• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2013

The color properties of a white or nearly colorless fabric are represented by whiteness index (WI) or yellowness index (YI). These two indexes relate to a white fabric's color quality. The purpose of this study was to identify the properties of WI and YI on the CIELAB through the simulations of estimation data for a systemization of color quality control. The results indicated that the relationship between WI and YI was a negative correlation, however the coefficients of correlation function between WI and YI were depended on hue. There were two hue transition points of the rate of changes in WI and YI. These hue transition points were the reference points to divide the hue contribution to WI and YI. These points were not the point of h=0 and h=180 and asymmetric. In addition, where the colors were same distance from the white point on the CIELAB, the rate of changes in WI and YI by ${\Delta}$Ew were depending on hue. Specifically, when WI decreased, YI of reddish and yellowish tinted colors decreased more than bluish tinted colors.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.43 no.10 s.293
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• pp.601-606
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• 2006

For the purpose of development of red color stain body, bone body which can be fired at 1180$^{\circ}C$ and has a higher degree of whiteness and transmission was developed and a property experiment depending on the content of $Fe_2O_3$ was performed. For manufacturing this body, 9% addition of bone ash to commercialized white body resulted in the best whiteness and proper physical characteristics. In an experiment of oxidized iron addition using this body as a basis, red color stain body fired up to 1150$^{\circ}C$ following the addition of 6% oxidized iron showed physical characteristics such as 5.4R color closer to theory color, 0.08% water absorption rate, 9.1% shrinkage, and 1861 kgf/$cm^2$ bending strength, which implies that this body is suitable for red color stain body.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2002

In order to investigate the optimum moisture content of paddy for milling process, a series of tests were conducted by examining the recovery rate and whiteness of milled rice in relation with the various moisture content. Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo varieties which were major paddies cultivated in Korea were used for the experiment. The test was performed with small experimental milling machines. In order to minimize the unexpected factors, environment conditions were kept in constant during the experiment. As a result, the recovery rate of milled rice were varied as the changes in milling time and degree of whiteness. However, the recovery rate of milled rice increases as its moisture content increases untill a certain point of moisture content and decreases slowly afterward. This certain point can be called optimum moisture content for rice milling. Also, it has a different value depending on the variety. In this experiment, optimum moisture content of Hwabong-byeo and Dongjin-byeo were considered around 14.8% and 15.3%, respectively. It is not sure that these optimum moisture contents for the two varieties would assume the same values irrespective of harvest year and place. However, it could be concluded that the optimum moisture content for rice milling is around 15%(w.b.) for Hwabong-byeo and 15.5%(w.b.) for Dongjin-byeo, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.100-105
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• 2004

The difference of whiteness, brightness and lightness was clearly explained in this paper through the use of a tinting dye and a fluorescent whitening agent which are commercially wide]y used to make paper look whiter. Other optical properties such as tint, color shade, and color difference were also discussed. It was suggested that in comparing two tinting dyes, lightness $(L^*)$ is the most important property to be compared, while whiteness data should be used in caution in order not to surpass its significant range, and $a^*,\;b^*$ values can also be used to see the change of color shades together with ${\Delta}E$ as color difference. In comparing two fluorescent whitening agents, whiteness or brightness values are most important to be compared, but lightness values are not suitable fur this purpose; $a^*,\;b^*$ and color difference ${\Delta}E$ can also be referred, but with less significance.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.265-272
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.124-125
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2000

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2131-2137
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• 2013

In this work, the key intermediate, 4-amino-4'-(2-amino-4-anilino-1,3,5-triazine-6-yl)-aminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, was prepared from 4-(2-amino-4-anilino-1,3,5-triazine-6-yl)amino-4'-nitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate by using Tin(II) chloride as the reducing agent. Using this intermediate, nineteen new asymmetrically substituted bistriazinylstilbene fluorescent brightening agents were synthesized. Chemical structures of the obtained compounds 5a-s were analyzed by proton NMR spectrum. The physical properties of the new compounds 5a-s were characterized by fastness test and whiteness measurement test and the obtained data were compared to measurements obtained from CI 86.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.313-318
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• 2002

Chitosan is known to be an excellent biocompatible natural polymer. Recently, with a growing interest of health and environment, chitosan which is good in no harmful effect on human body and environment, has been watched as the finish treatment of hygiene and pleasantness. The purpose of this study is to develop multi functional fabrics by chitosan added on acrylic acid grafted cotton fabrics. Therefore physical properties such as moisture regain, air permeability, whiteness, static voltage and tensile strength of chitosan added on acrylic acid grafted cotton fabrics were investigated. The results are as follows ; According to increased chitosan's concentration, grafting yield was decreased. Therefore thickness of film by treated chitosan added on acrylic acid grafted cotton fabric became thin. FT R spectra of chitosan add on acrylic acid grafted cotton fabric clearly showed peaks of COOH and $NH_2$, Moisture regain, static voltage of chitosan add on acrylic acid grafted cotton fabrics were increased than control. Air permeability, whiteness and tensile strength were decreased than control.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 1999

This research was carried out to investigate the possibility of real time rice milling ratio measurement using the spectral reflection characteristics. In this study, various methods were compared such as \circled1 using the whiteness meter, \circled2 using the colorimeter, \circled3 using the Visible and the NIR reflection spectrum. The samples were milled in the domain of 84~96% by 0.5% interval classified by milling ratio. The NMG treatment method required about 20 minutes to determine the milled ratio and r2 was 0.0028 to 0.7959 that was very low. In case of whiteness meter, r2 was high but speed of measurement was 5 minutes that was very low. Measurement with the colorimeter required about 5 minutes and r2 was 0.60 to 0.85 that was low. The reflection spectrum were measured in the range of 400~2,500nm with 2nm interval and the MLR model with six-wavelength obtained from first derivative of spectra gave the best results(r2 = 0.967, SEP = 0.729%)