• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the feasibility of pre-consolidation pressure distribution characteristic of western and southern coastal region, using correlation of unconfined compressive strength and preceding research equation. Pre-consolidation of western and southern region showed similar trends undrained shear strength and pre-consolidation pressure in proportion to unconfined compressive strength. Predicted results of U.S. NAVY. (1982) equation revealed a small error western 9.7 % and southern 0.4 %. Prediction correlation results of pre-consolidation using unconfined compressive strength revealed an error western 16.8 % and southern 0.7 %. It was reported that less than 20 percent of pre-consolidation pressure prediction result of Casagrande forecasting error. Estimates of pre-consolidation pressure are possible, before the standard consolidation test, because it was reported that less than 20 % of the forecasting errors of Casagrande.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2001

2000년 2월에 남태평양에서 수심 200m까지 수온, 염분, 용존산소, 영양염, 엽록소, 일차생산성의 수직분포를 조사하였다. 연구해역(남위 $24^{\circ}{\sim}41^{\circ}$, 서경 $80^{\circ}{\sim}168^{\circ}$)은 물리적으로 크게 두 해역으로 나누어진다. 서경 $110^{\circ}$을 경계로 동쪽해역에서는 수심 200m이하의 중층수가 표층으로 활발히 용승하였고, 서쪽해역에서는 중층수의 용승이 거의 일어나지 않았다. 따라서 해수의 화학조성도 다르게 나타났다. 동쪽해역에서는 영양염 농도가 높은 중층수의 용승에 의해 표층 100m에서 질산염+아질산염과 인산염 농도가 서쪽해역에 비해 상당히 높게 관측되었지만, 중층수의 용승에도 불구하고 규산염 농도는 오히려 서쪽해역보다 낮았다. 영양염 중에서 식물플랑크톤의 일차생산성에 영향을 미치는 주요 원소도 해역에 따라 달랐다. 동쪽해역에서는 규소에 의해 일차생산성이 가장 큰 영향을 받는 반면, 서쪽해역에서는 질소가 일차생산성에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 중층수의 용승에 의해 영양염 농도의 큰 차이에도 불구하고, 식물플랑크톤의 일차생산성은 두 해역이 서로 비슷한 값을 보였으며, 수심 200m까지 합한 엽록소 총량은 오히려 동쪽해역에 비해 서쪽해역에서 2배 가량 높게 측정되었다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.67-88
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 1978-2012년의 자료를 이용하여 중국의 동부지역, 중부지역, 서부지역 그리고 동북지역을 대상으로 이들 지역이 성장함에 따라 나타나는 지역격차의 패턴을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 Williamson의 역U자형 가설과 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설을 검증하였다. 이를 통하여 지역이 역분극화 과정에 있는지 아니면 발전된 역분극화 과정에 있는지를 파악하였다. 연구결과를 보면 지역내 인당 절대적 경제격차모형에서는 동부지역, 중부지역, 서부지역과 지역간 모형 그리고 상대적 경제격차모형에서는 중부지역과 서부지역이 Williamson의 역U자형 가설이 지지되었다. 반면 지역간 모형과 서부지역은 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설이 지지되었다. 한편 도 농격차를 기준으로 한 모형에서는 절대적 경제격차의 지역간 모형과 상대적 경제격차의 중부지역은 Amos의 발전된 역U자형 가설이 지지되었고, 지역간 모형과 서부지역은 상대적 경제격차모형에서 Williamson의 역U자형 가설이 지지되어 이들 지역은 역분극화 과정이 진행되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이 결과는 중국이 지역에 따라 역분극화 과정이 있는 지역도 있고 성장에 힘입어 공간적 재구조화가 진행되는 경우도 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1484-1490
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• 2004

Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes from the displacement-loop (D-loop) region (436 bp) were genotyped and sequenced in Japanese Black beef cattle raised in the same herd. Correlation coefficients between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, maternal lineage, birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight, post weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were computed. The objective was to study the relationship between maternal and postnatal growth traits and to investigate if postnatal growth of calves to yearling age could be accurately predicted from mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. Results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed 17 maternal lineages and four mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. There were strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001) correlations among maternal traits ranging from 0.52 to 0.98. Similarly, among postnatal growth traits, most of the correlations were also strong, positive and highly significant (p<0.001); the highest correlation of 0.94 was between preweaning average daily gain and weaning weight. However, correlations between mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and postnatal growth traits were very low, mostly negative and non-significant (p>0.05) ranging from -0.05 to 0.1. Prediction of postnatal growth from mitochondrial DNA yielded very low $R^{2}$ values ranging from 0.002 to 0.019. It was concluded that mitochondrial DNA polymorphism has no significant association with postnatal growth from birth to yearling age, and by implication, nuclear rather than cytoplasmic DNA, accounts for most of the genetic variation observed in postnatal growth of Japanese Black cattle. Therefore, mitochondrial DNA genotyping at an early age has no bearing on the accurate prediction of the future growth performance of calves.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2006

Molecular co-suppression phenomena are important to consider in transgene experiments. Embryogenic cells were obtained from immature cotyledons and engineered with two different gene constructs (pHV and pHVS) through particle bombardment. Both constructs contain a gene conferring resistance to hygromycin (hpt) as a selective marker and a modified glycinin (11S globulin) gene (V3-1) as a target. sGFP(S65T) as a reporter gene was, however, inserted into the flanking region of the V3-1 gene (pHVS). Fluorescence microscopic screening after the selection of hygromycin, identified clearly the expression of sGFP(S65T) in the transformed soybean embryos bombarded with the pHVS construct. Stable integration of the transgenes was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. Seeds of transgenic plants obtained from the pHV construct frequently lacked an accumulation of endogenous glycinin, which is encoded by homologous genes to the target gene V3-1. Most of the transgenic plants expressing sGFP(S65T) showed highly accumulation of glycinin. The expression of sGFP(S65T) and V3-1 inherits into the next generations. sGFP(S65T) as a reporter gene may be useful to increase the transformation efficiency of transgenic soybean with avoiding gene co-suppression.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한예방의학회 2005년도 제57차 추계 학술대회 연제집
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• pp.310-310
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• 2005

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.107-107
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• 2004

In this paper we have introduced some results of study on stand growth pattern and stand structure of larch forest which are located in selected forest sites of Khangai and Gobi-Altai mountain ranges of Mongolia. Our investigations showed that growth intensity and stand structure in western Mongolia are very specific from the other forest vegetation zones of Mongolia. Studies on the stand structure and growth trend indicate that tree types of stand structure and different types of growth of Larix sibrica are very common in Western Mongolia. These peculiarities of stand structure and growth of larch stands in Western Monolia could be used for inventory work and an improvement of the forest management in Western Mongolian region. The larch tree is the dominant tree species in Western Mogolia. Forest cover of the region is about 15%, which is two times higher than the country's average. In this region forest area is divided into 4 forest sub-regions: the Central Khangai, Western Khangai, North Eastern Khangai and South Easterun Khangai sub-regions including taiga, pseudo taiga, sub taiga, sub-alpine and forest steppe belts. Silviculture practices and forest research management request to study forest growth trends in local and general conditions, which means to indicate a change of taxonomic characteristics of stand from time to time including diameter, height, basal area, growth stock etc. The forest management practice mostly uses tables of forest growth and yield based on the results of long term research on forest growth. Forest yield tables and other relevant forest standards of Russia are used for the forest inventory and forest management. They are not able to determine forest structure and growth peculiatities of Mongolian forests. Studies on forest resource assessment in Mongolia indicate that after logging operations and forest fires the natural regeneration of desired species such as pine and larch often does not succeed. This situation forces to take a different approach of forest management and silviculture practice depending on the stand structure and growth rate of the forest stands. According to our investigation in last years, forest growth pattern of larch forest depends mostly on stand structure, stand age and growth condition including forest soil, climate and location in different slopes. Due to improve environmental function of forest ecosystem in the region, it is needed to conduct very comprehensive study of high mountain forest ecosystem in selected sub-regions.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.449-465
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• 2008

본 논문은 1952-2004년 걸쳐 중국의 수출과 경제성장 간의 인과관계를 지역별(동부, 중부, 서부), 시대별(개혁개방 전후)로 고찰해 본 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 변수들의 안정성 여부를 검토하기 위해 단위근 검정을 실시했으며, 다음으로 변수간 장기적인 안정관계를 확인하기 위해 공적분 검정을 수행했고, 마지막으로 오차수정모형을 추정함으로써 그랜저 인과관계 검정을 실시했다. 분석결과 전체기간에서 동부지역은 수출이 경제성장에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 중서부지역에서는 그 정도가 약하게 나타났다. 동부지역의 경우 개방정책이 집중적으로 나타난 지역적 특성을 반영하여 개혁개방 이전에는 수출과 경제성장 간의 인과관계가 나타나지 않았으나, 개혁개방 이후에는 수출이 경제성장에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 개혁개방을 전후하여 변화가 없을 것으로 예상했던 중서부 지역의 경우, 중부지역은 개혁개방 이전에는 무역과 경제성장 간에 인과관계가 보이지 않았으나 개혁개방 이후에는 양방향 인과관계가 강하게 나타났으며, 서부지역의 경우에는 오히려 개혁개방 이전에 무역이 경제성장에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면 개혁개방 이후에는 반대로 경제성장이 무역에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2007

A wide tree-ring data network from Western Himalayan region as well as from Central and Peninsular India have been established by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, India. This includes several ring width and density chronologies of Himalayan conifers (Pinus, Picea, Cedrus, Abies)covering entire area of Western Himalaya and teak (Tectona grandis L.F.) from central and peninsular India. Many of these chronologies go back to $15^{th}$ century. Tree-ring based reconstructed pre-monsoon (March-April-May) summer climate of Western Himalaya do not show any significant increasing or decreasing trend since past several centuries. High altitude tree-ring chronologies near tree line-glacier boundary are sensitive to the winter temperature. Unprecedented higher growth in recent decades is closely associated with the warming trend over the Himalayan region. Dendroclimatic analysis of teak (Tectona grandis) from Central and Peninsular India show significant relationship with pre-monsoon and monsoon climate. Moisture index over the region indicates strong association with tree-ring variations rather than the direct influence of rainfall. It is evident that, two to three consecutive good monsoon years are capable of maintaining normal or above normal tree growth, even though the following year is low precipitation year.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 1981

A numerical experiment is made in order to clarify the mechanism of the upwelling phenomenon along the coast near the poleward edge of the western boundary current. The possibility of the upwelling is suggested from the analysis of the observational data in the east of Honshu, Japan, and in the south eastern coast of Korean Peninsula. This upwelling phenomenon is very deep and can be traced to the bottom layer. The upwelling phenomenon seems to be a general oceanic feature which characterizes the region along the west coast near the poleward edge of the western boundary current. This experiment is simulating the oceanic condition of the transition region between Kuroshio front and the Oyashio front in the east of Honshu, Japan. The possible explanations of the causes of the upwelling are as follows;In the interior of the modeled ocean the cold heavy water supplied from the north and the warm light water from the south make the north-south gradient of the pressure field and accelerate the eastward current to produce the h-orizontal divergence feld near the west coast. The divergence is compensated by the upwelling near the separation region. Another one is that the upwell-ed cold water strengthen constantly the pressure gradient which is balanced by the northward current and is weakened by the horizontal diffusion.