• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.28
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• pp.135-165
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• 1995

When the unification process was established, West German librarians formed a commission for all library and information sectors. After legal unification, the committee formed 6 Arbeitsgruppe(AG) to develop library and information policies for the country. This was designed specially to elevate the level of the East German library system to the West German standard. The first AG concerns the public libraries. The second AG focuses on the education system for library and information specialists. The third AG examines the academic libraries. The fourth AG reviews the regional and national library services and the central organization. The fifth AG explores library and information techniques. The sixth and final AG inspects the legal problem of libraries. Each AG consists of specialists from both East and West German library systems who are experts in their particular subject area. The committee has general meetings to determine the best direction for the nation's library system. Common knowledge indicates this unification was based on economical amalgamation(fusion) from East Germany to West Germany. The unification resulted in the library and information recommendations tending to favor the more advanced West German policies. In this process there are a number of subtle ideological and psychological problems. If before the separation they had developed their library system as one entity, they could overcome the current differences. with much less confusion. In this political phenomenon we can learn that cultural unification needs more time than political unification.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2018

This study tries to reveal uplift rates inferred from relative and absolute ages on coastal terrace in the West and South Coasts of South Korea. Uplift rate from relative ages on Pleistocene coastal terrace in the West Coast rangesfrom approximately 0.059 to 0.282 m/ky, while a range of approximately 0.020~0.385 m/ky is calculated from the South Coast, suggesting that the South Coast shows higher rate than the West Coast. Based on absolute ages on coastal terrace during MIS 5 in the South Coast, on the other hand, the uplift rates 1 and 4 have ranges of approximately 0.042~0.062 m/ky and 0.051~0.087 m/ky, respectively, indicating that uplift rate in the South Coast is one-third to one-fourth to that in the East Coast. No research on absolute ages in West Coast terrace and lack of relative and absolute ages in the West and South Coasts are considered as the limit in this study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2021

The maturation and spawning of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were inversigated using 2,415 samples collected monthly from January 2017 to December 2019, in the Yellow Sea of Korea. We analyzed monthly changes in gonadosomatic index (GSI), maturity stage, egg diameter (mm), the relations fecundity and total length (cm). The spawning period was February to March. Fecundity varied between 334,836 and 2,099,600 eggs. The relationship between the fecundity and TL of fish was expressed in F=186.86TL2.0954 (R2=0.7359). The percentage of sexually mature females estimated from a logistic function was over 50%, 75% and 97.5% for the size (TL) 39.3, 44.8 and 57.7 cm.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2024

This study used a GPS tracker to determine characteristics of wintering habitat use by black-tailed gulls on the west coast of Korea. Results of this study showed a southward movement in December and a northward movement in March. The wintering habitat was confirmed to include the southwest coastal island area (Group 1), the inland coastal area (Group 2), and China (Group 3). The wintering home range was the narrowest in October and the widest in December. Home range of Group 1 was increased from November, showing the maximum in December, decreased in February, and then tended to increase again in March. Group 2 showed the widest home range in November and a narrow range of home range from December. Home range of Group 3 showed a mixed pattern of group 1 and group 2. The flight rate was the lowest in January and the highest in March. Day and night flight rates showed significant differences by month. This study identified wintering characteristics of the West Coast population of black-tailed gulls on the West Coast, including their wintering areas, migration periods, and use patterns. These wintering characteristics of black-tailed gull in the west coast area are thought to be affected by environmental factors (such as food resources and fishing activities) and geographical characteristics of the West Coast where many islands are distributed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2002

Purpose : Among numerous biological symptoms of cancer, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are essential for tumor invasion and metastasis. HAD is used as an inhibitor of MMP gene. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of HAD on anti metastasis and preventing recurrence in cancer patients. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 69 cancer patients who had been administered with HAD for over 12 months continuously in East-West Cancer Center of Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, from January 1993 to May 2002. Results : We analyzed gender, portion, stage and anti-metastasis & recurrence rates of cancer patients. Analysis of sex cases showed that the percentage of male is 62.3%, female is 37.7%. Analysis of cancer portion showed that the percentage of stomach is 31.9%, colorectum is 26.1%, lung is 21.7%, liver is 8.7%, breast is 8.7% Analysis of stage showed that the rate of III is 78.3%, IV is 13.0% and II is 8.7%. Analysis of anti-metastasis and recurrence rates showed that colorectal cancer is 77.8%, stomach cancer is 63.6%, lung cancer is 33.4% and breast cancer is 33.3% (mean : 53.6%). Conclusions : HAD has significant effects on anti-metastasis and preventing recurrence of tumor on cancer patients. So it helps to prolong the survival rates of cancer patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

Inhibition of inflammatory response, acceleration of basal cell growth, and balanced synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) are important in healing of cutaneous open wounds. In order to evaluate the healing effects of water extracts of Radix Astragali (the root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.)) on open wound at early stage, the experimental open wounds were generated on the dorsal sides of SD rats under anesthesia. The boiled-water extracts of Radix Astragali $(100{\mu}l)$, soaked into an occlusive film dressing were applied once a day for eleven consecutive days. The healing process was assessed by measuring macroscopic appearance and wound areas of the open wounds. The molecular aspects of healing process by Radix Astragali extracts were also investigated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) double staining and immunohistological staining of collagen type I in the healed skin area, implying cell density and linear alignment of the granulation tissue, and ECM synthesis and its remodeling, respectively. The Astragali radix extracts were found to significantly accelerate the cutaneous wound healing by suppressing the inflammation and stimulating the basal cell growth in wounded area, as compared to epidermal growth factor (EGF).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.825-829
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• 2006

Rhus verniciflua Stokes has been used for treatment of blood stasis and abdominal mass in Oriental medicine. Rhus verniciflua Stokes has been experimentally reported to exert antioxidant, antiproliferative, antithrombotic and apoptotic activities. In the present study, the antiangiogenic and in vivo antitumor activities of aqueous extract of processed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Nexia) by heat were examined to elucidate its anticancer mechanism. Nexia showed weak cytotoxiicty against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC) with IC50 of${\sim}200\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;>200\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Nexia significantly inhibited the proliferation and migratory activity in vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) treated HUVEC. Furthermore, Nexia effectively suppressed the tumor volume in A549 nonsmall lung cancer bearing athymic nude mice, CanN. Cg-Foxn 1nu/CrljBgi up to 40.7% as well as tumor weight incised from LLC cells innoculated into the flank of C57BL/6 mice up to -50% compared with untreated control at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Taken together, these results suggest that processed Rhus verniciflua Stokes may inhibit the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells partly via inhibition of angiogenesis and can be potently applied to angiogenesis dependent cancers. However, it still needs a further research on molecular mechanism, angiogenesis animal study and clinical trial in future.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

Objects : This study propose to compare on general characteristics of acute stroke patients between Fire-Heat group and Deficiency of Yin group. Method : We recruited acute stroke patient within 4 weeks after stroke admitted to Department of Internal Medicine of Kyunghee University Oriental Medicial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Medical Center, Kyungwon University Songpa Oriental Medical Centar and Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Medical Center from April 2007 to August 2009. We investigate age, sex, type of stroke, past history, general characteristics, smoking, drinking alcohol, marriage sasang constitution, etc. Result : It was significant different in sex, smoking, dringking alcohol and marriage between Fire-Heat group and Deficiency Yin group. We need more cases for another result that could associate with diagnosis of stroke. Conclusion : We found that Fire heat group was more associated with lifestyle than deficiency yin group. Further study will be needed to analysis for the diagnosis and the treatments of stroke.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.490-499
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was aimed to elucidate the effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract (TKE) on the angiogenesis and growth of tumor cells. Methods : Tube formation assay was performed by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and anchorage dependent colony assay was performed by using B16-F10 melanoma, Hep G2 and HT1080, CT-26 and SNU-1 cells. Results : For HUVEC, TKE at a level of more than 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ suppresses cell growth. For HUVEC at 100 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and greater TKE density, the formation of tubes was suppressed in a dose-dependant manner. TKE controls the colony formations of B16-F10 melanoma cells, CT 26 cells, and Hep G2 cells, and its effect is proportional to density. In HT1080 cells and SNU-1 cells, formation is suppressed regardless of density. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that TKE has significant properties on anti-angiogenesis and growth inhibiting of tumor cells. It is suggested that TKE will be a good candidate for new drugs or therapeutics for anti-angiogenesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

Objective : Achyranthes japonica Nakai (AJ) has been classified as a herb that activates blood flow and clears the stagnated blood. In this study, we evaluated its anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity in animals to clarify the effect of AJ on pain or inflammation. Methods : ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with an ethanolic extract of AJ with two dosages of 200 mg/kg (p.o.) and 400 mg/kg (p.o.). Nociceptive responses of acute pain were determined by hotplate and tail-flick tests. The effects of AJ on inflammation were evaluated by flexion/extention test and mechanical hyperalgesia test in models induced by both carrageenan and Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Results : AJ showed significant analgesic effects in both hotplate and tail-flick tests at the dose of 400 mg/kg. It also produced a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema and CFA induced arthritis in rats at the dose of 400 mg/kg. Conclusion : We have demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of an 80% ethanolic extract of AJ in animals. This suggests the application of AJ in relief of pain or inflammatory disease.