• 한국항해학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-46
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• 1979

The climate of a given region is determined by the combination of the various climatic elements. But among them, the temperature is the most important element to classify the climatic type. The author attempted to classify the climatic types in Korea by making a analysis of the characteristics of temperature distribution. To accomplish the study, the author analyzed the daily and yearly range of temperature, the warmest and coldest months, continentality and oceanicity, thermal anomaly, and relative temperature, etc. The data of 153 weather stations are used for the analysis of the above five criteria. As a result of the study, the climate of Korea can be divided into three types, namely, the continental, coastal and intermediate(or transitional) type. The Pronounced continental type is appeared in the northern part of highland area. And the coastal type is limited to the east and south coast areas, and the southern part of the west coast area. The continentality is larger, and the oceanicity smaller, than those of Siberia, Mongolia and the inland area of China where the continental climate is most remarkable in the world. The reason why the west coast area is more continental than the east coast area may be due to the terrain effect and the warm current going north along the east coastline.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.23-48
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• 2018

The Silk Road usually implies a network of trade and communications that stretched from east to west and connected China and the countries of the Far East via Central Asia and the Middle East to the eastern Mediterranean, or through the northern coast of the Caspian Sea and the Volga basin to the Black Sea coast. However, at certain historical stages, a network of maritime and overland routes stretching from north to south, commonly called the Volga-Caspian trade route, also played a significant role in international trade and cultural contacts. The geopolitical realities of the early Middle Ages relating to the relationship of Byzantium, the Sassanid Empire, and the West Turkic Khaganate, the advance of the Arab Caliphate to the north, the spread of Islam in the Volga region, the glories and fall of the Khazar State, and the Scandinavian campaigns in the Caucasus, closely intertwined with the history of transport and communications connecting the north and south through the Volga-Caspian route. In a later era, the interests of the Mongolian Uluses, and then the political and economic aspirations of the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid State, and Russia, collided or combined on these routes. The article discusses trade contacts existing between the north and the south in the 15th and first half of the 17th century along the routes on the western coast of the Caspian Sea.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2023

Recently, renewable energy has been increasing in Korea to reduce greenhouse gas, and solar power generation, which accounts for the largest proportion of renewable energy, is noteworthy. The government policy will further increase solar power generation. In order to implement the policy, it is important to understand the current status of domestic solar power generation facilities. Therefore, the current status of solar power generation facilities in Jinju city close to the south coast and Jeonju city close to the west coast was investigated and compared. By 2020, 618 solar power plants had been installed in Jeonju city and 269 in Jinju city. However, there is not much difference in the amount of solar power generation for business at 9 GWh. The reason is that Jinju city has a lower population density than Jeonju city, so there are enough places to install a large-scale solar power facilities with a large power generation capacity. Monthly solar power generation was the highest in April in both Jeonju city and Jinju city and the lowest in January. In particular, in December, Jinju city showed more solar power generation than Jeonju city because of the large amount of insolation, long sunshine hours, and few clouds.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

Using three-dimensional non-hydrostatical numerical model with one way double nesting technique, atmo­spheric circulation in the mountainous coastal region in summer was investigated from August 13 through 15, 1995. During the day, synoptic westerly wind blows over Mt. Mishrung in the west of a coastal city, Sokcho toward the East Sea, while simultaneously, easterly upslope wind combined with both valley wind from plain (coast) toward mountain and sea-breeze from sea toward inland coast blows toward the top of the mountain. Two different directional wind systems confront each other in the mid of eastern slope of the mountain and the upslope wind goes up to the height over 2 km, becoming an easterly return flow in the upper level over the sea and making sea-breeze front with two kinds of sea-breeze circulations of a small one in the coast and a large one in the open sea. Convective boundary layer is developed with a thickness of about 1km over the ground in the upwind side of the mountain in the west and a thickness of thermal internal boundary layer from the coast along the eastern slope of the mountain is only confined to less than 200 m. On the other hand, after sunset, no prohibition of upslope wind generated during the day and downward wind combined with mountain wind from mountain towardplain and land-breeze from land toward under nocturnal radiative cooling of the ground surfaces should intensify westerly downslope wind, resulting in the formation of wind storm. As the wind storm moving down along the eastern slop causes the development of internal gravity waves with hydraulic jump motion in the coast, bounding up toward the upper level of the coastal sea, atmospheric circulation with both onshore and offshore winds like sea-breeze circulation forms in the coastal sea within 70 km until midnight and after that, westerly wind prevails in the coast and open seas.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.991-997
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• 2013

Distribution and occurrence of swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus larvae were investigated in the mid-western coast of Korea in the Yellow Sea. P. trituberculatus larvae were collected in July and August from 2010 to 2012. Bongo net with 303 mesh was deployed once with a double oblique tow. Zoea I (ZI) densities were highest in all sampling months. Then densities of later larval stages decreased dramatically. In general, larval densities at the stations in northern parts and coastal areas were higher than those at the southern and offshore area. Because egg bearing seasons of P. trituberculatus in the study area are between April and August, larval densities, particularly, of ZI may be underestimated. Considering higher densities of ZI and lower ones of later stages, larvae may be transported to growing area and returned to the parental populations. Larval densities and sea surface temperature were not correlated.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Visual line-transect surveys for the finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides) were conducted in the offshore of the west coast of Korea (WCOK) from 18 April to 17 May 2001 $(34^{\circ}18'\;to\;37^{\circ}18'N,\;123^{\circ}00'\;to\;126^{\circ}00'E),$ and in the inshore of the west coast of Korea (WCIK) from 29 July to 2 August 2003 $(35^{\circ}17'\;to\;36^{\circ}17'N,\;126^{\circ}00'\;to\;126^{\circ}25'E).$ A total of transect survey efforts were 810.27 n.m. in 2001 and 216.09 n.m. in 2003, which cover a survey areas of $23,012\;n.m^2\;and\;1,550\;n.m^2,$ respectively. There were 76 and 24 sightings for the finless porpoise during the surveys in the WCOK (2001) and the WCIK (2003), respectively. More than $80\%$ of the finless porpoise occurred near the coast within 15 n.m. from the land. Porpoise were observed mainly in a depth range from 20 to 50 m $(78\%).$ Few porpoise were observed in a depth shallower than 10 m or deeper than 60 m. The hazard-rate model, truncated at the largest $5\%$ distance, showed the best fitting from the frequency distribution of perpendicular distance of the finless porpoise sighted from the trackline in the WCOK (2001), while the uniform model showed the best fitting from in the WCIK (2003). Abundance of finless porpoises were estimated to be 58,650 individuals ($95\%$ CI=34,961-98,389) in the WCOK (2001) and 1,571 individuals ($95\%$ CI=881-2,800) in the WCIK (2003), respectively.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제6권1_2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1973

Heavy metal concentrations have been determined in fishes and shellfishes sampled from October 1971 to April 1972 in Korea. In general, fish viscera, shellfish muscle and crustacean exoskeleton contained high concentrations of the metals. With regard to the regional variations of the metals, samples of the west coast of Korea contained relatively high concentrations of mercury, copper, cadmium and lead, but those of the south coast contained high levels of cadmium and lead. In particular, the concentrations of copper in the samples of the west coast were almost twice as much those of the other coasts. The concentrations of mercury in the samples, as a whole, ranged from 0.02 to 0.58 ppm with an average of 0.16 ppm. The concentrations of cadmium were higher in the fish viscera and shellfish than the fish muscle, ranging from less than 0.02 to 0.78 ppm with an average of 0.12 ppm in the fish and shellfish muscle samples. The lead concentrations were slightly high in the fish viscera. In the muscle and bone of fish and shellfish, the range was 0.06-4.84 ppm with an average of about 1 ppm. The concentrations of copper were very high in the viscera of fish and shellfish. The shellfish muscle contained almost four times as much copper as in the fish muscle, particularly cephalopods, i. e., squid and octopus, contained very high levels of copper, and oysters collected from Gunsan area on the west coast contained the highest levels of copper. The concentrations of copper ranged from 0.12 to 28.7 ppm with an average of 1.4 ppm in the fish muscle and of 5.9 ppm in the shellfish muscle.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2013

실뱀장어는 산란장인 마리아나해구에서 산란 및 부화과정을 거쳐, 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스 단계에서 북적도 해류와 쿠로시오 해류를 따라 회유하면서 변태과정을 거치게 된다. 변태된 실뱀장어는 동중국해를 지나 우리나라 연안으로 올라오는데 실뱀장어의 먹이원에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없었다. 실뱀장어 먹이원은 안정동위원소 비값을 측정하여 수서 생태계에 존재하는 먹이망에 의한 단계별 증가율을 해석함으로써 가능하다. 2012년 4월에 채집된 자연산 실뱀장어의 탄소 및 질소 안정동위원소를 측정하여 먹이원을 밝히기 위하여 실뱀장어 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$를 분석하고 서해안 및 동중국해 북부해역의 가용 가능한 입자유기물질에 대한 값들을 분석, 비교하였다. 우리나라 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-20.7{\pm}0.1$‰, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $5.0{\pm}0.2$‰로 나타났다. 실뱀장어의 가용 먹이원으로 추정되는 입자유기물질 중 서해안의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.0{\pm}0.3$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $2.8{\pm}0.4$‰이었고, 동중국해 북부해역의 ${\delta}^{13}C$값은 $-24.5{\pm}0.5$‰이고, ${\delta}^{15}N$값은 $0.8{\pm}0.3$‰이었다. 일반적으로 알려진 영양단계에 따른 동위원소 분별 비값 증가율을 고려할 때, 본 연구에서 나타난 서해안과 동중국해의 POM과 서해안에서 채집된 실뱀장어의 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{15}N$값의 차이는 서해안과 동중국해의 입자유기물질이 자연산 실뱀장어의 먹이원으로써 이용되지 않았다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 우리나라 연안에서 채집되는 실뱀장어는 뱀장어 자어인 렙토세팔루스에서 변태과정을 거친 이후에는 먹이를 섭이하지 않고 회유하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 물과 미래
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1975

The east coast seems to have remarkably different features from the west and south coast in the geographical, geomorphological, and oceanographical senses. In this paper the auther wishes to introduce some results of investigation morphological characteristics of the river mouth in the east coast an of analysis of it's causes. There are various closing form in river mouth by many causes, but the east coast hs the same closing form(the ratio of closing; roughly 0.18), as well known, by the sand spit, and has not hydrological but littoral drift background. The river of the east coast is proved mature age from hypsometric analysis. The wave and longshore current must be principal factor to be considered, in the analysis of the closing phenomenon owing to littoral drift. The research of the blown sand is considered valuable for the next study of this subject.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제4권1_2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1973