• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.426-430
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• 2001

Treatment efficiency and plant growth of a combined Pond-Wetland system was investigated. The system is composed of primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells. Reed and cattail were planted as vegetation of wetland cells. The removal rates of BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P were 40%, 41%, 30%, and 47% at the secondary pond, respectively. The system removal rates measured at the last wetland cell were 57%, 54%, 60%, and 68% for BOD, SS, T-N, and T-P, respectively.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to compare and analyze plant monitoring results of 2012 and 2013 for three artificial wetlands of Binae, Sedo, and Okpo areas in Namhan river, Keum river, and Nakdong river respectively. As the results, the Binae wetland in 2013 shows the same environment with 2012, that is, Willow and Common reed were dominant and the distributed plants in the wetland were Phragmites japonica Steud, Carex dispalta Boott, and Humulus japonicus in lowland of river side. Especially, Humulus japonicus was increased in summer season and Willow was increased in lowland of 초원. In Okpo wetland, Water chestnut was appeared in 2013 which it was not in 2012. Reed distribution was reduced in 2013 comparing to 2012 but Pussy willow distribution was not changed in 2013. In Sedo wetland, Secondary grassland was artificially planted in 2013 and so the colony was changed to Chinese Lespedeza and also most of plant colony was changed to Colt's-tail. Therefore, we can know that wetted transition rather than dried transition will be occurred in the Binae wetland. However, the Okpo wetland has monotonic change and so the transition will be proceeded with long time. The Sedo wetland showed wetted and dried transitions exist together. Therefore, the wetland will be changed to Reeds, Common reed, and Willow colonies.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.38 no.3 s.113
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• pp.393-402
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• 2005

The field scale experiment was performed to examine the effect of plant coverage on the constructed wetland performance and recommend the optimum development and management of macrophyte communities. Four sets (each set of 0.88 ha) of wetland (0.8 ha) and pond (0.08 ha) systems were used. Water flowing into the Seokmoon estuarine reservoir from the Dangjin stream was pumped into wetland system. Water depth was maintained at 0.3 ${\sim}$ 0.5 m and hydraulic retention time was managed to about 2 ${\sim}$ 5 days; emergent plants were allowed to grow in the wetlands. After three growing seasons of the construction of wetlands, plant coverage was about 90%, even with no plantation, from bare soil surfaces at the initial stage. During the start up period of constructed wetlands, lower water levels should be maintained to avoid flooding newly plants, if wetland plants are to be started from germinating seeds. Effluent T-N concentration in low plant coverage wetland was higher in winter than high plant coverage wetland, whereas no T-P effluent concentration and removal efficiency difference was observed within 15% plant coverage. Dead vegetation affected nitrogen removal during winter because it is a source of organic carbon which is an essential parameter in denitrification. Biomass harvesting is not a realistic management option for most constructed wetland systems because it could only slightly increase the removal rate and provide a minor nitrogen removal pathway due to lack of organic carbon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2014

This study is carried out to offer the raw data for conservation and management of tidal flat ecosystem by surveying and analysing the flora distributed in Daesong tidal flat wetland, Ahnsan-si, Gyeonggi-do coast, Korea. The results of surveying the flora were recorded as 186 taxa including 45 families, 121 genera, 170 species, 14 varieties and 2 forms. The halophytes checked around this site were 20 taxa including Atriplex gmelinii, Salicornia europaea, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica, Phragmites communis, Carex scabrifolia and so forth. Polygonum bellardii that species had ecological value was the specific plant by floristic region. The growth locations of halophytes were 11 taxa of upper, 4 taxa of high tide line and 5 taxa of lower. The naturalized plants were 42 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Melilotus alba, Veronica persica, Bidens pilosa, Leptochloa fusca and so forth. Because Aster subulatusand Leptochloa fusca grew a upper tidal flat wetland, they had the characteristics of halophytes. The focuses on the management of Daesong wetland were halophytes and naturalized plants. Firstly, to maintain a halophytes communities, we will sow the halophytes seeds and plant the individuals. And In-Situ conservation was applied to Polygonum bellardii habitat. Secondly, to prevent the genesis of naturalized plant, we will don't disturb around the wetland environment. The invasive alien plant, Lactuca scariola, was removed by periodic monitoring and purification activity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the basis information for ecological conservation and restoration of Jangdo wetland conservation area through the survey of vegetation diversity and spatial distribution characteristics. Syntaxonomic account of plant communities were carried out field survey by Z.-M. school method at 14 sites and relationship analysis between plant community and environment variables with Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Based on the floristic composition, all the plots were classified into xeric and hydric type and arranged in seven plant communities. Spatial distribution of plant communities is determined primarily by the soil moisture condition and amount of organic matter. Hydric vegetation is around 8% ($7,337m^2$) of the protected area and distributed swamp forest of dominating willows under 18 years. Proliferation of willows are recognised extended from edge to centre after in 1990's caused by fallow and control of livestock grazing on wetland. Jangdo wetland will have to readjust the protection boundary because wet meadow zone and swamp forest have been distributed outside the protection area.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

This study was carried out to obtain basic ecological information required for wetland restoration in Korea where wetland is very deficient. To arrive at the objective, we collected the basic ecological information for wetland restoration in four Doombeongs located on Goesan of Chungcheongbuk-do (province), central Korea where maintains relatively integrate feature of Doombeong. Synthesized horizontal distribution of vegetation based on vegetation established naturally except that established by artificial interference, Potamogeton distinctus community, Spirodela polyrhiza community, Sagittaria aginashi community, Trapa japonica community, Scirpus triangulatus community, and Sparganium japonicum community, Persicaria thunbergii community, Juncus effusus var. decipiens community, Ludwigia prostrata community, Humulus japonicus community, Persicaria nodosa community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites communis - P. japonica community, and Scirpus radicans community, S. gracilistyla community, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora community, and Rosa multiflora community, and Salix koreensis community and Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala community tended to be established in aquatic zone, herbaceous plant dominated vegetation zone, shrub dominated vegetation zone, and tree and sub-tree dominated vegetation zone, respectively. As the result of DCA ordination based on vegetation data collected from several Doombeongs and their surrounding areas, plant communities tended to be classified into aquatic, wetland, and riparian plant dominated stands. Spatial niche and species composition of major plant communities composing those stands were suggested as the reference information for creating ecological pond as a type of wetland. Further, the importance of wetland and the necessity of wetland restoration was discussed based on functions that the wetland displays.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to create an artificial wetland in rooftop greening. We monitored species and changes of flora in wetland and rooftop greening. As shown the consideration and possibility of supplying the artificial wetland in rooftop greening through flora in wetland, this study tried to find methods to create a efficient flora space. This results are listed as belows. The species were applied to artificial wetland in rooftop greening and come up to 'General standard for selecting plants' among hydrophyte in wetlands. The plants of Potentilla kleiniana, Penthorum chinense, Scirpus radicans, Scirpus triqueter, Veronica undulata, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens, Salvia plebeian, Sagittaria aginashi, Aneilema keisak, Stachys riederi, Alisma canaliculatum, Eclipta prostrata, Sparganium stoloniferum turned out an appropriate species. This research was expected to create a various environment and component of species by introducing many types of plants in ecological wetland on rooftop greening.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

The performance and characteristics of nutrient removal in wetlands influenced by plant type. We tested a floating plant, Eichhornia crassipes, and a submerged plant, Ceratophyllum demersum, under the same environmental conditions to understand the differences in nutrient uptake by these different plant forms. The total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water decreased in the following order: Water Only < Water + Soil < Floating Plants ${\approx}$ Submerged Plants and Water Only < Water+Soil < Floating Plants < Submerged Plants. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations increased in both plants; however, the phosphorous concentration was greater in C. demersum than E. crassipes. The submerged plant exhibited higher phosphorus uptake per unit biomass than the floating plant, but nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the presence of soil influences nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water, and that wetland plants play an important role in the assimilation and precipitation of phosphorus. Understanding the differences in contaminant removal performance and characteristics of various plant forms can help in the selection of diverse plants for constructed wetlands to improve water quality and provide ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat and landscape enhancement.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.94-98
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• 2011

Proximate chemical components (protein, oil, carbohydrate, ash, fiber, and starch) were determined from tubers grown in upland and wetland conditions. The contents of crude protein, oil, carbohydrate, and starch were higher in upland condition than in wetland condition. Eight gibberellins were commonly identified and quantified in leaves and tuber of chufa grown in wetland and upland field during growing season. Gibberellin content was always higher specifically in the leaves and tubers grown in wetland condition than in those grown in upland condition. The current knowledge of gibberellin biosynthesis suggests that the two endogenous bio-active gibberellins both $GA_1$ and $GA_4$ are differently metabolized according to cultural conditions. Major gibberellin biosynthesis route is ascertained dominantly the non C-13 hydroxylation pathway leading $GA_4$ in chufa plants.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.57-73
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• 2017

The formation of the lava dam of the paleo lake blocked the entrance to the Chatancheon River on the Jeongok lava plateau and it suddenly transformed the terrestrial ecosystem into the aquatic one by the overflow. The spiders in the lava dam adapted in the wetland and evolved into water spiders that could survive by forming bubble houses. Since then, the lava dam was connected to the present Hantangang River due to the dissection and the lake became a terrestrial environment, a small area of marsh composed of primarily clay soil layer. Change in water level of the habitat and thus the extension of the terrestrial area made the species a endangered now. This study carried out frequency of occurrence, degree of wetness and plant habitats of the vascular plant in the water spider habitat. As a result of this study, total 180taxa are of 55 (30.6%) wetland plant groups and of 113 (62.8%) upland plant groups except facultative plant groups. Among the wetland plant groups, the Isachne globosa community occupied the largest area, where the water spiders were most observed. The result of this study, the classification and the types of vascular plant species, would provide useful information for the sustaining healthy wetland ecosystem and the restoration of the habitat for the water spiders.