• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2007

We fabricated the Ni plate by electroforming process and evaluated the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear behavior of the Ni plate. Specifically, the effects of addition of wetting agents, SF 1 and SF 2 solutions, on the microstructure and properties were investigated. The microstructure and surface morphology were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively, and friction coefficient was measured by the ball-on-disk method. We found that the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni plate were changed with kind and amount of wetting agents used. The hardness and tensile strength of Ni plate formed without wetting agents was 228 Hv and 660.7 MPa, respectively, whiled when wetting agent was added, those were improved to be 739 Hv and 1286.3 MPa. These improvements were probably due to the finer grain size and less crystallization of Ni. In addition, when both wetting agents were added, the friction coefficient was reduced from 0.73 to 0.67 which is partially caused by the improved hardness and smooth surface.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1998

It is rather important in the water and oil repellent finishing for wool fabric what kind of water-repellent agents will be used. In many cases, Fluorocarbon-based water-repellent agents(eg.Oleophobol-S), the surface tensions of which very low, were recom-mended on account of good water and oil repellencies. In repellent finishing, fabrics were padded in a bath which contained aqueous solution of water-repellent agents, and wetting agents, followed by drying and curing. The most suitable treating condition for excellent repellency was as follows Fabrics were padded at liquor pick-up ratio of 50%, with aqueous solution which contained $30g/\ell$ of water-repellent agents, and $40g/\ell$ of wetting agents. And the padded fabrics were dried at $110^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute, and cured at $160^\circ{C}$ for 2 minutes. For the fabrics, water and oil repellencies and durability to repeated dry-cleanings are observed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.925-931
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• 2007

We successively fabricated the Ni metal mask by additive method and evaluated the effects of wetting agents addition on the microstructure, hardness, and friction coefficient. In the process, the additive patterns with fine hole and pitch were made by photolithography technique and subsequently Ni plate was electroformed on the patterns. We found that the microstructure and mechanical properties were significantly varied when the different combinations of the wetting agents were used. When the wetting agents of both SF-1 and SF-2 were added, the microstructure consisted of crystal and amorphous phases, the grain size reduced to 5-40 nm, the RMS value decreased to 11.4 nm and the wear resistance improved. In addition, the hardness was as high as 638 Hv which is higher than that of commercial stainless steel mask and this improvement is probably due to the presence of amorphous Phase and fine grain size. The improvement of the wear resistance can provide a higher reliability and a longer service life.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

It is important in the durable water and oil repellent finishing for wool fabric what kinds of water-repellent agents will be used. Water repellent agents and its concentration were aleady chosen in the previous paper, one of the crosslinking agents which has less damages(harsh handle or yellowing) to the treated fabrics was a low molecular weight urethane-based resins(eg. Elastron BN-11). In repellent finishing, fabrics were padded in a bath which contained aqueous solution of water-repellent agents, and crosslinking agents, and wetting agents, followed by drying and curing. The most suitable treating condition for excellent repellency and durability to dry-cleaning was as follows ： Fabrics are padded at liquor pick-up ratio of 50%, with aqueous solution which contained $30g/\ell$ of water-repellent agents, and $1g/\ell$ of crosslinking agents, and 40g/s of wetting agents. And the padded fabrics were dried at $110^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute, and cured at $160^\circ{C}$ for 1 minute. For the fabrics, water and oil repellencies and durability to repeated dry-cleanings were observed. For enhancing the durability to dry-cleaning, the role of crosslinking agents was important for they bonds water-repellent agents and fibers to 3-dimensional net structure. Therefore, the most suitable drying and curing conditions should be selected according to the kinds of crosslinking agents.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

Wetting agent is a substance that reduces the soil water repellency and causes a liquid to spread more easily into the soil. Wetting agents are well known as to improve irrigation efficiency. Phosphorus is one of the 17 essential nutrient elements and promote faster seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate wetting agent and P rates for fast germination and establishment of Kentucky bluegrass. Three levels of wetting agent which were 0.23, 0.46, and $0.92ml\;m^{-2}$ were applied and the P treatments were 5, 10, and $15g\;m^{-2}$. The medium and high rate of wetting agent at the high P rate had the greatest turfgrass coverage and took 28 days to reach 50% turfgrass coverage regardless of P application. Based on this study, wetting agent is effective for fast germination and establishment of Kentucky bluegrass if sufficient phosphorus is applied.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.730-733
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• 2001

Separation of PET and PVC is a key technology to achieve effective plastics recycling but no efficient and economically feasible method has been developed yet. The application of flotation was investigated by many researchers but the causes of the selectivity were not clarified. This paper described the adsorption mechanism of wetting agents onto plastics, using the agents which have various polarity and hydrocarbon chain length. It was found that (1) hydrophobic interaction played a predominant role for the adsorption, (2) anionic wetting agents could be adsorbed onto negatively charged plastics with the polar radicals oriented outer part of the plastics, then often depressed plastics more effectively than cationic agents, and (3) PET and PVC could be separated with dodecyamine hydrochloride and sodium dodecyl- sulfonate in the concentration ranges of 1.0$\times$10$^{[-10]}$ $^{6}$ -5.0$\times$10$^{[-10]}$ $^{5}$ and 2.0$\times$10$^{[-10]}$ $^{6}$ -1.0$\times$10$^{[-10]}$ $^{5}$ mo1/1, respectively.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

본 연구는 침윤소화약제의 소화성능평가를 위해 실규모 소화실험을 수행하였다. 실험은 '수동식소화기의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준'에 명시되어 있는 A급 소화실험 방법에 따라 진행하였으며, 목재 외에도 목분과 왕겨를 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 소화용수는 물과 국내에서 사용되고 있는 3종의 침윤소화약제를 사용하여 성능평가 실험을 진행함으로써 물과 침윤소화약제의 명확한 변별력을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과 물의 경우에서 내부 온도의 유지시간이 길게 유지되고 침윤소화약제의 경우 빠른 온도 하강을 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 시간에 따른 온도분포를 통해 소화능력의 변별력을 확인하였다. 본 실험 결과를 바탕으로 추후 최적화 침윤소화약제 성능평가 방법을 제시하는데 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 청정기술
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 플러스, 솔더, 그리스와 같은 오염물질을 효과적으로 세정하기 위하여 글리콜 에테르계, 파라핀계 및 실록산계 물질을 배합한 탄화수소계 세정제를 제조하고 습윤지수, 아닐린점 그리고 용해도 매개변수 등의 세정성능에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 탄화수소계 세정제의 배합은 단일물질의 물성에 기초하여 제조되었다. 제조된 세정제의 습윤지수와 아닐린 점은 실험을 통하여 측정하였으며 용해도 매개변수는 Hansen의 추정식을 사용하여 계산하였다. 본 연구에서는 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물을 사용하여 세정제의 세정성능 평가를 진행하였다. 실험결과 배합 세정제의 세정성능이 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물 세정에 매우 우수하게 나타났으며 오염물에 따라 세정효율에 영향을 미치는 변수가 다르게 나타났다. 플럭스 세정에서는 플럭스($21.3MPa^{1/2}$)와 유사한 용해도 매개변수의 MC($20.3MPa^{1/2}$), DF-1($24.2MPa^{1/2}$), DF-2($21.5MPa^{1/2}$)세정제가 3분 이내에 100%의 세정효율을 보였다. 그리고 솔더 세정에서는 -$20^{\circ}C$ 이하의 아닐린점인 CFC-113, MC, 1,1,1-TCE가 높은 세정효율을 보였다. 그리스 세정에서는 그리스의 용해도 매개변수($15.0{\sim}17.0\;MPa^{1/2}$)와 가장 유사한 DG-1 세정제($16.2\;MPa^{1/2}$)와 DG-2 세정제($15.5\;MPa^{1/2}$)의 세정효율이 비교적 저조하였고 습윤지수가 크고 아닐린 점이 낮은 CFC-113과 MC가 세정효율이 우수하였다. 본 연구를 통해 플럭스, 솔더, 그리스의 오염물을 세정하기 위해 글리콜 에테르계, 파라핀계 및 실록산계 물질을 알맞게 배합하여 CFC-113, MC, 1,1,1-TCE와 같은 규제물질을 대체할 수 있는 탄화수소계 세정제를 개발할 수 있었다. 그리고 습유지수, 아닐린점, 용해도 매개변수 등과 같은 세정성 영향을 검토하여 비수계 세정제의 세정성능을 예측하고 세정제의 배합에 적용할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.974-978
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• 1999

면섬유에 대한 정련제로서 NP-7(polyoxyethylene(7) nonylphenyl ether) 및 TDA-7((polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether)을 인산에스테르화 반응시켜 PAPE(sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl phosphoric ester)형 음이온 계면활성제인 sodium polyoxyethylene(7) nonylphenyl phosphoric ester(CPB-1)와 sodium polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl phosphoric ester(CPB-2)를 각각 합성하였다. 합성한 CPB-1과 CPB-2를 기존의 상용제품인 Ultravon GP(GP)와 각 기능별로 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과 상온 및 $100^{\circ}C$에서의 억포 및 파포력이 CPB-2>CPB-1>GP의 순으로 CPB-2의 기포가 가장 적었고, 또한 가장 빨리 파포되어졌다. 증류수에서의 침윤효과는 CPB-1>GP>CPB-2의 순으로 나타났으나, 실제 일반 정련에서 많이 사용하는 1.2 wt % NaOH 수용액에서의 침윤효과는 전반적으로 CPB-2가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 섬유가공시의 정련조건인 알카리 상태에서의 안정성은 $CPB-2{\geq}CPB-1$>GP의 순으로 나타났으며, 재흡수력 실험결과 CPB-2>CPB-1>GP의 순으로 CPB-2의 정련력이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2018

A basic sprinkler system is a fire extinguishing system that can be easily installed in a fire-vulnerable place such as a publicly used establishments. However, the publicly used establishments are not only complicated in structure, but also have a large amount of flammable interior materials, and the users are not normally in a normal state, which is a very dangerous fire-fighting object. Therefore, due to the low fire extinguishing performance of the basic sprinkler system installed in the publicly used establishments, the fire suppression control can not be performed quickly in case of fire, which may increase the life and property damage. In this study, the cases of quantitative changes of extinguishing water used in basic sprinkler system and the cases of addition of additives such as wetting agents, reinforced agents to improve extinguishing performance were compared. Experimental results showed that the extinguishing performance was improved as the quantity of extinguishing water increase and the reinforced agents showed similar performance to that of 60% increase in the amount of extinguishing water. The cooling time to $200^{\circ}C$ and oxygen concentration were improved up to 14.3% and 34.5%, respectively. In the case of using the wetting agent, the cooling time to $200^{\circ}C$ and oxygen concentration did not show any significant improvement, but showed the effect of preventing deep seated fire. In order to prevent loss of life and property, it is necessary to improve the performance of the basic sprinkler system by increasing amount of extinguishing water or using additives like reinforced agents.