with either pumice slurry (p) or tungsten carbide bur (c). The restorations were rebonded with the same cement and were subjected to shear test. Data failed the normality test (P < .05), thus were analyzed with Mann Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and two-way ANOVA after logarithmic transformation (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The initial shear bond strength of group P was significantly higher than group U (P = .001). Pc and Uc groups presented higher bond strength after recementation compared to the initial bond strength. However, it was significant only in Pc group (P = .034). CONCLUSION. The specimens recemented with Panavia F2.0 provided higher bond strength than RelyX Ultimate cement. Moreover, a tungsten carbide bur was a more efficient method in removing the residual resin cement and increased the bond strength of Panavia F2.0 cement after recementation.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of enneagram group counseling program on self-identification and depression in nursing college students. Three groups, categorized by how the students solve their conflicts, were selected to identify changes from the program. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group and pre posttest design was used. Participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=30) or control group (n=33). The experimental group participated in enneagram group counseling program for 38 hours through eight sessions covering four different topics. Collected data were analyzed using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Total self-identity score for the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups for depression scores. The Assertive and Compliant groups demonstrated significant change in self-identification while the Withdrawn groups did not reveal any change. Conclusion: Results indicate that the enneagram group counseling program is very effective in establishing positive self-identification for nursing college students who face developmental crisis and stressful situations. It is also expected that this program would be useful to enhance the students' confidence through a deeper understanding and acceptance of themselves.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.754-765
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out about the impact on self-identity and creativity of college students through the fashion collage program. The methods of research were content analysis and statistical analysis. The research subjects consisted of six fashion major college students experiment group and six control group students attending P university in Busan. The period of investigation was conducted once a week in the 9th session (2019. 04. 25. - 06. 18). The analysis criteria of fashion collage were divided into formality and contents, and the analysis criteria consisted of number of collage pieces, margin, overlapping, cut method, text position, color, space layout, and location of fashion design drawing. Collage maps were analyzed based on formal analysis, and fashion design drawings were analyzed based on formal and contents analysis. In order to verify the effectiveness of the fashion collage program, a pre-post test of self-identity and creativity was conducted. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the SPSS WIN 25.0 program, U-test of Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In pre-post test of self-identity and creativity, there were significant differences. In conclusion, it has been shown that fashion collage programs are effective in improving self-identity and creativity for college students majoring in fashion. This study has a limitation of collage programs focused on self-discovery, so it should be carefully analyzed.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

Purpose: The isolated exercise therapy and its effect for the treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is not well known. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical effect of stretching and strengthening exercise program on the patients' muscle function and range of motion, pain and gait in the management of the early stage PTTD. Materials and Methods: From October 2006 to March 2007, 14 patients with early stage PTTD (stage I or IIa) without surgical intervention were randomly assigned into two groups and we analyzed their clinical results. All patients were female and one who have sprained the same ankle during the program and one who withdrew from the program due to her private reason were excluded. At the last, the exercise group (EG) was seven and the control group (CG) was five. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparison of pain, ROM, muscle power, AOFAS score and 5 minute walking test of both groups. Wilcoxon-signed rank test was used for the comparison between the pre and post exercise program in EG. Results: The pain was significantly reduced in EG compare to CG and only the dorsiflexion was significantly increased in EG in the analysis of ROM. The dorsi flexion and plantar flexion power were significantly increased in EG. Conclusion: Our 6 weeks stretching and strengthening exercise program showed noticeably improved clinical result, and therefore it is recommended as one of the useful treatment option in the management of early stage PTTD.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2014

본 연구는 웃음요법이 노인의 우울에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 시도하였다. 본 연구는 유사 실험 설계로 비동등성 대조군 전후 실험 설계이며, 경로당을 이용하는 65세 이상 노인 38명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2013년 10월 1일부터 10월 22일까지이며 실험 군(n=19명)은 4주간 매주 1회씩 50분간 웃음치료 프로그램에 참여하였고 프로그램 전 후 GDSSF-K를 이용하여 우울을 측정하였다. 자료 분석은 ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed rank test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과 웃음치료 프로그램은 노인의 우울을 유의하게 감소시키는 효과가 있었다(z=-2.59, p= .017). 따라서 본 연구의 웃음치료프로그램은 지역사회 노인 간호 실무에서 활용 가능하며 노인의 우울관련 간호중재 전략 수립에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 반안면왜소증 환자의 하악골 신장술시 초기 치아골격 특성들 중에서 치료결과의 차이에 기여하는 인자를 찾는 것이다. 치료전의 치아골격 특성, 골신장술의 효과와 그 유지상태를 관찰하기 위하여 골신장술 직전(T0), 직후(T1), 추적 2년후(T2)에 측모와 정모 두부방사선 계측사진을 촬영하여 전후방, 수직치아, 비대칭 항목들을 계측하였다. T2 시기의 계측 결과에 따라서 환자들을 1군(양호군, 10명)과 2군(불량군, 9명)으로 분류하였다. 두 군에서 각 시기와 T0-T1, T1-T2 동안의 변화량의 차이를 Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed independent t-test, rank test, ANOVA test를 사용하여 분석하였다. pruzansky type이 골신 장술의 성공과 실패 여부와 관계가 깊게 나타났다. T0 시기에 2군은 1군에 비하여 하악골이 후방위치되었고, 하악지 고경(ramus height)이 짧았고, 하악각(gonial angle)이 컸으며, 이환측 하악지가 내측경사되었고, 이환측으로의 이부변위(chin point deviation)가 크게 나타났다. 1군에서 골신장술의 주요한 효과는 하악지 고경의 증가, 하악골의 전방위치, 하악각의 증가, articular angle의 감소에 따른 하약골의 반시계방향 회전, 이환측의 하악지 경사의 증가, 교합면경사와 이부변위의 개선으로 나타났다. 그러나 2군에서는 골신장술을 시행했을 때 1군에 비하여 하악골이 시계방향으로 회전되었고 하악지 고경의 증가량이 작게 나타났다. T2 시기에 2군에서는 하악골의 반시계방향 회전이 나타났고, 하악지 성장이 일어나지 않았으나, 1군은 반대의 경향을 보였다. 이러한 인자들이 골신장술 결과의 차이에 기여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stretching and strengthening exercise on the static flexibility and pain intensity for the iliopsoas muscle, which is one of the main reasons for the chronic low back pain. Methods: The subjects of this study were 15 male adult patients with showed 6 score or higher in the visual analogue scale(VAS) and complained of low back pain over three months who visited department of the physical therapy, KIA motors Industrial Health Center, from October, 2008 through December, 2008. Fifteen subjects were trained stretching, mat exercises and sling exercises for iliopsoas muscle at 4-5 times a week for 4 weeks. I measured the changes on the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle, static flexibility of low back and VAS between pre- and post exercise treatment. Date were analyzed using the Wilcoxon's signed rank test considering the size of the samples. Results: 1. The angle of the hip joint that showed the extensibility of iliopsoas muscle was relieved, which was significant statistically (p<.05). 2. The static flexibility was statistically significantly improved in the trunk flexion test, trunk extension test and Schober-Test (p<.05). 3. The VAS showed decrease, which is significant statistically (p<.05). Conclusion: It is believed that the exercise treatment of iliopsoas muscle has the significant effects on the improvement of static flexibility and decrease of pain intensity for the chronic low back pain patients.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training for 4 weeks could improve the balance and gait in stroke patients. Method: Fifteen stroke patients who had agreed with the study were randomly divided into 3 groups categorized as task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training group (experimental group 1, n=5), task-related circuit exercise program group (experimental group 2, n=5), and control subjects performed conventional physical therapy (control group, n=5). The balance and gait were assessed by BT-4 force platform system, Berg Balance Scale, 10meter Walk Test and Smart Step at before training and after training. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in intra-group. Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonfferoni correction were used to analyze changes of all variables in inter-groups. Result: The experimental group 1 showed significant improvements in postural sway area, BBS scores, walking velocity and plantar pressures of affected foot, whereas the experimental group 2 showed significant improvements in BBS scores, and the control group were no significantly different in all variables following training. The changes of postural sway area and BBS scores in the experimental group 1 were significantly greater than them of the control group. The changes of postural sway area in the experimental group 1 was significantly greater than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest the task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training is an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stoke patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Background: Gait problems appear in most stroke patients. Commonly, stroke patients show the typical abnormal gait patterns, such as circumduction, genu recurvatum, and spastic paretic stiff-legged gait. An inclined treadmill gait exercise is good for gait problems of stroke patients. In addition, the backward walking training has been recommended in order to improve the component of the movement for the forward walking. Objects: The purpose of this study to investigated the effects of backward walking with inclined treadmill training on the gait in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups that walked on an inclined treadmill: the experimental group ($n_1=15$), which walked backward, and the control group ($n_2=15$), which walked forward. To measure the improvement of the patients' gait, a Figure of Eight Walking Test (F8W), Four Square Step Test (FSST), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) were performed. We also measured spatio-temporal gait variables, including gait speed, cadence, stride length, and single limb support using a three-axial wireless accelerometer. The measurements were taken before and after the experiment. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare both groups before and after the interventions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for the comparisons after the interventions. The statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: Before and after experiment, all dependent variables were significantly different between the two groups (p<.05). As compared to the control group, the experimental group showed more significant improvements in F8W, FSST, speed, cadence, stride length, and single limb support (p<.05); however, FGA in this group was not significantly different from the control (p>.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that backward walking on an inclined treadmill is more effective for improving the gait of stroke patients than forward walking.