• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.415-420
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• 2010

Purpose: Heterotopic calcification is a pathological event in which deposits of calcium salts build up, usually in the joint area or soft tissues. It can occur under many conditions and in some rare cases may develop in burn scars. In particular, ulcerations in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification are difficult to treat through conservative treatment. This study reports methods for accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment of ulceration in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification. Methods: Fourteen patients who visited our hospital from March 2008 to January 2010 were subjected to this study. Their sex, age, modes of burn, degree, TBSA (%), ulcerated area, the time of occurrence of the ulcerations in the burn scars were investigated. In addition, radiological examination and biopsy was performed to diagnose heterotopic calcification. Results: Among the 14 cases, 6 were male and 8 were female. The average age of the patients was 48.2 (27 - 69 yrs). As for the mode of burn, 11 were flame burns and 3 were scalding burns. The average time of occurrence of the ulcerations in the burn scars was 4.5 months. The ulcerated areas were situated in the legs in 12 cases, arms in 1 case, and torso in 1 case. The diagnosis was confirmed through X-ray and biopsy, and skin graft was performed after wide excision. Conclusion: Diagnosis of the ulceration in burn scars accompanied by heterotopic calcification is possible through radiological and pathologic studies. Surgical treatment is the most reliable method of treatment, and we chose to perform skin graft after wide excision. Also, we learned that the complete removal of the calcified tissue and the inflammatory fibrotic tissues is crucial in preventing recurrence. Also, in contrast to Marjolin's ulcer, heterotopic calcification had a small size, little or no granulation tissue, and lacked fungating type ulceration. Therefore, favorable prognosis could be achieved through adequate treatment.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1506-1514
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 상황 인식 센서를 활용한 화재 발생 예측 및 탐지 방법을 제안한다. 기존 기상 및 비전 센서 기반의 산불 방재 시스템의 경우 카메라 센서로 획득한 영상을 조명변화에 강인한 색상공간인 HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) 모형으로 변환시켜 처리하여 산불영역에 대한 특징을 추출하고 있다. 그러나 이 경우 단일 카메라 센서가 넓은 범위에 화재를 감지하기 때문에 넓은 범위의 화재가 발생하기 전까지는 화재발생을 감지하는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 센서를 활용하여 실시간으로 온도, 습도, Co2, 불꽃유무정보를 습득하여 화재를 판단하는 알고리즘과 그에 따른 화재의 확산경로와 속도예측 및 안전구역 확보 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 복합적 인 상황에 따라 부여된 가중치를 수집된 데이터에 부여하여 화재를 판단하고, 시간에 따른 상황인식 분석을 통해 화재 이동방향과 속도를 예측하여 안전구역을 확보하는 기법이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1985

공기-아세틸렌 불꽃 원자 흡수분광법으로 칼슘분석을 하는 경우 비교적 방해가 큰 것은 지르코늄, 주석, 알루미늄, 안티몬 등 양이온과 황산이온, 바나듐산이온, 규산이온 등 음이온이다. 여기에 해방제로서 세륨을 사용하면 이들 방해 효과를 제거할 수 있음을 알게 되었다. 칼슘과 같은 농도($3.0 {\times} 10^{-4}$M)의 이 방해이온들에 의한 방해는 방해이온 농도의 2배의 세륨에 의하여 완전히 해방됨을 보았고 방해 양이온혼합물(지르코늄, 주석, 알루미늄, 안티몬), 방해음이온 혼합물(황산이온, 바나듐산이온, 규산이온)또는 방해양이온 음이온 혼합물의 방해는 각각의 양이온 혹은 음이온에 의한 방해보다 더 큰 방해를 주는데 세륨($1.5 {\times} 10^{-2}$M)에 의한 해방효과는 방해양이온, 음이온 혼합물의 농도가 각각 $3.0 {\times} 10^{-3}$M까지 증가하여도 거의 변하지 않고 좋았다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2017

Recently, the world faces the environmental problem such as air pollution due to harmful gas discharged from car and abnormal climate due to the green-house gases increased by the discharge of $CO_2$. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), one of alternative for this problem, is less harmful, compared to the existing fossil fuel, as gaseous fuel, and less carbon in fuel ingredients and carbon dioxide generation rate relatively favorable more than the existing fuel. However, CNG fuel has the weakness of slow flame propagation speed and difficult fast burn. On the other hand, hydrogen does not include carbon in fuel ingredients, and does not discharge harmful gas such as CO and HC. Moreover, it has strength of quick burning velocity and ignition is possible with small ignition energy source and it's has wide Lean Flammability Limit. If using this hydrogen with CNG fuel, the characteristics of output and discharge gas is improved by the mixer's burning velocity improved, and, at the same time, is possible to have stable lean combustion with the reduction of $CO_2$ expected. Therefore, this research tries to identify the characteristics of engine and emission gas when mixing CNG fuel and hydrogen in each portion and burning them in spark igniting engine, and grasp the lean combustion limit and emission gas characteristics according and use it as the basic data of hydrogen-CNG premixed engine.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2011

Fuel reforming technology for the fuel cell vehicles has been frequently applied to internal combustion engine for the reduction of engine out emissions. Since syngas which is reformed from fossil fuel has hydrogen as a major component, it has abilities to enhance the combustion characteristics with wide flammability and high speed flame propagation. In this paper, syngas was feed to a 2.0 liter SI engine with MPI to improve exhaust emissions under cold start and early state of idle condition. Syngas fraction is varied to 0%, 10%, 25%, with various ignition timings. Exhaust emission characteristics and the exhaust system temperature were measured to investigate the effects of syngas addition on cold start. Result showed that HC emission could be dramatically reduced due to the fact that syngas has $H_2$ and no HC as components. The amount of $NO_x$ emission was decreased with the increase of syngas fraction. Because the dilution effect of $N_2$ and the retard of ignition timing reduces the peak combustion temperature inside the cylinder. Exhaust gas temperature was lower than that of gasoline feeding condition. Retarded ignition timing, however, resulted in increased exhaust gas temperature approximated to gasoline condition. It is supposed that the usage of syngas in an SI engine is an effective solution to meet the future strict emission regulations.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1157-1157
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• 2001

Yeast, Kurtzurnanomyces sp. I-11, produces biosurfactant, mannosyl erythritol lipid (MEL), from soya oil. The properties of biosurfactant MEL include low-toxicity and high biodegradability. MEL provides new possibilities for a wide range of industrial applications, especially food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical fields and chemicals for biotechnology. In the fermentation process, techniques of measuring and controlling substrates and products are important to obtain high productivity with optimum concentrations of substrate and product in the culture broth. The measurement system for the concentrations of soya oil and MEL in the fermentation process was developed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Soya oil and MEL in the culture broth were extracted with ethyl acetate and NIR spectra was carried out between the second derivative NIR spectral data at 1312 and 2040 nm and MEL concentrations obtained using a thin-layer chromatography with a flame-ionization detector (TLC/FID) method. A calibration equation for soya oil was results of the validation of the calibration equation, good agreement was observed between the results of the TLD/FID method and those of the NIRS method for both constituents. NIR method was applied to the measurement of the concentrations of MEL and soya oil in the practical fermentation and good results were obtained. The study indicates that NIRS is a useful method for measurement of the substrate and product in the glycolipid fermentation.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2005

The performance of oxygen combustion with $CO_2$ feeding was investigated in a pyrex tube furnace. The inverse type multi-hole burner was used for improving mixing and wide operating range. It introduced oxygen, fuel, and oxygen, respectively, from center tube to outer tubes. Oxygen combustion characteristics with excess oxygen ratio, oxygen feeding ratio, and $CO_2$ feeding flow rate were studied to optimize the operating condition and to apply the oxygen combustion with recirculation of flue gas to a real furnace. This paper presents results on the effect of $CO_2$ feeding flow rate on the structure of the flames and concentrations of NO and CO emissions. The visible flame length was shortest due to well mixing between fuel and oxygen when the oxygen feeding ratio was 0.25. The NO emission was reduced drastically regardless of excess oxygen ratio when the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate was larger than 15 lpm. The CO emission is varied by changing the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate but the CO emission characteristics is highly affected by excess oxygen ratio. When the excess oxygen ratio is below $\lambda=1.1$, the CO emission increased as the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate increased.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.162-169
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• 2005

The performance of oxygen combustion with $CO_2$ feeding was investigated in a pyrex tube furnace. The inverse type multi-hole burner was used for improving mixing and wide operating range. It introduced oxygen, fuel, and oxygen, respectively, from center tube to outer tubes. Oxygen combustion characteristics with excess oxygen ratio, oxygen feeding ratio, and $CO_2$ feeding flow rate were studied to optimize the operating condition and to apply the oxygen combustion with recirculation of flue gas to a real furnace. This paper presents results on the effect of $CO_2$ feeding flow rate on the structure of the flames and concentrations of NO and CO emissions. The visible flame length was shortest due to well mixing between fuel and oxygen when the oxygen feeding ratio was 0.25. The NO emission was reduced drastically regardless of excess oxygen ratio when the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate was larger than 15 lpm. The CO emission is varied by changing the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate but the CO emission characteristics is highly affected by excess oxygen ratio. When the excess oxygen ratio is below ${\lamda}=1.1$, the CO emission increased as the $CO_2$ feeding flow rate increased.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.159-182
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• 2006

Current fire design codes for determining the temperature within the structural elements that form part of a complete building are based on isolated member tests subjected to the standard fire. However, the standard time-temperature response bears little relation to real fires and doesn't include the effects of differing ventilation conditions or the influence of the thermal properties of compartment linings. The degree to which temperature uniformity is present in real compartments is not addressed and direct flame impingement may also have an influence, which is not considered. It is clear that the complex thermal environmental that occurs within a real building subject to a natural fire can only be addressed using realistic full-scale tests. To study global structural and thermal behaviour, a research project was conducted on the eight storey steel frame building at the Building Research Establishment's Cardington laboratory. The fire compartment was 11 m long by 7 m wide. A fire load of $40kg/m^2$ was applied together with 100% of the permanent actions and variable permanent actions and 56% of live actions. This paper summarises the experimental programme and presents the time-temperature development in the fire compartment and in the main supporting structural elements. Comparisons are also made between the test results and the temperatures predicted by the structural fire Eurocodes.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.93-96
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 상황 인식 센서를 활용한 산불 감지 시스템을 제안한다. 기존 기상 및 비전 센서 기반의 산불 방재 시스템의 경우 카메라 센서로 획득한 영상을 조명변화에 강인한 색상공간인 HSI(Hue, Saturation, Intensity) 모형으로 변환시켜 처리하여 산불영역에 대한 특징을 추출하고 있다. 그러나 이 경우 단일 카메라 센서가 넓은 범위에 화재를 감지하기 때문에 넓은 범위의 화재가 발생하기 전까지는 화재발생을 감지하는데 어려움이 있다. 또한 복합적인 상황에서의 화재 감지가 힘들뿐만 아니라 별도의 지속적인 경계가 필요한 지역에 대한 설정이 어렵다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 센서를 활용하여 실시간으로 온도, 습도, Co2, 불꽃유무정보를 습득하고 이 데이터들을 복합적인 상황에 따라 비교, 분석하고 그에 따른 가중치를 부여하여 화재를 판단하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 또한 화재 상태를 나누어 집중적인 화재 감지가 필요한 구역에 차별적인 관리가 가능하게 한다.