• Title/Summary/Keyword: West Pacific

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Genetic Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Chinese Population

  • Zhao, Yi;Deng, Xin;Wang, Zhen;Wang, Qiang;Liu, Yixia
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.665-669
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    • 2012
  • Aim: The distribution of DNA repair gene XRCC1 and XRCC3 genotypes was used to assess the potential influence of genetic polymorphisms on risk of colorectal cancer, and interactions with other factors. Methods: a 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted with 485 cases and 970 controls. XRCC1 and XRCC2 genotype polymorphisms were based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pairprimer (PCR-CTPP) method. Results:The XRCC1 399Cln allele polymorphism was found to be associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk, while an non-significant inversely association was noted for XRCC3 241Thr/Thr genotype. We also found that individuals with the XRCC1 399 Gln and XRCC3 241Met alleles had an elevated risk, while XRCC3241Thr/Thr was proctective. Conclusion: This study is the first to provide evidence of importance of XRCC1 and XRCC3 gene polymorphisms for risk of colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphisms as Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer Risk

  • Gao, Song;Liu, Ning;Ma, Yang;Ying, Liu
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.569-573
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    • 2012
  • Early diagnosis and better prognosis of ovarian cancer is still a challenge. Besides environmental risk factors, genetic factors have established a role in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Methods: A case-control and a prospective study design conducted in 224 ovarian cancer patients and 432 controls in Chinese population. MTHFR C677T genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP. Results: Patients with ovarian cancer is associated with a higher less number of delivery and less frequent oral contraceptive use. When potential confounding factors adjusted logistic regression analysis between cases and controls were performed, significant association was obtained for 677T/T genotype and ovarian cancer (OR=3.13, 95% CI=1.59-5.72). Cox regression survival analysis showed individuals carrying T/T genotype had significantly increased HR for death in ovarian cancer patients (HR=2.86, 95% CI=1.27-7.93). In conclusion, we observed that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility and survival of ovarian cancer in Chinese population.

A New Record of the Pacific Sleeper Shark, Somniosus pacificus (Squaliformes: Somniosidae) from the Western Margin of the East Sea, Korea (한국산 Somniosidae 어류 1 미기록종, Somniosus pacificus)

  • Kang, Chung-Bae;Lee, Woo Jun;Kim, Jin-Koo;Jung, Hye Gyeong
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2015
  • A single specimen (192 cm total length, TL) of the Pacific sleeper shark, Somniosus pacificus, belonging to the family Somniosidae, order Squaliformes, was firstly collected from the west margin of the East Sea, Korea in February 2008. This specimen was characterized by having interdorsal space, being less than the distance between the snout and first gill opening; and the distance between the snout and first dorsal fin origin more than 45% TL; head and body has overall dark brownish. The new Korean name "Jam-sang-eo-gwa" is proposed for the family Somniosidae, and "Jam-sang-eo-sok" for the genus Somniosus, and "Jat-bit-jam-sang-eo" for the species S. pacificus.

Development of Genetic Markers for Triploid Verification of the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas

  • Kang, Jung-Ha;Lim, Hyun Jeong;Kang, Hyun-Soek;Lee, Jung-Mee;Baby, Sumy;Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.916-920
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    • 2013
  • The triploid Pacific oyster, which is produced by mating tetraploid and diploid oysters, is favored by the aquaculture industry because of its better flavor and firmer texture, particularly during the summer. However, tetraploid oyster production is not feasible in all oysters; the development of tetraploid oysters is ongoing in some oyster species. Thus, a method for ploidy verification is necessary for this endeavor, in addition to ploidy verification in aquaculture farms and in the natural environment. In this study, a method for ploidy verification of triploid and diploid oysters was developed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels containing primers for molecular microsatellite markers. Two microsatellite multiplex PCR panels consisting of three markers each were developed using previously developed microsatellite markers that were optimized for performance. Both panels were able to verify the ploidy levels of 30 triploid oysters with 100% accuracy, illustrating the utility of microsatellite markers as a tool for verifying the ploidy of individual oysters.

The Spectrum of Genetic Mutations in Breast Cancer

  • Sheikh, Asfandyar;Hussain, Syed Ather;Ghori, Quratulain;Naeem, Nida;Fazil, Abul;Giri, Smith;Sathian, Brijesh;Mainali, Prajeena;Al Tamimi, Dalal M
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.2177-2185
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    • 2015
  • Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world. About one in 12 women in the West develop breast cancer at some point in life. It is estimated that 5%-10% of all breast cancer cases in women are linked to hereditary susceptibility due to mutations in autosomal dominant genes. The two key players associated with high breast cancer risk are mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. Another highly important mutation can occur in TP53 resulting in a triple negative breast cancer. However, the great majority of breast cancer cases are not related to a mutated gene of high penetrance, but to genes of low penetrance such as CHEK2, CDH1, NBS1, RAD50, BRIP1 and PALB2, which are frequently mutated in the general population. In this review, we discuss the entire spectrum of mutations which are associated with breast cancer.

Epidemiological Assessment of Leukemia in Kazakhstan, 2003-2012

  • Igissinov, Nurbek;Kulmirzayeva, Dariyana;Moore, Malcolm A.;Igissinov, Saginbek;Baidosova, Gulnara;Akpolatova, Gulnur;Bukeyeva, Zhanar;Omralina, Yelvira
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.16
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    • pp.6969-6972
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    • 2014
  • Cancer is a major health problem facing the entire world, and Kazakhstan is not the exception. The aim of this study was to present an epidemiological assessment of leukemia in the population of Kazakhstan during 2003-2012. This descriptive and retrospective study was based on data obtained from all oncological organizations of the whole country. Age standardized incidence rates per 100,000 population for leukemia were calculated. Totally, 6,741 new cases of leukemia were registered in Kazakhstan during the 10 year period. The mean age of patients with leukemia was 48.5. The ASRs for leukemia among men and women were 5.3 and 3.6, respectively (p<0.001). In conclusion, our results showed a high incidence rate of leukemia in Kazakhstan, especially in the north of the country. The incidence of leukemia was significantly higher in males and increased with age. Determining and controlling important risk factors of leukemia may lead to decrease in its burden.

Colorectal Cancer Awareness and Screening Preference: A Survey during the Malaysian World Digestive Day Campaign

  • Suan, Mohd Azri Mohd;Mohammed, Noor Syahireen;Hassan, Muhammad Radzi Abu
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.18
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    • pp.8345-8349
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    • 2016
  • Background: Although the incidence of colorectal cancer in Malaysia is increasing, awareness of this cancer, including its symptoms, risk factors and screening methods, remains low among Malaysian populations. This survey was conducted with the aim of (i) ascertaining the awareness level regarding colorectal cancer symptoms, risk factors and its screening among the general populations and (ii) assessing the public preference and willingness to pay for colorectal cancer screening. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire was distributed in eight major cities in West Malaysia during the World Health Digestive Day (WDHD) campaign. Two thousand four hundred and eight respondents participated in this survey. Results: Generally, awareness of colorectal cancer was found to be relatively good. Symptoms such as change in bowel habit, blood in the stool, weight loss and abdominal pain were well recognized by 86.6%, 86.9%, 83.4% and 85.6% of the respondents, respectively. However, common risk factors such as positive family history, obesity and old age were acknowledged only by less than 70% of the respondents. Almost 80% of the respondents are willing to take the screening test even without any apparent symptoms. Colonoscopy is the preferred screening method, but only 37.5% were willing to pay from their own pocket to get early colonoscopy. Conclusions: Continous cancer education should be promoted with more involvement from healthcare providers in order to make future colorectal cancer screening programs successful.

Common Cancers in Khuzestan Province, South West of Iran, during 2005-2011

  • Karami, Kh;Cheraghi, M.;Amori, N.;Pedram, M.;Sobhani, A.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.21
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    • pp.9475-9478
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    • 2014
  • Cancer is the third highest cause of premature mortality in Iran. We aimed to determine trend of common cancers in Khuzestan province, Iran. Methods: It was a hospital based survey on 4065 subjects from their hospital files, those had registered as cancer case in Shafa hospital which has known as a biggest center of cancer in khuzestan province, Iran during 2005-2011.All data has entered by SPSS (version 19), descriptive statistic and adjusted odds ratio of common cancers for age and sex were calculated from multiple logistic regression model. Results: From all subjects; (51% & 49%) were male and female respectively. The most frequent age group was 60-50 years and common cancers were breast 16%, colorectal 6.3%, blood 2%, lung 8% and stomach 8%. Conclusion: Prevalence of cancers has increased markedly with age in Khuzestan Providence. Therefore, it is essential to prevent through early prevention, using screening and identifying cases in initial stages.

Flora of drift plastics: a new red algal genus, Tsunamia transpacifica(Stylonematophyceae) from Japanese tsunami debris in the northeast Pacific Ocean

  • West, John A.;Hansen, Gayle I.;Hanyuda, Takeaki;Zuccarello, Giuseppe C.
    • ALGAE
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.289-301
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    • 2016
  • Floating debris provides substrates for dispersal of organisms by ocean currents, including algae that thrive on plastics. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Tohuku, Japan resulted in large amounts of debris carried by the North Pacific Current to North America from 2012 to 2016. In 2015-2016, the plastics in the debris bore a complex biota including pink algal crusts. One sample (JAW4874) was isolated into culture and a three-gene phylogeny (psbA, rbcL, and SSU) indicated it was an unknown member of the red algal class Stylonematophyceae. It is a small pulvinate crust of radiating, branched, uniseriate filaments with cells containing a single centrally suspended nucleus and a single purple to pink, multi-lobed, parietal plastid lacking a pyrenoid. Cells can be released as spores that attach and germinate to form straight filaments by transverse apical cell divisions, and subsequent longitudinal and oblique intercalary divisions produce masses of lateral branches. This alga is named Tsunamia transpacifica gen. nov. et sp. nov. Sequencing of additional samples of red algal crusts on plastics revealed another undescribed Stylonematophycean species, suggesting that these algae may be frequent on drift oceanic plastics.

Prediction Role of Seven SNPs of DNA Repair Genes for Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

  • Zou, Hong-Zhi;Yang, Shu-Juan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.12
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    • pp.6187-6190
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    • 2012
  • We aimed to investigate DNA repair gene expression of response to chemotherapy among gastric patients, and roles in the prognosis of gastric cancer. A total of 209 gastric cancer patients were included in this study between January 2007 and December 2008, all treated with chemotherapy. Polymorphisms were detected by real time PCR with TaqMan probes, and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The overall response rate was 61.2%. The median progression and overall survivals were 8.5 and 18.7 months, respectively. A significant increased treatment response was found among patients with XPG C/T+T/T or XRCC1 399G/A+A/A genotypes, with the OR (95% CI) of 2.14 (1.15-4.01) and 1.75 (1.04-3.35) respectively. We found XPG C/T+T/T and XRCC1 399 G/A+A/A were associated with a longer survival among gastric cancer patients when compared with their wide type genotypes, with HRs and 95% CIs of 0.49 (0.27-0.89) and 0.56 (0.29-0.98) respectively. Selecting specific chemotherapy based on pretreatment genotyping may be an innovative strategy for further studies.