• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.75-91
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• 1997

Laser cutting tests were conducted to investigate the laser cutting characteristics of solid woods such as 25mm-thick white oak(Quercus acutissima) and maple(Acer mono), and wood-based panels such as 15mm-thick medium density fiberboard and particleboard. Test variables were laser power, cutting speed, grain direction, and moisture content. Cutting depths, kerf widths and the maximum cutting speed were measured. Cutting depths were increased as focus of laser beam was moving from above the workpiece to on the surface of workpiece, and also to below the workpiece. Kerf widths were decreased as focus of laser beam was moving from above the workpiece to on the surface of workpiece, but were increased as focus of laser beam was moving from on the surface of workpiece to below the workpiece. Minimum kerf widths were obtained when focus of laser beam was positioned on the surface of workpiece. Cutting depths and kerf widths were decreased with increase in moisture content, and cutting depths and kerf widths of more dense white oak were smaller than those of maple. And also cutting depths and kerf widths of particleboard were smaller than those of medium density fiberboard.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2011

There seems to have arisen a preference for wearing white clothes amongst Koreans from the long past, even tracing back to the ancient times in tradition of Shamanism worshipping the sun. This "preference" persevered throughout the passage of time, even with the numerous internal and external pressures to forbid or interrupt this tradition. The wearing of White Clothes by Koreans can also be often found in the various records made by foreign visitors recognized as a noticeable phenomenon, and representative of Korea which seems to have influences even until now in the impressions of the country. Despite of this tradition that seems to have lasted over the last 5000 years, all of a sudden it disappeared within the last 50years. In the contemporary modern fashion of Korea, it seems hard to say, Koreans enjoyably sporting White clothes, is a stand out trait anymore, thus the equation of Koreans equivalent to the people of white not a valid stamen anymore. it could not be said that this tradition is representative of the Korean cultural Identity. Why would this be the case? What happened to the long lasted pattern? In what form or shape has this tradition trasnsformed and reappears before us today? This paper seeks to find the answers to these questions.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2003

White snakeroot (Ageratina altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson) as an invasive alien plant appeared more abundantly at lower elevations where frequent artificial interferences prevailed than at higher elevations where such impacts were less. They appeared abundantly in introduced forests such as black locust plantation but they did not appear or were rare in natural forests such as oak forest. But an exceptional phenomenon where white snakeroot did not appear was found in a Korean pine stand with dense cover afforested recently. Appearance status of white snakeroot in each section of trampling path depended on breadth of the path and relative light intensity. Growth of white snakeroot measured as the number of ramet per genet, height, and biomass was better near the trampling path and was reduced toward the forest interior. The growth was proportionate to the relative light intensity measured according to distance from the trampling path. Such results support the fact generally known in relation invasion and expansion of the invasive alien plants. From this viewpoint, we suggest a management plan that applies ecological restoration principles to address ecosystems infected with white snakeroot by restoring the integral feature of the degraded nature and more thoroughly conserving the remaining nature.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.325-335
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• 1996

Visual features are crucial for monitoring the growth state, indexing the drying performance, and grading the quality of oak mushrooms. A computer vision system with neural net information processing technique was utilized to quantize quality factors of a dried oak mushrooms distributed over the cap and gill sides. In this paper, visual feature extraction algorithm were integrated with the neural net processing to deal with various fuzzy patterns of mushroom shapes and to compensate the fault sensitiveness of the crisp criteria and heuristic rules derived from the image processing results. The proposed algorithm improved the segmentation of the skin features of each side, the identification of cap and gill surfaces, the identification of stipe states and removal of the stipe, etc. And the visual characteristics of dried oak mushrooms were analyzed and primary visual features essential to tile quality evaluation were extracted and quantized. In this study, black and white gray images were captured and used for the algorithm development.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the development and oviposition characteristics of Protaetia brevitarsis fed mulberry fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake. The results of rearing of P. brevitarsis larvae on oak fermented sawdust and mulberry fermented sawdust added with different ratio of mulberry cake, the development periods of larvae feed sawdust with mulberry cake were about 41.6~48.5 days and shortened by 117 or more than that without treatment. The development periods were shorter as the ratio of mulberry cake added increased and there was no difference according to the kind of sawdust. But the weight of the larvae raised in mulberry fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake was heavier than that of the larvae raised in oak fermented sawdust added with mulberry cake. When mass rearing P. brevitarsis larvae in oak fermented sawdust, the addition of 5% mulberry cake was appropriate. Also, the average number of laying eggs of female who fed diet with mulberry cake was 12.3% higher than that of untreated.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.44-54
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• 2022

The food source of white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis is important to economical performance. The P. brevitarsis larva were feed by mulberry and oak fermented sawdust. The effect of additional additives, Korean black raspberry (called bokbunja) marc and blueberry marc to fermented sawdust feed on the development and oviposition characteristics were investigated. The development periods of P. brevitarsis was decreased from 165.7 d to 40.0 d (mulberry sawdust) and 169.3 d to 39.0 d (oak sawdust), but the survival rate of larva was not affected by the addition of Korean black raspberry marc to fermented sawdust. However, blueberry marc addition to the fermented sawdust did not significant effect on the development period and survival rate of P. brevitarsis. The percentage of larva weight over 2.5 g was tend to increase by addition of Korean black raspberry marc and/or blueberry marc. The number of oviposition was also tend to increase by adding additional feed to sawdust but there was no significant different.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.455-458
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• 2006

The oak and pine charcoal were used to develop the internal packaging raw material for maintaining the freshness of vegetables and fruits, and to investigate the possibility in the application for pulp mold packaging. The effects of the charcoal type, species, particle size, and grammage on the adsorption efficiency of ethylene gas were studied. White charcoal has superior ethylene gas adsorption performance to those of black charcoal. Pine charcoal was superior to oak charcoal in the ethylene gas adsorption. Higher gas adsorption was obtained by the higher grammage sheet. The difference in the adsorption efficiency was not significant between ONP and KOCC.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.45-45
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• 1982

There are many important exotic species in Korea, such as white pine, pitch pine, jack pine, oak, ash, etc. Some of them are already being used for various construction purposes, in spite of their history imported to and cultivated in Korea being very young. No study was carried out on the various properties of these exotic species, which arc needed for their proper use at present.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.292-295
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• 2002

A chromate-resistant white rot fungus, Inonotus cuticularis, abundant in oak trees, was isolated for chromate removal and detoxification of chromate. Inonotus cuticularis was also investigated for an optimal waste treatment system. The screened cells were able to reduce an initial chromate concentration of as high as 1,300 ppm. Cell growth kinetics showed that the optimum culture conditions in flasks were at $33^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.2. Furthermore, the cells were able to remove $54\%$ of the initial chromate by a two-stage operation based on the combination of a fermentor and airlift reactor.