• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제45권10호
• /
• pp.1227-1233
• /
• 2002

목 적: Mycoplasma pneumoniae 감염과 천식은 급성기에 호산구 지표의 증가가 관찰되며 두 질병간에 공통적인 병리기전이 작용하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 호산구 지표는 천식의 질병경과를 반영하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 이에 저자들은 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴의 임상경과에 따른 호산구 지표의 변화를 분석하는 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2000년 10월부터 2001년 8월까지 외래에서 진단된 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴 환자군 33명을 대상으로 급성기 및 회복기 말초혈액 TEC, 혈청 ECP를 측정하여 비교하였으며 이들을 다시 천명음양성군과 음성군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 또한, 급성기 Mycoplasma 항체가와 말초혈액 TEC, 급성기 Mycoplasma 항체가와 혈청 ECP 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 전체 33명의 환자군에서는 급성기 말초혈액 TEC, 혈청 ECP가 회복기 때보다 유의하게 높았으며(P=0.018, P=0.005) 천명음 양성군과 음성군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 천명음 양성군 내에서는 급성기 말초혈액 TEC, 혈청 ECP가 회복기에도 유의한 감소를 보이지 않았으나 천명음 음성군 내에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다(P=0.006, P=0.018). 급성기에 Mycoplasma 항체가와 말초혈액 TEC, Mycoplasma 항체가와 혈청 ECP 사이에는 각각 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론: Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴에서 호산구 지표인 말초혈액 TEC와 혈청 ECP는 급성기에 증가하고 회복기에 감소하여 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 폐렴의 임상경과를 반영하며, 급성기에 천명음이 청진된 환아는 청진되지 않은 환아에 비해 회복기에 도 호산구성 염증이 지속되는 것으로 추정된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제58권7호
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Wheezing following viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children <2 years of age is an important risk factor for the development of asthma later in life; however, not all children with viral LRTIs develop wheezing. This study investigated risk factors for the development of wheezing during viral LRTIs requiring hospitalization. Methods: The study included 142 children <2 years of age hospitalized for LRTIs with at least one virus identified as the cause and classified them into children diagnosed with LRTIs with wheezing (n=70) and those diagnosed with LRTIs without wheezing (n=72). Results: There were no significant differences in the viruses detected between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for potentially confounding variables including sex and age, the development of wheezing was strongly associated with parental history of allergic diseases (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 20.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.22-126.48), past history of allergic diseases (aOR, 13.95; 95% CI, 1.34-145.06), past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses (aOR, 21.36; 95% CI, 3.77-120.88), exposure to secondhand smoke at home (aOR, 14.45; 95% CI, 4.74-44.07), and total eosinophil count (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02). Conclusion: Past and parental history of allergic diseases, past history of hospitalization for respiratory illnesses, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, and total eosinophil count were closely associated with the development of wheezing in children <2 years of age who required hospitalization for viral LRTIs. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when treating, counseling, and monitoring young children admitted for viral LRTIs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.487-491
• /
• 2008

목 적 : 마이코플라스마 폐렴은 일부 천식의 과거력이 없는 환자에서도 천명, 호흡곤란 등의 증상을 보여 천식의 발생과 관계된다고 한다. VEGF는 천식의 만성 염증 형성에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 마이코플라스마 폐렴에서 천명이 동반되는 환아와 천명이 없는 환아에서 혈청 VEGF의 농도가 차이가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 8월부터 2007년 2월까지 고려대학교 안암병원 소아과에 천식의 과거력이 없는 마이코플라스마 폐렴으로 입원한 환아들 중 의사의 청진상 천명음이 처음으로 확인된 환아 9명(천명군)과 천명음이 한번도 없었던 비천명군 63명을 대상으로 혈청 VEGF농도, M. pneumoniae 항체가, 혈액 호산구 염증지표 및 혈청 IgE 농도 등을 측정하였다. 결 과 : 천명군의 혈청 VEGF 농도는 $650.2{\pm}417.9pg/mL$로 비천명군($376.5{\pm}356.2pg/mL$) 보다 높게 나타났고(P=0.049), M. pneumoniae 항체가도 천명군에서 더 높았다(1:1,380 vs. 1:596, P=0.048). 혈청 총IgE 값은 천명군이 591.8 IU/mL, 비천명군이 162.2 IU/mL 이었다(P=0.032). 두 군의 말초혈액 호산구수(천명군 : $263.0/{\mu}L$ vs. 비천명군 : $166.5/{\mu}L$)와 혈청 ECP 농도(천명군 : $22.8{\mu}g/L$ vs. 비천명군 : $17.4{\mu}g/L$)는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 천명군에서 혈청 VEGF 농도는 항체가와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.568, P=0.034). 결 론 : 천식의 과거력이 없는 아토피 소아에서 높은 VEGF 농도는 마이코플라스마 폐렴에서 천명 발생과 관계가 있는 것으로 생각할 수 있으며, 이들 환자에서 앞으로 천식 발생 유무에 대한 추적 관찰이 필요하리라 생각한다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Allergic asthma generally presents with symptoms of wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, and airway inflammation. Seonpyejeongcheon-tang (SJT) consists of 12 herbs. It originated from Jeong-cheon-tang (JT), also known as Ding-chuan-tang, composed of 7 herbs, in She-sheng-zhong-miao-fang. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local delivery of SJT via inhalable microparticles in an asthma mouse model. Methods: Microparticles containing SJT were produced by spray-drying with leucine as an excipient. SJT microparticles were evaluated with respect to their aerodynamic properties, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, and therapeutic effects on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in comparison with orally-administered SJT. Results: SJT microparticles provided desirable aerodynamic properties (fine particle fraction of $48.9%{\pm}6.4%$ and mass median aerodynamic diameter of $3.7{\pm}0.3{\mu}m$). SJT microparticles did not show any cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentrations of 0.01 - 3 mg/mL. Inhaled SJT microparticles decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, eotaxin and OVA-IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice with OVA-induced asthma. These effects were verified by histological evaluation of the levels of infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen, destructions of alveoli and bronchioles, and hyperplasia of goblet cells in lung tissues. The effects of SJT microparticles in the asthma model were equivalent to those of orally-administered SJT extract. Conclusion: This study suggests that SJT is a promising agent for inhalation therapy for patients with asthma.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1217-1222
• /
• 2002

This study was aimed to find out Kami-Chungsangboha-tang's effects on allergic asthma using Egg-White Implant(EWI) method model recommended by Siqueira et al. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang has widely been prescribed and used in Oriental Medicine for controlling and curing of the symptoms of Asthma(dyspnea, wheezing, cough, sputum, chest discomfort). The Previous studies have demonstrated that Kami-Chungsangboha-tang had analgesic, sedative, anticonvulsive and antihistamine effects. But it was uncertain whether Kami-Chungsangboha-tang could inhibit the allergic reaction, so alleviate the symptoms of allergic asthma. With such aim, the respiratory patterns and eosinophil infiltration in the tracheal mucosa of rats with experimentally induced allergic asthma (using EWI method) were mainly observed. The results are as follows ; 1. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang decreased the number of malformed respiration with respect to control group (p<0.02). 2. Kami-Chungsangboha-tang decreased the number of eosinophils infiltrated in tracheal mucosa with respect to control group (p<0.05). Depending upon above results, it is considered that Kami-Chungsangboha-tang has the inhibitory effects on the process of allergic asthma and suggested that it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms caused by allergic asthma.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.304-311
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the self-reported symptoms of occupational asthma, occupational rhinitis, and respiratory symptoms between a direct exposure to flour dust group and a non-exposure group from the bakery industry. Methods: The participants were 62 workers directly exposed to flour dust and 30 non-exposed workers. The survey was composed of questions related to general characteristics. Korean self-reported respiratory symptoms(SNU-93), occupational asthma, and occupational rhinitis data was collected from April to July 2017. Results: The smoking rate among the direct exposure to flour dust workers was 67.7% and the mean of working hours(11-12) was 96.8%. The SNU-93 questionnaire revealed that respiratory symptoms in the chest and wheezing or whistling were significantly higher among the direct-exposure group than non-exposure group. The response for occupational asthma symptoms was significantly higher in the direct exposure group(2.4 points) than in the non-exposure group(1.6 points). Conclusion: In order to decrease the symptoms of these respiratory diseases among bakery workers exposed to flour dust, it is necessary to reduce working hours and the smoking rate. The performance of periodic medical examinations is needed to find abnormal respiratory diseases. In addition, workers who have been diagnosed with asthma and rhinitis should consider switching to a process that is not exposed to flour dust.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2012

The prevalence of allergic diseases has increased worldwide, a phenomenon that can be largely attributed to environmental effects. Among environmental factors, air pollution due to traffic is thought to be a major threat to childhood health. Residing near busy roadways is associated with increased asthma hospitalization, decreased lung function, and increased prevalence and severity of wheezing and allergic rhinitis. Recently, prospective cohort studies using more accurate measurements of individual exposure to air pollution have been conducted and have provided definitive evidence of the impact of air pollution on allergic diseases. Particulate matter and ground-level ozone are the most frequent air pollutants that cause harmful effects, and the mechanisms underlying these effects may be related to oxidative stress. The reactive oxidative species produced in response to air pollutants can overwhelm the redox system and damage the cell wall, lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to airway inflammation and hyper-reactivity. Pollutants may also cause harmful effects via epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of genes without changing the DNA sequence itself. These mechanisms are likely to be a target for the prevention of allergies. Further studies are necessary to identify children at risk and understand how these mechanisms regulate gene-environment interactions. This review provides an update of the current understanding on the impact of air pollution on allergic diseases in children and facilitates the integration of issues regarding air pollution and allergies into pediatric practices, with the goal of improving pediatric health.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2001

Objectives : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which the airway smooth muscle undergoes exaggerated constriction and is abnormally responsive to external stimuli and clinically manifests dyspnea, cough, and wheezing. Recently in Korea, the number of asthma patients has tended to increase as air pollution increases and new allergens appear. This study aimed to identify the therapeutic effects of Sochongryong-tang, which has been used on asthmatic patients in Oriental Medicine for a long time. Methods : We studied 10 asthmatic patients who had visited the Division of Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from February 1, 2001 to June 30, 2001, which examined the patients by the pulmonary function test (PFT) and Quality of Life Questionnaire for adult Korean Asthmatics (QLQAKA) before and after taking Sochongryong-tang for two weeks. The data was analyzed using paired t-test. Results : After treatment with Sochongryong-tang for two weeks, FEV 1.0 showed a significant increase of 14.2%, FVC a significant increase of 9.3% and PEFR a significant increase of 16.2% in results of patients examined asthmatic by PFT. In the results of QLQAKA, the mean of scores increased significantly over 0.5 points in total score, symptom domain, emotion domain, and environmental domain. Conclusions : This study shows that Sochongryong-tang has the effect of improvements of pulmonary function and quality of life in asthmatic patients.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제62권9호
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 2019

Allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, are common heterogeneous diseases that encompass diverse phenotypes and different pathogeneses. Phenotype studies of allergic diseases can facilitate the identification of risk factors and their underlying pathophysiology, resulting in the application of more effective treatment, selection of better treatment responses, and prediction of prognosis for each phenotype. In the early phase of phenotype studies in allergic diseases, artificial classifications were usually performed based on clinical features, such as triggering factors or the presence of atopy, which can result in the biased classification of phenotypes and limit the characterization of heterogeneous allergic diseases. Subsequent phenotype studies have suggested more diverse phenotypes for each allergic disease using relatively unbiased statistical methods, such as cluster analysis or latent class analysis. The classifications of phenotypes in allergic diseases may overlap or be unstable over time due to their complex interactions with genetic and encountered environmental factors during the illness, which may affect the disease course and pathophysiology. In this review, diverse phenotype classifications of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and wheezing in children, allergic rhinitis, and atopy, are described. The review also discusses the applications of the results obtained from phenotype studies performed in other countries to Korean children. Consideration of changes in the characteristics of each phenotype over time in an individual's lifespan is needed in future studies.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제29권
• /
• pp.17.1-17.6
• /
• 2014

Objectives Antimicrobial chemicals are used in a variety of household and personal care products. Exposure to antimicrobial household products has been hypothesized to lead to allergic diseases in children. Methods We investigated antimicrobial household product exposure and allergic symptoms in Korean children. An antimicrobial exposure (AE) score was derived. To examine the symptoms of allergic diseases (current wheeze, current rhinitis, and current eczema) in the past 12 months, we used a questionnaire based on the core module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children. Complete data for the analysis were available for 25,805 of the 35,590 (72.5%) children. Results The prevalence of current allergic diseases was as follows: wheeze, 5.6%; allergic rhinitis, 32.6%; and eczema, 17.7%. The mean (standard deviation) AE score was 14.3 (9.3) (range: 0-40). Compared with subjects with a low AE score (reference), subjects with a high AE score (fourth quartile) were more likely to have symptoms of wheezing and allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for wheezing 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45, p for trend=0.24; aOR for allergic rhinitis 1.30, 95% CI, 1.20-1.40, p <0.01). Conclusions These findings suggest that frequent use of antimicrobial household products was associated with current wheeze and current allergic rhinitis.