• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.407-413
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• 2011

Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined in suboptimal temperature ($13.4{\pm}1.42^{\circ}C$). Five hundred forty fish averaging 79.2 g were randomly distributed into 27 of 300 L flow-through tanks (20 fish/tank). Nine treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with control (C) diet for 10 weeks (10WF-C); four fish groups were starved for 1 week and then fed with C, high protein (HP), high lipid (HL) and combined high protein and high lipid (HPL) diets for 9 weeks, referred to as 9WF-C, 9WF-HP, 9WF-HL, 9WF-HPL, respectively; and other four fish groups were starved for 2 weeks and then fed with C, HP, HL and HPL diets for 8 weeks, referred to as 8WF-C, 8WF-HP, 8WF-HL and 8WF-HPL, respectively. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish in 9WF-HP, 9WF-HPL, 8WF-HP and 8WF-HPL treatments were higher than those of fish in 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Feed efficiency of fish in 8WF-HP treatment was higher than that of fish in 9WF-C, 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Protein efficiency ratio of fish in 10WF-C, 8WF-C, 8WF-HP and 8WF-HPL treatments was higher that that of fish in 9WF-HL and 8WF-HL treatments. Juvenile olive flounder subjected to 2-week feed deprivation could achieve full compensatory growth with dietary supplementation of protein or combined high protein and high lipid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.272-277
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• 2012

Compensatory growth of grower olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was determined at suboptimal temperature ($13.0{\pm}1.9^{\circ}C$). Fifteen fish averaging 201.1 g per tank were distributed into 18 of 300 L flow-through tanks. Six treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with an extruded pellet to apparent satiation once a day for 16 weeks (16 WF); and the other five groups of fish were hand-fed for 15, 14, 13, 12 and 10 weeks after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-week feed deprivation, referred to as 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF, respectively. A linear relationship between body weight of fish and feed deprivation was observed: Y (Body weight of fish) = -1.81X (Weeks of feed deprivation)+201.07, $R^2$ = 0.83. Weight gain of grower olive flounder in 15 WF, 14 WF, 13 WF and 12 WF treatments was comparable to that of fish in 16 WF treatment, but lower than that of fish in 10 WF treatment. Specific growth rate of fish in 15 WF treatment was higher than that of fish in 16 WF, 14 WF and 10 WF treatments. Feed consumption of fish was not affected by feeding regime. Feed and protein efficiency ratios of fish in 15 WF treatment were higher than those of fish in 13 WF, 12 WF and 10 WF treatments. Grower olive flounder could achieve full compensatory growth when fish were daily fed for 12 weeks after 4-week feed deprivation at suboptimal temperature.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2010

The effects of dietary nutrient composition on compensatory growth of grower olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) under different feeding regimes at suboptimal temperature were determined. Four hundred five fish weighing 271.2 g were distributed into 27 300 L flow-through tanks (15 fish per tank). Nine treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed with control (C) diet for 12 weeks (12WF-C); four groups of fish were starved for 1 week and then fed C, high-protein (HP), high-lipid (HL), or combined high-protein and high-lipid (HPL) diets for 11 weeks; these groups are referred to as 11WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HL, and 11WF-HPL, respectively. Four other groups of fish were starved for 2 weeks and then fed C, HP, HL, and HPL diets for 10 weeks; these groups are referred to as 10WF-C, 10WF-HP, 10WF-HL, and 10WF-HPL, respectively. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish from 12WF-C group were greater than those of fish from 11WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HL, 10WF-C, 10WFHP, and 10WF-HL groups, but not different from those of fish from 11WF-HPL and 10WF-HPL groups. Feed-efficiency ratio of fish from 12WF-C, 11WF-HP, 11WF-HPL, 10WF-HL, and 10WF-HPL groups was higher than that of fish in 11WF-C, 11WF-HL, 10WF-C, and 10WF-HP groups. The results of this study demonstrated that grower olive flounder subjected to 1- or 2-week feed deprivation were able to achieve full compensatory growth at suboptimal temperature only when fed HPL diet.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 1993

텅스텐 박막 증착의 메카니즘을 밝히기 위하여 먼저 SiH4와 WF6의 열분해 반응에 관한 열역학적 결과들과 표면 촉매 반응에 대한 이론적인 결과들을 고찰하였다. 실험적으론 저압 화학기상 증착법을 이용하여 WF6를 SiH4로 환원시켜 텅스텐 박막을 Si(100) 기판위에 증착하였으며 증착반응 중의 기판 표면의 변화를 in-situ로 측정하였다. 증착 메카니즘을 밝히기 위하여 반응기체를 WF6, SiH4, WF6＋SiH4, WF6$\longrightarrow$SiH4$\longrightarrow$WF6＋SiH4로 달리하여 반응시켰으며 그 때의 박막 특성과 표면 및 단면 형상을 측정하였다. 이론적인 고찰과 실험적인 결과들로부터 텅스텐 박막은 먼저 Si 기판에 의한 WF6의 환원반응으로 인한 증착과 이어서 SiH4에 의한 WF6의 환원으로 증착됨을 밝혔다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.128-131
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• 2005

The effects of alternate-week feeding strategies on growth and feed efficiency ratio of juvenile Nile tilapia were investigated in a recirculating aquaculture system. Twenty fish initially weighing 25.5 g were randomly distributed into each of 18 tanks to conduct three replicates for each of six different feeding strategies. Weight gain of fish in the control that were fed daily for 6-week feeding trial was significantly higher than those of fish subjected to various alternate-week feeding regimes. Weight gain of fish that were starved for 3 weeks and then fed daily for 3 weeks (3WS+3WF) was not significantly different from that of fish, starved and fed daily for alternate 1-week period during the trial (1WS+1WF), but was significantly higher than those of fish starved for 2 weeks, and fed for 2 weeks (2WS+2WF); fish starved for 4 weeks and fed for 2 weeks (4WS+2WF); and fish fed for 5 weeks and fed for 1 week (5WS+1WF.) The amount of feed supplied to fish in the groups of 1WS+1WF and 3WS+3WF was significantly lower than that fed to fish in the control group, but significantly higher than the amount feed supplied to fish in the other three groups. Feed efficiency ratio for fish in the control group did not differ from that for fish in the groups of 1WS+1WF, 2WS+2WF and 3WS+3WF, but was significantly higher than that for fish in the groups of 4WS+2WF and 5WS+1WF. In conclusion, juvenile Nile tilapia that were subject to starvation for 1 to 5 weeks did not exhibit compensatory growth sufficient to attain the same weight as fish fed daily for 6 weeks. In addition, fish subjected to starvation exhibited low feed efficiency ratio compared to fish fed daily, which were probably attributable to poor weight gain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1353-1356
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• 2000

최근 B2B 시스템 통합 및 전략적 제휴가 시장을 변화시키고 있고 관련 기업들의 효율적인 연계요구가 증가됨에 따라 기업간 시스템들의 연동이 중요한 문제로 부각되고 있다. 워크플로우 표준화 단체인 WfMC 에서도 이러한 문제 해결의 일환으로 인터넷을 통한 워크플로우 관리 시스템간 연동을 위한 표준인 Wf-XML Interoperability standard 를 발표하였다. 본 논문은 Wf-XML 표준 및 관련 연구들을 조사하고 WfMC 표준에는 정의되어 있지 않으나 시스템간의 신뢰성있는 연동을 위해 고려할 사항 중에서 동기적 및 비동기적 상호연동을 위한 요구사항들을 분석한다. TCP/IP 를 기반으로 한 HTTP 프로토콜을 전송 프로토콜로 채택하는 경우 여러 오퍼레이션들을 일괄처리하기 위해서는 비동기적인 상호연동(asynchronous interoperation)을 위한 별도의 메커니즘이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Wf-XML 문서를 HTTP 프로토콜을 사용하여 전송하는 경우 일괄처리요청(batch request) 및 그 밖의 동기적 또는 비동기적 요청들을 처리하기 위한 상호연동 모델을 분석하고 분산 워크플로우 시스템의 일종인 ICU/COWS에서의 적용방안에 관해서 논의한다.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2012

In order to reproduce Sanghwabyung that people in the past made and ate at Yuduil (June 6th by lunar calendar) among our traditional rice cakes, this study manufactured Sanghwabyung with black wheat flour by adding the wheat bran and Nuruk powder as leavening source, according to the old cook book "Gyuhapchongseo" and analyzed the quality characteristics. As a result of total phenol and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity of black wheat contents showed the gradual increase significantly (p < 0.001). The number of lactic acid bacteria was $6.72{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL just after preparation, and the number of yeast was $5.59{\times}10^7 $ CFU/mL. The number of lactic acid bacteria and yeast increased after 24 h to $8.48{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL and $5.40{\times}10^7$ CFU/mL. Hard-ness was the lowest in WF30%, compared with the C and the highest in BF100% and WF100%. The more the added portion increased in WF30% and BF30%, the more the hardness increased significantly (p < 0.001). The cohesiveness was the highest in WF30%, compared with C and BF30%, the lowest. It was shown significantly different between the C and WF and BF sample groups (p < 0.01). Springiness was the highest in WF10% and WF50%, compared with that in C and BF100%, which were the lowest. Springiness decreased significantly (p < 0.001) ad-ded portion increased between WF30% and BF30%. Gumminess was the highest in BF100% and WF100%, whereas that of WF20% was the lowest (p < 0.001). Chew-iness was the highest in BF100% and WF100% (p < 0.001).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: The water footprint (WF) is an indicator of freshwater use that appears not only at direct water use of a consumer or producer, but also at the indirect water use. As an indicator of 'water use', the water footprint includes the green, blue, and grey WF, and differs from the classical measure of 'water withdrawal' because of green and grey WF. This study was conducted to assess and estimate the water footprint of the soybean and Chinese cabbage. METHODS AND RESULTS: APEX model with weather data, soil and water quality data from NAS (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences), and farming data from RDA (Rural Development Administration) was operated for analyzing the WF of the crops. As the result of comparing the yield estimated from APEX with the yield extracted from statistic data of each county, the coefficients of determination were 0.83 for soybean and 0.97 for Chinese cabbage and p-value was statistically significant. The WFs of the soybean and Chinese cabbage at production procedure were 1,985 L/Kg and 58 L/Kg, respectively. This difference may have originated from the cultivation duration. The WF ratios of soybean were 91.1% for green WF and 8.9% for grey WF, but the WF ratios of Chinese cabbage were 41.5% for green WF and 58.5% for grey WF. CONCLUSION: These results mean that the efficiency of water use for soybean is better than that for Chinese cabbage. The results could also be useful as an information to assess environmental impact of water use and agricultural farming on soybean and Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.561-571
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• 2012

The MTF(Modulation Transfer Function) is one of quality assesment factors to evaluate the performance of satellite images. Image restoration is needed for MTF compensation, but it is an ill-posed problem and doesn't have a certain solution. Lots of filters were suggested to solve this problem, such as Inverse Filter(IF), Pseudo Inverse Filter(PIF) and Wiener Filter(WF). The most commonly used filter is a WF, but it has a limitation on distinguishing signal and noise. The L-curve-based Modified Wiener Filter(MWF) is a solution technique using a Tikhonov regularization method. The L-curve is used for estimating an optimal regularization parameter. The image restoration was performed with Dubaisat-1 images for PIF, WF, and MWF. It is found that the image restored with MWF results in more improved MTF by 20.93% and 10.85% than PIF and WF, respectively.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2017

Facial appearance is greatly influenced by illumination conditions, and therefore illumination variation is one of the factors that degrades performance of face recognition systems. In this paper, we propose a robust method for face representation under varying illumination conditions, combining non-alpha Weberface (non-alpha WF) and histogram equalization. We propose a two-step method: (1) for a given face image, non-alpha WF, which is not applied a parameter for adjusting the intensity difference between neighboring pixels in WF, is computed; (2) histogram equalization is performed to non-alpha WF, to make a uniform histogram distribution globally and to enhance the contrast. $(2D)^2PCA$ is applied to extract low-dimensional discriminating features from the preprocessed face image. Experimental results on the extended Yale B face database and the CMU PIE face database show that the proposed method yielded better recognition rates than several illumination processing methods as well as the conventional WF, achieving average recognition rates of 93.31% and 97.25%, respectively.