• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1507-1513
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• 2015

Pemetrexed is an antifolate agent which has been used for treating malignant pleural mesothelioma and non small lung cancer in the clinic as a chemotherapeutic agent. In this study, pemetrexed inhibited cell growth and induced G1 phase arrest in the A549 cell line. To explore the molecular mechanisms of pemetrexed involved in cell growth, we used a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) proteomics approach to analyze proteins changed in A549 cells treated with pemetrexed. As a result, twenty differentially expressed proteins were identified by ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS analysis in A549 cells incubated with pemetrexed compared with non-treated A549 cells. Three key proteins (GAPDH, HSPB1 and EIF4E) changed in pemetrexed treated A549 cells were validated by Western blotting. Accumulation of GAPDH and decrease of HSPB1 and EIF4E which induce apoptosis through inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt were noted. Expression of p-Akt in A549 cells treated with pemetrexed was reduced. Thus, pemetrexed induced apoptosis in A549 cells through inhibiting the Akt pathway.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2002

Objectives This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Phellinus Linteus on immune activation. Methods In order to investigate the effect of Phellinus Linteus, the following was performed: The fraction of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ in splenic cell, gene expression of IL-12 (p35), IL-12 (p40) , $IFN-{\gamma}$, and splenic cell proliferation by PL-E. Results PL-E helped $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ expression more effectively compared with control group. PL-E helped IL-12 (p35), IL-12 (p40), $IFN-{\gamma}$ gene expression in splenic cells more effectively compared with control group. PL-E proliferated splenic cells more effectively compared with control group. Conclusions: It is suggested that PL-E is able to activate immune response system.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

Objectives : Anxiety and depression are stress-related disorders. Their prevalence are increasing rapidly. Ginseng is the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) which has been used for many centuries in asian region. Anxiolytic effect is one of the popular effects of ginseng. Several studies reported saponin fraction of ginseng, including ginsenoside, is a major ingredient of anxiolytic effect. In present study, we investigated anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effect of non-saponin fraction in mice. Material and Method : Mice were divided into five groups. Experimental groups were administered non-saponin fractions (25 mg/kg; nsp25, 50 mg/kg; nsp50, 100 mg/kg; nsp100) respectively once a day in the morning at 9am for 1 week. Then, we performed elevated plus-maze (EPM) test for investigating the anxiolytic-like effect and forced swimming test (FST) for investigating the antidepressant-like action. Results : Non-saponin fraction 50 mg/kg group increased frequency and time spent (p<0.05) in open arm on EPM test and decreased immobility time (p<0.05) on FST compared with control group. Conclusions : We suggest that non-saponin fraction has anxiolytic-like effect and antidepressant like effect in mice.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.197-207
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was carried out to deveop nursing costs and to substantiate the application of appropriate activity-based nursing costs for the current clinical nurse specialists. Method: The study sample was a group of 8 home health care team of the tirtiary Hospital in Korea. The data was collected from September 2003 through December 2004. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS PC 11.0 program and calculated mean and the standard deviation. In Lee(2003)'s nursing activity analysis, nursing activities were classified into two major classification, 19 domains and 70 activities. Each activities was calculated using its work validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and the necessary time. The simple work costs was calculated the work wage per minute and the necessary time. The work load intensity was calculated using the work wage per minute and the necessary time work load intensity/100. Results: In this study, the work wage was 283 won per minute. The work validity ranged from 2.71-4.00. The highest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 12,735won/47,374won for research activity, 10,700won/27,499won for bedsore care, and 9,727won/35,114won for deathbed care. The lowest simple work cost/work load intensity cost was 2,123won/2,038won for intramuscular injection, 2,210won/2,166won for hypodermic injection, and 2,210won/1,547won for a application of medicine(or ointment or cream). Conclusions: It revealed that the nursing cost should be considered validity, physical effort, psychological effort, stress as a intensity, and necessary time. Therefore, It is necessary to calculate nursing cost systematically based on activities.

• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.733-738
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• 2008

Although previous studies have implicated a role for TC1 (C8orf4) in cancer cell proliferation, the molecular mechanism of its action is still largely unclear. In this study, we showed, for the first time, that the mRNA levels of TC1 were upregulated by mitogens (FBS/thrombin) and at least partially, through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the over-expression of TC1 promoted the $G_1$- to S-phase transition of the cell cycle, which was delayed by the deficiency of ERK1/2 signaling in fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the luciferase reporter assay indicated that the over-expression of TC1 significantly increased Cyclin D1 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Taken together, our findings revealed that TC1 was involved in the mitogen-activated ERK1/2 signaling pathway and positively regulated $G_1$- to S-phase transition of the cell cycle. Our results may provide a novel mechanism of the role of TC1 in the regulation of cell proliferation.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.75-95
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were: 1) to understand the meaning of color according to the culture 2) to develop color and color arrangements in the thoughts of the East and the West.. The meaning of color on the dyed clothing was investigated through the book written classified with yin, yang, five color elements and Christian color system. The results were as follows; 1. Red wedding dress used the meaning of prevent badness and American used to resist for England in the War of Independence. 2. White wedding dress meaned innocent, gladness to the ancient Greece, Rome and Gothic Christian in the West, and it meaned a dead daughter in Japan, East, 3. Blue clothes meaned lucky in the East and meaned sacredness and love in the West. 4. Yellow was the color of the Emperor in the East, and it meaned death, betray in the West. 5. Black meaned badness in the East, and it meaned sadness in the West.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2345-2352
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• 2010

By Chinese growth, economic development and investment of the West-coast are consisting. Specially, the West-coast area need tourist development and tourism Import for the Incheon and the Pyeongtaekhang of the Gyeonggido Province, China trade through the Chungcheongdo Province area. According to such regional special quality, the railroad tourism industry should be activated. Sunset of tourism infra in the West-coast is high value as representative goods of the West coast. Development of the theme railroad tourism industry that utilize the tide may maximize regional advantage of China and capital region. This research is basis investigation to examine development possibility as sunset theme railroad tourism industry of the West-coast. Scope of this research limited by the sunset theme railroad tourism industry for the Chungchongdo Province area.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.3301-3303
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• 2010

Two new diterpenoid alkaloids, N(19)-en-denudatine (1) and N(4)-butanone-flavaconitine (2), were isolated from Aconitum brachypodum Diels.. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses including UV, IR, MS, 1D- and 2D-NMR.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.199-212
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• 2002

"East and West Medicine Research Society Monthly View" was published 7 times to revive and develope the Eastern medicine that was in downward trend with an "review the old and learn the new" attitude to unite the East and West medicine. This magazine was lead by the East and West Medicine Research Society and therefore an academic magazine. Its contents mostly consist of lecture type serials. This is because the purpose of the magazine was to reeducate physicians of the Chinese school or to educate the people who had purpose on medicine. The contents of "East and West Medicine Research Society Monthly View" has many serials on various subjects such as Eastern Medicine, Western Medicine, East and West Medicine, and SaSang medicine. Puting in articles about hygiene to put in many writings about living health shows the effort in trying to treat epidemics with Korean Medicine.