• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of modality, taping and joint mobilization for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders. Methods: Joint mobilization technique and kinesio taping was done to the patients who diagnosed with acute whiplash-associated disorders due to traffic accidents. Results: We got the results that it is quite effective to increase cervical range of motion and decrease the pain, according to the results, present study was performed to assess the impact on the neck disability index and fatigability. Conclusion: Joint mobilization technique applied to a person and taping applied to the other person then both people increasing cervical range of motion and reducing pain for the treatment of patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders was effective.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was designed to estimate the effect of Damjeonggyeok acupuncture on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder patient due to a series of traffic accidents by using Symptoms Check List-90-Rivision(SCL-90-R). Methods : This report have been observed among 30 patients who admitted our department for whiplash injury associated disorders during 04-01-2009 to 09-31-2009. The PTSD patients was divided into 2 groups. One group was treated general oriental medical treatment(Group A) and the other group was treated Damjeonggyeok acupuncture with general oriental medical treatment(Group B). SCL-90-R and visual analogue scale(VAS) were checked before and after treatment for evaluating the improvement of whiplash injury associated disorders with PTSD. Results : 1. Both Group A and Group B showed good effect on decreasing of VAS and improving of psychological symptoms after traffic accident. 2. Group B symptoms about SCL-90-R Conclusions : Damjeonggyeok acupuncture with general oriental medical treatment can be recommended as a useful therapy to treat patients who have PTSD. Further study is needed to confirm the effectiveness of Damjeonggyeok acupuncture on whiplash injury associated disorders with PTSD.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of kinesio taping and neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise for patients with acute whiplash-associated disorders. Methods: Twenty acute whiplash-associated disorders patients were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups. Neuromuscular rehabilitation group (NRG) received neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise, kinesio taping group (KTG) received kinesio taping. All subject was evaluated before and after intervention by their range of motion (ROM), neck disability index (NDI), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and fatigability. Results: First, the ROM was significantly increased in all group (p<.05). The NDI, NPRS and fatigability were significantly decreased in all group (p<.05). Secondly, NRG had significantly more increased ROM (flexion, both rotation) than KTG (p<.05). NRG had significantly more decreased NDI, NPRS and fatigability than KTG (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the results above, increased in range of motion in the neck, decreased in NDI, NPRS, fatigability were more effective in the NRG that received neuromuscular rehabilitation exercise than the KTG that received kinesio taping.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Objectives This study is aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of treatment of Korean Medicine for whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and to suggest the direction of future research. Methods We searched papers in Pubmed database to use some keywords indicating whiplash injury syndrome, treatment of Korean Medicine and cost-effectiveness. After searching, appropriate papers were selected depending on the exclusion criteria. The selected papers were analyzed in the sections of author, publication year, intervention and control groups, outcome measurement, the list including in the cost, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and study design. Results Four studies about effect of Korean medicine and 3 studies about economic evaluation were finally included. Acupuncture was effective for balance disorder and neck pain. Economic evaluation studies used analytical decision model or cost-consequence analysis. Cost-effectiveness analysis using visual analog scale and cost-utility analysis using quality adjusted life years were performed. Initiating timing of proper management affected the consequence of treatments. Direct and indirect medical costs including supportive devices, and non-medical costs such as litigation were considered. Conclusions We conclude that studies haven't been conducted so far to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Korean Medicine in whiplash injury syndrome. Thus, future studies are needed in this section.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.73-92
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to understand the treatment process experiences of patients with whiplash associated disorder treated with Traditional Korean Medicine. Methods : This study was based on grounded theory. We recruited a total of 10 participants between the ages of 19 and 65, who were hospitalized at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital and received treatment after traffic accidents from January to October 2014. Data was collected from in-depth interviews and notes, and was analyzed using open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Results : The core category of the phenomenon: 'The experiences of the treatment process for patients with whiplash associated disorder treated with Traditional Korean Medicine', was elicited as 'The selection of Traditional Korean Medicine treatment over other treatments for holistic healing that supplement for the deficiencies of Western medical treatment'. Conclusion :' The experiences of treatment process for patients with whiplash associated disorder treated with Traditional Korean Medicine', was elicited as 'The selection of the Traditional Korean Medicine treatment over other treatments for holistic healing that complements deficiency of the Western medical treatment'.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 2017

The purpose of this case study was to identify the effects of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization on the cervical spine in a patient with chronic whiplash-associated disorder (WAD). The subject of this study was a 58-year-old woman who sustained a chronic WAD as a result of a motor vehicle accident two years prior. The subject has progressively worsening neck pain and stiffness. The subject was determined to have a grade IIb WAD the use of the Modified Quebec Classification. The intervention was central and unilateral PA mobilization on the spinous process of C4 and C5. The PA mobilizations were performed at the end of range to Maitland grade IV. The PA mobilization was conducted once daily for a total of eight days. Two sets of measurements were done one before and one after the intervention. Neck pain, cervical stiffness, range of motion and lordosis of the cervical spine were measured. Experimental intervention decreased the neck pain, and increased the neck stiffness and cervical ROM (range of motion) such as flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation. X-ray photographs also represented that cervical curvature increased from $35^{\circ}$ to $40^{\circ}$. This study suggested that PA cervical mobilization applied to hronic WAD is effective in decreasing pain, increasing cervical ROM and cervical curvature.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2006

The most common kind of vehicular accident is the low-speed rear-end impact that result in high portion of insurance claims and Whiplash Associated Disorders(WAD). The low-speed collisions have specific characteristics that differ from high speed collisions and must be treated differently This paper presents a simple continuous contact force model for the low-speed rear-end impact to simulate the accelerations, velocities and the contact force as functions of time. A smoothed Coulomb friction force is used to represent the effect of braking, which was found to be significant in simulating low-speed rear end impact. The intervehicular contact force is modeled using nonlinear damping and spring elements with coefficients and exponents. This paper presents how to estimate analytically stiffness and damping coefficients. The exponent of the nonlinear contact force model was determined to match the overall acceleration pulse shape and magnitude. The model can be used to determine ${\Delta}Vs$ and peak accelerations for the purpose of accident reconstruction and for injury biomechanics studies.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.655-666
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study is observing the effects of the functional postural trunk exercise (FPTE) on deep cranio-cervical flexor (CCF) muscle endurance applied on neck pain patients suffering from the acute whiplash-association disorder (WAD). METHODS: The study was tested with 47 patients with neck pain. All patients were equally treated with the ordinary therapy, only experimental group (n=23) was treated with FPTE: assumption of an upright lumbo-pelvic and spinal postural position, adding a neck lengthening manoeuvre in addition. Patients attended physical therapy for 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, neck disability index (NDI), range of motion (ROM), were recorded both before and after the intervention. Also muscle activity in the CCF test was employed to analyze the changes between before and after. RESULT: After 4 weeks of training intervention, a remarkable increase in muscle endurance, rotation, extension ROM (p<.05) and decrease in pain and NDI (p<.05) in both groups. Further, the differences between groups were muscle endurance (F=60.350, p<.01), pain, and the left rotation ROM (p<.05). CONCLUSION: From the results, the experimental group had significant the increase in muscle endurance, and the significant decrease in pain. Whilst further research in this category is necessary, these observations suggest that applying exercise in early diagnosis can be of help to treat the neck pain patients suffering from the WAD.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to introduce the Chuna Manual Therapy (CMT) using Bong (a type of stick which is called 'bong') as a part of Oriental Medicine. Methods : We searched several traditional methods of CMT using Bong, either individual contact to specialist of CMT using Bong or referred to publications, and summarized briefly for introduction. Authors also made a comparative study between existing CMT and CMT using the bong. Results & Conclusions : The indications of Bong CMT are regarded as acute or chronic pain syndrome, whiplash associated disorders, facet syndrome, vertebral misalignment, chronic fatigue syndrome, obesity and also lower extremity length difference caused by malalignment of vertebrae and pelvic bone. The Meridian Muscle Therapy by pressing down using the Bong can be carried out on the imbalances of the muscle by shortening and lengthening contraction. CMT with Bong is considered more effective than other existing CMT in terms of effectiveness. In the case of pelvic correction which needs a tremendous amount of force, it can reduce the force required effectively. This fact can be inferred by the theory of composition and decomposition of force during the transmission of power. We can perform Bong CMT feeling less fatigued subsequently than general CMT. Pressing down with flexed fingers to grip bong acts on the contraction of flexor digiti and extensor digiti muscle, this protects the $doctor^{\circ}{\emptyset}s$ wrist joints from injury. The bong which acts as a tool between the doctor and the patient, while being given treatment, absorbs and spreads out the direct impact from the patient to the doctor. CMT with Bong is able to apply to both existing massage therapies with the hand. The bong appliance can be used in all applications, particularly, but not limited to; Orthopedic and Manual Correction Therapy, Meridian Muscle Pressing, Exercise Therapy, and Meridian Point Manual Pressing Therapy. CMT with Bong belongs to the category of oriental rehabilitation and Chuna manual medicine.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2018

It was a pilot study for developing an algorithm to determine the presence or absence of cervical spine injury by analyzing the severity factor of the patients in motor vehicle occupant accidents. From August 2012 to October 2016, we used the KIDAS database, called as Korean In-Depth Accident Study database, collected from three regional emergency centers. We analyzed the general characteristics with several factors. Moreover, cervical spine injury patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 for from Quebec Task Force (hereinafter 'QTF') grade 0 to 1, and group 2 for from QTF grade 2 to 4. The score was assigned according to the distribution ratio of cervical spine injured patients compared to the total injured patients, and the cut-off value was derived from the total score by summation of the assigned score of each factors. 987 patients (53.0%) had no cervical spine injuries and 874 patients (47.0%) had cervical spine injuries. QTF grade 2 was found in 171 patients (9.2%) with musculoskeletal pain, QTF grade 3 was found in 38 patients (2.0%) with spinal cord injuries, and QTF grade 4 was found in 119 patients (6.4%) with dislocation or fracture, respectively. We selected the statistically significant factors, which could be affected the cervical spine injury, like the collision direction, the seating position, the deformation extent, the vehicle type and the frontal airbag deployment. Total score, summation of the assigned each factors, 10 was presented as a cut-off value to determine the cervical spine injury. In this study, it was meaningful as a pilot study to develop algorithms by selecting limited influence factors and proposing cut-off value to determine cervical spine injury. However, since the number of data samples was too small, additional data collection and influencing factor analysis should be performed to develop a more delicate algorithm.