• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-141
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• 2006

Insect fauna in adjacent areas of Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Korea was surveyed seasonally in $2001{\sim}2003$. The survey area was divided into 3 regions (eastern mountain, middle inland, and western coastal regions) in accordance with administrative districts and topography. Sampling methods such as sweeping, sieving, beating, brushing and suction were used depending on the environmental and military conditions. Total 361 genera and 437 species of 116 families belonging to 14 orders were identified. Among these, 46 species were new to insect fauna of DMZ areas. Species richness was the highest in the eastern mountain region. Numbers of habitat-common and -specific species were 96 (22%) and 195 (47.2%), respectively. The insect species community similarity was highest (0.64) between eastern mountain region and western coastal region. Insect orders showing high species richness were Coleoptera (38.9%), Lepidoptera (19.2%), Orthoptera (9.4%), and Hemiptera (9.2%). These results will be useful information for study of history on the change of insect fauna and future conservation in DMZ areas.

• 환경생물
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2007

Marine environmental characteristics on the dinoflagellate cysts distribution in surface sediment of the southwest sea of Korea were investigated from 21 stations in September 2003, and 36 stations in June, 2004. The water mass characteristics indicated that the southwest sea of Korea is characterized by various oceanographic conditions due to coastal waters of Korea and China. The Tsushima warm currents and the cold bottom water of the Yellow Sea. Mud contents and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in central region such as, Namhaedo, Yeosu and Goheung coast than in western region such as, Wando, Haenam and Jindo coast in the South Sea of Korea. A total of 35 taxa of dinoflagellate cysts were identified representing 21 genera, 33 species, 2 unidentified species. Cyst abundance ranged from 13 to 527 cysts $g-dry^{-1}$, showing higher abundance in the coastal areas than in western region of the South Sea of Korea. From the result of the PCA analysis, the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts was not only related to the different water masses which appeared in the southwestern sea but also to physical and biological parameters such as water temperature, light, surface sediment faces and phytoplankton biomass.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.354-357
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• 2005

The in vitro degradability of yeast and the effect of yeast on the in vitro degradability of forage may differ in terms of the specific yeast strains or their incubation conditions. Thus in experiment 1, two strains of sake yeast (strainK7 and strainK9) and one strain of bakers' yeast (KY5649) were incubated in an aerobic condition. In experiment 2, aerobically or anaero bically incubated K7 was used for investigating the in vitro degradability of yeast, the effect of yeast on the in vitro degradability of forage, and the degradability of yeast by pepsin and pronase treatment. The in vitrodegradability of bakers' yeast was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of sake yeasts. The in vitro degradability of anaerobically incubated yeast was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of aerobically incubated yeast. The degradability of bakers' yeast by pepsin treatment was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of the sake yeasts. The degradability of bakers' yeast by pronase treatment was slightly higher than that of the two sake yeasts, while the degradability of anaerobically incubated yeast by both enzymes, respectively, was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of aerobically incubated yeast. The degradability of forages was increased significantly (p<0.05) by the addition of yeasts. The degradability of roughage by sake yeast tended to be higher than that by the bakers' yeast. The degradability of roughage was significantly (p<0.05) higher by anaerobically incubated yeast than by aerobically incubated yeast. Given the above results, it seems that in vitro degradability of yeast and the magnitude of the increment of roughage degradation differ among the yeast strains and their incubation conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.806-810
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• 2006

Candida utilis can assimilate fatty acids, so it was hypothesized that the treatment of rice by Candida utilis would improve feed quality by reducing fat content and adding the yeast function that would stimulate rumen microbes. In this study, the oil assimilation ability of Candida utilis IFO1086, 0988, 0626 and the effect of treatment of Candida utilis IFO1086, IFO0626 on the nutrient contents of rice bran were examined. The effect of Candida utilis addition on the in vitro degradability of forage was also investigated. It was found that the oil assimilating ability of IFO1086 and IFO0626 was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that of IFO0988. Candida utilis treatment reduced the EE content and increased the CP, ADF and NDF percentage. The absolute amount of ether extract was decreased by 35.9% in IFO1086 and IFO0626 treatment. The absolute amount of crude protein was not changed by yeast treatment. The ADF and NDF amounts were increased. The addition of Candida utilis increased in vitro forage degradability significantly (p<0.05). Based on these results it can be postulated that treatment of rice bran by Candida utilis may improve feed quality by reducing fat content, increasing the CP content and adding the function of yeast for stimulating rumen microbes.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.623-634
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• 2010

제주도 서부지역에서 밀집하여 나타나는 고가수조는 제주도 농업경관의 큰 특징을 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 서부지역에서 고가수조가 밀집하여 나타나는 원인에 대하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 고가수조의 밀집은 기후, 수리지질구조, 토양, 지형, 토지이용의 복합적인 영향을 받아 형성된 것임을 알 수 있었다. 특히 제주도의 고가수조는 배수가 양호한 토양, 수리지질 특성으로 인해서 스프링클러를 이용해 지속적으로 물을 공급해야만 하는 재배방식과 연관이 깊다. 본 연구 결과는 제주도 농경지대의 밀집 고가수조 경관이 제주도의 자연환경 아래에서 농부들이 적응하는 과정에서 형성된 독특한 농업경관임을 보여준다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2012

Objective: This study aimed to summarize and analyze the usage of and the satisfaction levels with combined treatment including Oriental and Western medicine. Methods: We searched studies on the usage of and the satisfaction levels with combined treatment including Oriental and Western medicine over the past 10 yrs (2001-2011) from 3 Korean databases (National Assembly Library, Research Information Service System, and National Discovery for Science Leaders). The reviewers also conducted a summarizing analysis by sampling the literature according to the type of study, study period, region, study subjects, sample size, type of sampling, research method, data analysis, study instruments, main results, etc. Results: When the main results of six studies on combined treatment usage and satisfaction levels were considered together, the most important decisive factor in determining the usage of combined treatment was the illness of the patient, followed by the patient's occupation, sex, age, education, marital status, religion, treatment cost, and treatment results. In addition, the most important factor that determined satisfaction levels with combined treatment was age, followed by education, religion, income, health status, treatment procedures, staff attitude, and cleanliness. Conclusions: Elderly patients with musculoskeletal, cerebro-vascular, and circulatory system illnesses are more likely to prefer combined treatment over independent Oriental or Western treatment and are more likely to request specialized, adjusted medical care.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2013

This paper compared and analyzed costume design shown in two movies that was adapted from the same original work, 'Snow White'. One movie consists of a western director and a western designer team while the other movie is shot by an Asian director and an Asian designer team. Two movies show similarity and difference in expression of characters in 'Snow White'. The findings are as followed;- Both movies project an image of modern women, which is mainly represented by active and confident women, However, Ishioka Eiko, the costume designer of < Mirror, Mirror >, created unique costume in the movie by applying splendid and vivid colors to western costume to make exotic feeling. On the other hand, Colleen Atwood, who was inspired by costume in each historic period and region of the Western. created costume that was closer to the tradition of the Western in his movie, < Snow White and the Huntsman >. The purpose of this study is to help the Korean movie industry to find a way to advance to the world market by fully understanding how the Easterners and the Westerners feel and express 'Snow White'. Moreover, this study may present a chance to review importance and value of the movie costume design area.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.340-355
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• 1996

본 연구는 원양 다랭이 연승 어업의 어획량을 데이터 베이스 처리하여 합리적인 조업 계획의 수립과 어장 선정에 대한 기초 자료를 제공 하고자 하였다. 어획량 자료는 국립수산진흥원에서 발행한 '75~'92년의 18년 간의 12종의 다랭이 및 새치류의 통계자료를 이용하였으며, 데이터 베이스 처리를 위한 프로그램은 Quick basic으로 작성하였다. 데이터 베이스 프로그램은 구획별 조획율을 어장도에 나타내는 프로그램, 어획 마리수를 이용한 그래프 및 도표의 작성 프로그램, 그리고 어장평가 지수를 나타내는 프로그램 등으로 구성되어 있다. 1)연도구간별 어장도에서 보면, 조획율은 연도가 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 점차 낮아지는 경향이 나타났고 인도양은 그러한 현상이 두드러졌다. 또한 황다랭이의 조획율은 적도 부근의 서부 태평양에서 눈다랭이의 조획율은 동부 태평양에서 높게 나타났으며 조획율이 높게 나타난 해역은 과거의 인도양, 대서양에서 태평양으로 이동한 것으로 나타났다. 2)전 해역에서 황다랭이와 눈다랭이의 어획량 변동 패턴은 비슷하게 나타났으며, 12개 어장구역별 어획량은 태평양 북서 해역이 가장 부진하고, 인도양 서부, 태평양 서부 저위도 해역이 가장 좋았다. 3)어장 가치를 평가하는 시뮬레이션에서 12개 어장구역 중 경제성이 높은 어장은 태평양 저위도 해역의 서부, 중부, 동부, 인도양의 서부, 동부, 그리고 대서양 순으로 나타났으며, 북미대륙 서부역이 중간정도, 나머지 해역은 경제성이 낮은 어장으로 나타났다. 4)본 데이터 베이스 프로그램을 이용하여 방대한 어획량 자료를 분석하여 시기별, 위치별의 어종 및 어획량을 검토하고 어장 평가 시뮬레이션을 실시함으로써 경제성 있는 어장 선정 및 탐색을 할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2004

The effects of the addition of yeast on in vitro roughage degradability and methane production were investigated in order to clarify the effects of yeast on the rumen microbes and to establish methods of rumen manipulation. Three roughages (whole crop corn, rice straw and Italian ryegrass) were incubated for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h with or without dried beer yeast following the method described by Tilley and Terry. Using the same method, these roughages were incubated with or without yeast extract, albumin or purified DNA. In vitro methane production was measured with or without dried beer yeast at 12 and 24 h. The degradability of yeast was found to be 57 and 80% at 12 and 24 h, respectively. The rate of degradation of fraction b was 6.16%/h. There was a significant increase in roughage degradability at 6 h (p<0.05), 12 h (p<0.05) and 24 h (p<0.01) by dried yeast addition. The degradability of all three roughages was higher in the samples treated with yeast extract than in the no addition samples except in the case of rice straw incubated for 12 h. Nevertheless, the magnitude of increment was smaller with the addition of yeast extract than without the addition of yeast. With the addition of purified DNA, there were significant increases in roughage degradability at 6 h (p<0.01), 12 h (p<0.01) and 24 h (p<0.05); however, higher degradability values were detected in the samples to which albumin was added, particularly at 6 h. If the degradability values of the no addition samples with those of samples containing yeast, yeast extract, DNA and albumin were compared, the largest difference was found in the samples to which yeast was added, although it is worth noting that higher values were observed in the yeast extract samples than in the DNA or albumin samples, with the exception of the case of rice straw incubated for 24 h. Methane production was significantly increased at both 12 and 24 h incubation. The increment of roughage degradation and methane production brought about by the addition of dried beer yeast to the samples was thought to be due to the activation of rumen microbes. Water soluble fraction of yeast also seemed to play a role in ruminal microbe activation. The increment of degradability is thought to be partially due to the addition of crude protein or nucleic acid but it is expected that other factors play a greater role. And those factors may responsible for the different effects of individual yeast on ruminal microbes.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2006

We measured the fugacity of $CO_2$ $(fCO_2)$, temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll a in the surface water of the western North Pacific $(4^{\circ}30'{\sim}33^{\circ}10'N,\;144^{\circ}20'{\sim}127^{\circ}35'E)$ in September 2002. There were zonally several major currents which have characteristics of specific temperature and salinity (NECC, North Equatorial Counter Current; NEC, North Equatorial Current; Kuroshio etc.). Surface $fCO_2$ distribution was clearly distinguished into two groups, tropical and subtropical areas of which boundary was $20^{\circ}N$. In the tropical Int surface $fCO_2$ was mainly controlled by temperature, while in the subtropical area, surface $fCO_2$ was dependent on total inorganic carbon contents. Air-sea $CO_2$ flux showed a large spatial variation, with a range of $-0.69{\sim}0.79 mmole\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$. In the area of AE (Anticyclonic Eddy), SM(Southern Mixed region) and NM (Northern Mixed region), the ocean acted as a weak source of $CO_2$ $(0.6{\sim}0.79 mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$. In NECC, NEC, Kuroshio and ECS (East China Sea), however, the fluxes were estimated to be $-0.3mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$ for the first three regions and $-1.2mmole\; m^{-2}day^{-1})$ for ECS respectively, indicating that these areas acted as sinks of $CO_2$. The average air-sea flux in the entire study area was $0.15mmole\;m^{-2}day^{-1})$, implying that the western North Pacific was a weak source of $CO_2$ during the study period.