• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.551-564
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• 2020

High-stress and complex geological conditions impose great challenges to maintain excavation stability during deep underground mining. In this research, large anisotropic deformation and its management by support system at a deep underground mine in Western Australia were simulated through three-dimensional finite-difference model. The ubiquitous-joint model was used and calibrated in FLAC3D to reproduce the deformation and failure characteristics of the excavation based on the field monitoring results. After modeling verification, the roles of mining depth also the intercept angle between excavation axis and foliation orientation on the deformation and damage were studied. Based on the results, quantitative relationships between key factors and damage classifications were presented, which can be used as an engineering tool. Subsequently, the performance of support system installation sequences was simulated and compared at four different scenarios. The results show that, first surface support and then reinforcement installation can obtain a better controlling effect. Finally, the influence of bolt spacing and ring spacing were also discussed. The outcomes obtained in this research may play a meaningful reference for facing the challenges in thin-bedded or foliated ground conditions.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2023

Structural design includes calculation of the wind speed as one of the major steps in the design process for wind loading. Accurate determination of design wind speed is vital in achieving safety that is consistent with the economy of construction. It is noticeable that many countries and regions such as Hong Kong, Japan and Australia regularly make amendments to improve the accuracy of wind load estimations for their wind codes and standards. This study compares the latest Hong Kong wind code published in 2019, which is generally known as the Code of Practice on Wind Effects in Hong Kong - 2019, with the latest revision of the AIJ Recommendations for Loads on Buildings - 2015 (Japan), and the Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 1170.2:2021. The comparisons include the variations between the design wind speed and the vertical profiles of wind speed multipliers. The primary purpose of this study was to show any differences in the basic design wind speed and exposure factor estimations among the three economies located in the Western Pacific Ocean. Subsequently, the reasons for such underlying variations between the three documents, are discussed, together with future development trends.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2010

MT soundings were carried out in 2008, in northern Victoria, Australia, as a continuing collaboration research of 2007 between Republic of Korea, Australia, and Japan. The main purpose of this research is to investigate electrical conductivity structure and thus help understanding of tectonic structure in central Victoria, which is believed to be closely linked to mineralization and magmatic processes of this region. The survey area is located in western Lachlan Fold Belts, which is the part of Tasman Fold Belts in southeastern Australia. An MT profile of 2008 is almost parallel to the one of 2007 and approximately 50 km away. The 2D inversion result of MT data also shows that the position of conductivity discontinuity near surface are well matched with the positions of major faults, such as Avoca Fault, which is the structural boundary between Stawell and Bendigo Zones, and Heathcote Fault Zone, which marks the boundary between Bendigo and Melbourne Zones. It is also confirmed from resistivity image that internal faults in Bendigo Zone are in listric form, which is implied to be formed by structural shortening during compressional orogenic activity in Silurian.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2009

Ecological risk assessment(ERA), developed in Australia, can be used to estimate the risk of target, bycatch and protected species from the effects of fishing using limited data for stock assessment. In this study, we employed the ERA approach to estimate risks to tunas, billfishes, sharks, sea turtles and other species by the Korean tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using productivity and susceptibility analyses of the ERA based on low(<1.30), medium(1.30-1.84) and high risk(>1.84). Albacore, bigeye, yellowfin, skipjack and bluefin tunas were generally evaluated in the medium risk. The susceptibility of tuna species, however, had higher risks than the productivity. Billfishes were also at medium risk, while sharks were at high risk by the tuna longline fishery. The risk of productivity was generally high, because most sharks caught by the tuna longline fishery have high longevities, i.e., over 10 years, including ovoviviparous species. Susceptibility, which is related with the selection of fishing gear, was also high, because the longline fishery has no gear modifications to prevent bycatch of protected species. Not only target tuna species were influenced by the tuna longline fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, but also nontarget species, such as pomfret, mackerels rays, sea turtle were done. Ecosystem-based fishery assessment tools, such as productivity and susceptibility analysis(PSA), have the ability to provide broad scientific advice to the policy makers and stakeholders.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2016

Objectives: In this study, we characterized human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) obtained by different culture methods to establish the most suitable methodology for dental tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic applications. Materials and Methods: HDPCs were isolated by the outgrowth method (HDPCs-OG), the enzymatic digestion method (collagenase/dispase/trypsin, HDPCs-ED), or the combination of both methods (HDPCs-Combined). The expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD105, CD90, and CD73) was investigated. In vitro differentiation capacities of HDPCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages were compared. Differentiation markers were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. Results: Our data indicated that whole HDPCs-ED, HPDCs-OG, and HDPCs-Combined could be differentiated into adipogenic, chrondrogenic, and osteogenic cell types. However, we found that the methods for isolating and culturing HDPCs influence the differentiation capacities of cells. HDPCs-OG and HDPCs-ED were preferably differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells, respectively. Differentiation markers shown by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis were mostly upregulated in the treated groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions: Our findings confirmed that cell populations formed by two different culture methods and the combined culture method exhibited different properties. The results of this study could provide an insight into regenerative endodontic treatment using HDPCs.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.2-11
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• 2016

As recently many studies on the relationship between excessive sugar intake and chronic disease have been reported across the world, more attention to sugar intake has been paid. Sugars, called simple sugars, is a kind of carbohydrate and sum of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Sugars that are particularly related to health are added sugars or free sugars, which are added to food by processing or cooking. It is generally not to give satiety and increases energy density without other nutrients. Especially, the major food source of added sugar is sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs), from which sugars are closely linked with health outcome. The total sugar intake in Korea is 61.4 g per day and it is almost half of those in the western countries such as the U.S. or Australia and it is within the recommendation level by the Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. However, when it is classified by age groups or food sources, sugar intake in adolescents and young adults are high and the sugar from processed foods is also high that would lead to high intake levels of added sugar. Particularly, the frequency of SSBs, the major food source of added sugar, is the highest among 20's. While the studies of excessive sugar intake with chronic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease reported in the Western populations, those in the Korean populations have just started. Given our dietary practice is very different from those in the western population, more prospective studies would be necessary to evaluate sugar intake by type or food source exactly and examine its relationship with chronic diseases in the Korean population.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.113-132
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• 2005

With the demand for free-range products increasing and the pressure on the intensive poultry industry to improve poultry welfare especially in western countries, the number of free-range poultry farms has increased significantly. The USA, Australia and European countries have developed Codes of Practice for free-range poultry farming which detail the minimum standards of husbandry and welfare for birds. However, the performance and liveability of free-range birds needs to be improved and more knowledge is required on bird husbandry, feed supply, disease control and heat wave management. This review examines the husbandry, welfare, nutrition and disease issues associated with free-range poultry systems and discusses the potential of incorporating free-range poultry into a crop-pasture rotation system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2017

This paper discusses an experimental programme that was carried out to study the effects of specimen size-shape and type of moulds on the compressive strength of concrete. For this purpose, cube specimens with 150 mm dimensions, cylinder specimens with $150{\times}300mm$ dimensions, and prism specimens with $150{\times}150{\times}375mm$ dimensions were prepared. The experimental programme was carried out with several concrete compositions belonging to strength classes C20/25, C25/30, C30/37, C40/50 and C60/75. Furthermore, the test results were curve-fitted using the least squares method to obtain the new parameters for the modified size effect law.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Partial edentulism has multiple implications in relation to function, esthetics and future rehabilitative treatment. This case report illustrates the management of a patient with extreme consequences of partial edentulism. The main clinical findings were unopposed remaining teeth, overeruption of the remaining teeth, loss of vertical dimension of occlusion, and significant disfigurement of the occlusal plane. Following the diagnostic procedure, a well-coordinated prosthodontic treatment involving liaison with other dental disciplines was indicated. The management involved an innovative combination of fixed and removable prostheses in conjunction with crown lengthening surgery and strategic implant placement. Series of provisional prostheses were applied to facilitate the transition to the final treatment.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2012

Fragmentation is one factor to affect productivity and economic efficiency of mine. Authors investigate the blasting pattern and improve it step by step while observing the fragmentation results. Final pattern was suggested and the fragmentation improved 24 % compared to traditional pattern, with 50 % is passing rate.