• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.369-373
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the possibility of artificial production of p. ferulae by solid-state culture, the optimization of culture conditions was carried out. When $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ were used in the cultures using test tube with 30 g of Populus sawdust at $25^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ in the dark, the favored mycelial growth was observed with $1\%$ of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and the production of polysaccharide was 7.85 mg/100 mg of mycelium with $1\%$ of $CaCO_3$. The mixtures of $80\%$ of Populus Sawdust and $20\%$ of rice bran at $60\%$ of water content were determined to be optimal for the production of fruiting bodies in the sawdust culture. When three treatments containing various ratios of garlic powder were conducted, yields of fruiting bodies were drasti[ally higher than those of Synthetic mixture without garlic powder The highest yield (143 g/bag) was obtained with $7\%$ garlic powder. The yield of synthetic mixture containing $7\%$ of garlic powder was $83\%$ higher than that of Sawdust culture. The reason why garlic powder did support growth was not clear but it is possible that garlic powder might contain effective components for the formation of fruiting body. The optimal synthetic mixture composition consisted of cotton seed $77\%$, lime $6.4\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.2\%,\;KH_2PO_4\;0.2\%,\;CaHPO_4\;0.2\%$, corn flour $4\%$, wheat flour $5\%$, and garlic pow-der $7\%$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 1995

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the effect of molasses feeding on the growth performances of bulls. In the first experiment, the straw of a control diet of straw and urea was replaced by molasses of 150 g ($M_{150}$) or $300g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ ($M_{300}$). The three diets were fed ad libitum to three groups of bulls having five in each and the dietary responses were statistically analyzed in a simple design. The bulls were given fishmeal ($30g{\cdot}hd^{-1}{\cdot}d^{-1}$), wheat bran (0.5% of Liveweight, LW) and allowed grazing for $5hrs{\cdot}d^{-1}$. Molasses supplementation significantly (p < 0.001) increased the dry matter intake (DMI) of the bulls of $M_{150}$ (35.8g) and of $M_{300}$ (42.9g) than the control ($30.4g{\cdot}kg^{-0.75}$). The daily LW gain of the bulls of the $M_{150}$ (982g) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the bulls of the control or of the $M_{300}$ diet. In the second experiment, a control group of four bulls was fed a straw diet. Treatment two groups, having four bulls in each, were fed a mixed diet of Leucaena leucocephala and Setaria splendida(1:1, DM basis) with (LSM) and without (LS) molasses at $100g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. The dietary responses were statistically analyzed in a simple design. The bulls of the LSM diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher DMI, DM digestibility and LW gain ($128g{\cdot}kg^{-0.75}$, $663g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $419g{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively) than the bulls of the LS diet ($98.3g{\cdot}kg^{-0.75}$, $583g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $292g{\cdot}d^{-1}$, respectively). But the differences between the LSM and the control were nonsignificant. It may be concluded that molasses may be utilized as supplement to straw at $150g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ or forages at $100g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ diet for the profitable beef production from young growing bulls.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 1996

흰굳음병균(B. bassiana)을 이용하여 효과적인 진균살충제 개발을 위해, 진균의 대량배양 체계에서 가장 중요한 고체배지를 저가의 농가부산물인 밀기울을 이용하여 조제하고, 고체배지의 물성, 수분, 온도 조건, 고체배지의 형태 및 크기에 따른 B. bassiana 포자의 성장을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 고체배지는 powder 형보다 pellet 형이 포자의 성장에 효과적이었으며, 고형제가 첨가된 P-II 배지보다는 첨가되지 않은 P-I 배지가 효율적이었다. 또 수분 요구량은 배지 : 물 (W/V)의 비율이 4:2 조건 이상, 온도조건은 2$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에서 높은 성장율을 보여주었다. 그리고 고체 배지의 형태에 따른 포자의 생산성은 S형 P-I 고체배지 (직경 3mm)에서 효과적이었다. 이상의 결과, S형 P-I 고체배지는 흰굳음병균 포자의 대량배양에 경제적이고, 효율적으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2006

맛버섯균의 균사 배양을 위한 최적배지는 버섯완전배지(MCM), 최적균사 생장온도는 25 C, 최적pH는 5.0이었다. 균사생장이 가장 양호한 탄소원은 GLUCOSE, MANNOSE, 질소원은 YEAST EXTRACT, PEPTONE 및 ASPARAGINE, 등 이었다. 톱밥 병재배시($850m{\ell}$) 30일 배양후 숙성일수에 따른 초발이소요일, 자실체 생육일 수 및 수량을 검토한 결과 숙성하지 않은 배양 30일 처리시 초발이소요일 15~20일, 병당 수량 79g인 반면 숙성일수가 가장 긴 배양 70일 처리시 초발이 소요일 6~9일, 병당 수량 98g으로 숙성 일수가 길수록 초발이소요일이 빠르고, 수량이 증가하는 경향이었다. PP봉지 재배시 배 850g 배지에서 초발이소요일 17~21일, 갓의 수 39개, 수량 157g으로 배지 회수율이 가장 양호하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1994

Twelve cross bred cows ($300{\pm}20kg$) were fed a basal ration consisting of 1 kg concentrate and untreated or urea treated rice with or without urea-molasses-wheat bran lick block supplementation. The lick blocks were prepared locally using cement as a binding agent. The experiment lasted for 48 days consisting of a preliminary period of 14 days and a measurement period of 34 days. Daily dry ma tter intake (DMI) of straw and lick block, and daily milk yield were recorded during the measurement period. Intake of lick block when fed with untreated straw (US) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than with urea treated (TS) straw (397 vs 307g $100kg^{-1}$), but lick block supplementation did not significantly affect the in take of US (1.80 vs 1.83kg $100kg^{-1}day^{-1}$) or TS (2.27 vs 2.17kg $100kg^{-1}day^{-1}$). Both urea treatment and lick block supplementation significantly increased (p < 0.01) the milk yield of cows, and the increase due to urea treatment was higher than that due to lick block supplementation. Benefit/cost ratio obtained for feeding US or TS with 1 kg dairy concentrate was similar (5.4), but the marginal return favours TS (5.4:1.0). The benefit/cost ratio for US and TS supplemented with lick block was 3.4 and 3.7. respectively, but the marginal return with US was higher than with TS (1.6:1.0 and 0.9:1.0, respectively).

• 미생물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.47-61
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• 1978

Strptomyces albus T-12 which ahd been isolated and identified in the laboratory, was selected for the studies on the cultural conditions on the production of D-xylose iosmerase and the enzymological characteristics using the partially purified enzyme. The best results in the enzyme production came from D-xylose medium than wheat bran. The divalent metla ions as $Co^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Zn^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+}$ retard or inhibit the cell-growth at the early stages of mycelia propagations, and T-12 strain is especially sensitive to $Co^{2+}$. After 60 hours of shaking cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ and 200 rpm, a maximum enzyme activitz, 0.49 enzyme units, was obtained. Cell-free enzyme obtained from mycelia heat-treated in the prescence of 0.5mM $Co^{2+}$, showed a 2.4-fold increase in specific than the enzyme from untreated mycelia. The specific activity of the purified enzyme through Sephadex G-150 columm showed 180 fold to the crude enzyme. The effective activators of the enzyme appeared to be $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions, and it exhibited the maximal enzyme activity showed at pH 7.0 and at tempersture around $80^{\circ}C$ when $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions were added. The enzyme isomerized D-glucose, D-xylose, D-ribose, L-arabinose, D-mannose, and L-rhamnose in the present of $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions as an activatiors. $Mg^{2+}\;and\;Co^{2+}$ ions were non-competitively bound at different allosterix sites of enzyme molecule. $Mg^{2+}(5mM)\;or\;Co^{2+}(1.0mM)$ protected against the thermal denaturations of the enzyme activities. The michelis constant(Km) and $V_{max}$ values of the emzyme for D-glucose and D-xylose were 0.52M, $2.12{\mu}moles/ml{\cdot}min.\;and\;0.28M,\;0.65moles/ml{\cdot}min.$, respectively.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.434-442
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• 1990

Aspergillus sp. CC-29 ws selected for its strong protease activity among various stains of molds found in soil. It was found that the production of alkaline protease reached to maximum when the wheat bran medium containing glucose as carbon source had been cultured for 4 days. Alkaline proteased was purified 36.10 fold from Aspergillus sp. CC-29 The purification procedures included ammonium sulfate fractunation gel filteration on Sepha-dex G-75 G-150 and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, The yield of the purified enzyme was 22.40% The purified enzyme was confirmed as a single band by the polyacryla-mide. When the purified enzyme was applied to SDS-PAGE the molecular weight was estima-ted 24000. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was 9.0 and the optimum temperature was 4$0^{\circ}C$ The reaction of this enzyme followed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with the Km value of 2.10$\times$10-4M with the Vmax of 29.41 $\mu$g/min. The enzyme was reactively stable in alkalic condition and unstable by heat treatment. The activity of alkaline protease was increased by the addition of Ca2+ whereas it was inhibited by Hg2+ Zn2+ at concentration of 1$\times$10-3M.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2005

To study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of cattle calves, twenty four, day old male crossbred cattle calves (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus), were distributed into two groups of 12 animals each. The animals were fed on calf starter containing wheat bran and green berseem ad libitum and milk as per requirement upto 8 weeks of age. The diet of calves of Group 2 was supplemented with 500 ml culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus-15. Total duration of the experiment was 31 weeks. There was no significant difference in intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) between the groups. The rumen pH, protozoa numbers, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-ppt N) and activity of microbial enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, amylase and protease) were not affected due to probiotic supplementation. Average live weight gain of the calves was improved (about 10%) and feed:gain ratio was reduced (about 5%) in the animals given Lactobacillus culture. The data indicated that crossbred calves could be reared on a diet devoid of cereal grain and addition of Lactobacillus culture in the diet resulted in an added advantage in growth performance of the animals.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2003

The study was conducted to determine the cultural conditions and the effect of inert fillers for melanization and sporulation abilities of sodium alginate pellets, and the weeding efficacy of the formula in the field. Melanin production of E. nematosporus was affected by striking frequency. Percentage of melanized beads was increased to 80.6% at higher rpm up to 180. The melanized pellets produced more conidia with abundant mucilage than unmelanized pellets. Shaker culture of Epicoccosorus nematosporus with sodium alginate yielded a total of 55 mg per 100 pellets. Percentage of melanized pellets was highest with 81.0% and 83.3% of melanization, when wheat bran and rice polish were amended and produced the conidia with 65.4 and 68.4 mg per 100 pellets, respectively. When 1 L of conidial suspension of 6.0$\times$$10^5$ conidia per ml was applied on 30-day-old plants in a plot, 74.5% of the plants were killed within 20 days, whereas, its melanized sodium alginate pellets killed 57.8% of the plants in the same period. The number of tuber formation of Eleocharis kuroguwai in the untreated control plots was 128.5 per plot, but those of the plots treated with conidial suspension and melanized pellets were 22.1 and 39.7, respectively, at the end of the season. Results of this study showed that melanization of mycelia-mixed sodium alginate are an important sporulation factor in E. namatosporus as a mycoherbicide.