• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.135-150
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• 1996

This study was performed to analyze the patient's experience during the progress of disease in the patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee Joint. The examine was consisted of five patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee joint from Dec. 4. 1995 to May, 20, 1996 at C university hospital. After hospitalization, the physical and psycho-logical status of the patients during preoperation, postoperation and discharge was examined. The data were examined according to the ethnographic method. The results are as follows. The patients experienced the periods of embarrasment, conflict, before surgery suffering, acceptance period after surgery. In the embarrasment period, the patients take a multiple medication therapy including hospital treatment, oriental medication and folk medication to ameliorate joint pain after first diagnosis on arthritis. The embarrasment period includes compulsive drug medication, oriental medication, folk medication, trouble some, sadness and survey of hospitals. In the conflict period, the patients consider the operation of knee because of working difficulty and severe Joint Pain, while they feel anxiety about the surgery. They condemn their physical situations. They have the conflict and anxiety on surgical operation. they consider the quality of life. They hope the surgery makes patients to improve walking ability. This period includes self-condemned, sorry, tiresomeness, expectation, worrisomeness, anxiety and hesitance. In the suffering period, the patients experience post operation physical discomfort after the total knee replacement. They do physical exercise, including extension and straight leg raising to maintain walking ability, while they endure to wait approximately 6 months for normal walking movements and they are also unstable to environmental people's sight. This period includes postoperative pain, continuous discomfort, inability and communication difficulty to other's people. In the acceptance period, the patients consider longerity of artificial Joint and also endure mild remaining joint pain. Some of them have religions for their wellbeing of life. This period include a self-protesting policy, abandonment, self-consolation, dependence on religions. According to the result from this study I suggested these shown below. 1) After replacement surgery of knee joint, continuous investigation on outcome patient is necessary. 2) It is also necessary to analyze on patient's experiences, who are taken the replacement surgery of hip Joint. 3) Study on disease experiences of patients with rhematoid arthritis, who take drug medication and physical therapy alone without surgery, is necessary. 4) Investigation on patient's favorable folk medication may be helpful to analyze disease experience of patients with osteoarthritis.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 2010

정신적 장애인을 대상으로 체계적인 원예치료 프로그램 마련을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 정신적 장애인을 대상으로 실시한 원예치료 프로그램을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 전체 원예치료 프로그램 중 공예활동이 가장 많이 진행되었으며 대상자별로는 지적장애가 가장 많았다. 그리고 시기별로는 전기보다 후기에 많은 프로그램이 진행되었다. 재배활동에서는 일반재배, 대상자별로는 지적장애가 가장 많았고 시기별로도 전기보다는 후기에 프로그램이 증가되었다. 공예활동을 살펴보면 전체적으로 화훼장식품이 가장 많았으며 대상자별로는 지적장애가 많았고 시기별로는 전기보다 후기에 더 많은 프로그램이 진행되었다. 요리활동에서는 차와 관련된 프로그램, 대상자별로는 지적장애가 가장 많았다. 시기별로는 전기보다 후기에 더 많은 프로그램이 진행되었다. 학습활동에서는 오리엔테이션 프로그램이 가장 많았으며, 대상자별로는 정신적장애가 많았고, 시기별로는 전기보다 후기에서 증가했다. 야외활동의 분석결과 전체적으로 소풍이 많았으며, 대상자별로는 지적장애에서 많은 프로그램이 진행되었다. 또한 시기별로는 전기보다 후기에 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.216-226
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• 2023

폴리아미드 수지인 나일론 66이 개발되어 칫솔모에 적용된 이래로 플라스틱 소비는 매년 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 이와 더불어 폐기되는 플라스틱의 양이 증가하고 있다. 플라스틱의 분해에 의해 생성되는 다양한 플라스틱 분해물 중에서 5 mm 이하 크기에 해당하는 미세플라스틱은 환경 내에서 광범위하게 분포하고 있으며, 이로 인해 환경뿐만 아니라 동물과 나아가 인간에게 위협이 되는 존재가 되고 있다. 미세플라스틱이 인체로 유입되는 경로로는 물과 식품을 통한 섭취, 공기로 부터의 흡입 및 피부 접촉으로 알려져 있으며, 인체에 유입된 미세플라스틱은 인간의 건강에 영향을 주고 있다. 최근 들어 미세플라스틱과 관련된 연구중에서 식품과 관련된 연구들이 보고되기 시작하고 있으며, 통조림 식품, 김, 음료, 맥주, 우유, 설탕, 꿀 등의 가공식품에 미세플라스틱의 존재 및 이와 관련된 플라스틱 종류에 대한 분석 연구가 진행되고 있는 상황이다. 본 총설에서는 미세플라스틱의 발생 동향, 인체 유입 경로와 인체 위험성, 그리고, 제한적이긴 하지만 최근 보고되고 있는 가공식품에 존재하는 미세플라스틱에 대하여 제시하였다. 현재까지 가공식품에 존재하는 미세플라스틱과 위해평가와 관련된 연구는 미비한 실정이지만, 미세플라스틱은 환경에만 영향을 주는 위해 인자에서 식품에도 영향을 끼치는 위해 인자로 점차 인식되고 있는 상황이며 향후의 연구들을 통해 가공식품 내 존재하는 미세플라스틱에 대한 규제에 영향을 줄 것으로 전망된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2005

건강에 대한 관심이 고조되면서 식물잎 추출물과 같은 천연물질을 처리한 콩나물이 시판되고 있다. 녹차잎 추출물을 처리한 콩나물과 상대적으로 세근형성을 더욱 억제하는 것으로 보고되고 있는 두충잎 추출물의 처리호과를 비교하고자 녹차잎과 두충잎 추출물에 침종하여 재배한 콩나물의 재배일수에 따른 세근형성, 생장 및 형태에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 본 시험을 수행되었던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 두충잎과 녹차잎 추출물 처리 모두 풍산나물콩과 소원콩 보다는 준저리에서 하배축 길이가 7cm 이상의 비율이 현저히 낮은 반면, 발아는 되었으나 4cm 이하의 비율을 현저히 증가 시켰다. 이들 추출물 처리에 대한 하배축, 뿌리 및 전체길이, 하배축 중간과 hook부분 직경, 각부위 및 전체 생체중에 대한 품종별 반응도 하배축 구성 비율과 유사하였다. 2. 두충잎과 녹차잎 추출물 처리 모두 재배일수가 길어질수록 하배축 길이가 4~7cm, 4cm 이하 및 미발아개체의 비율 감소로 7cm 이상의 비율이 증가되었다. 하배축, 뿌리 및 전체길이, 하배축 중간과 hook부분 직경, 하배축과 뿌리 무게의 증가로 전체 생체중은 재배일수가 길어질수록 증가되었다. 3.녹차잎 추출물 처리에 비하여 두충잎 추출물 처리에서 세근형성이 지연되고 개체당 형성된 세근수도 적고 재배일수가 길어질수록 증가정도가 적었다. 하배축과 뿌리 길이, 하배축 굵기, 개체당 전체생체중에서도 녹차잎 추출물보다는 두충잎 추출물 처리에서 작고 적어 콩나물 생장에 대한 억제효과는 두충잎 추출물 처리에서 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November, 2014. Results: Response rate was 84.6%. Mean age of the respondents was $16.4{\pm}1.65years$. Range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and $12.0{\pm}3.32years$ respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04-63.35), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI:84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarette. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was $12.0{\pm}3.32years$. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends and advertisements. Life time prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2013

비단백질 구성 아미노산인 gamma amino butyric acid(GABA)는 뇌에서 억제성 신경전달물질로 작용하며 혈압 저하, 신경 안정, 이뇨 작용 등에 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 김치로부터 두유에서 커드를 형성하는 40개 균주를 분리하였다. GABA 생산력이 높은 균주를 선별하기 위하여 분리된 균주들을 두유에 접종하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 48시간동안 발효하였다. 분리된 균주들 가운데 발효두부에서 가장 높은 GABA 를 생산하는 383 균주는 API 분석과 16S rDNA sequence를 통하여L. sakei로 동정되었으며 L. sakei 383으로 명명하였다. L. sakei 383은 MRS 배지에서 $35^{\circ}C$, 24시간 배양할 때 가장 높은 생육을 나타내었으며 두유에 균을 접종하여 $35^{\circ}C$에서 18시간 발효 했을 때를 GABA 생산을 위한 최적 배양 조건으로 정하였으며 최대 GABA 함량은 8.65 mg/100 g이었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-79
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• 2010

In a virtual community, one can possess multiple identities and pretend to be different by creating self-identity in contrast with his or her actual self. Does false identity undermine the qualitative growth of a virtual community by reducing members' accountability? Or does it stimulate their contributive behaviors by ensuring freedom of speech? It is imperative to understand the effects of multi-identity considering the distinct properties of a virtual community in which people easily change their identities at little or no cost. To answer these questions, we adopted the concept of self-discrepancy from the social psychology theory rooted in the concept of the self and developed a theoretical model to predict quality of contribution of the individual member in virtual communities. Based on the self-discrepancy theory, we first identified two different domains of the self: (1) an "actual self" that consists of attributes that the person believes he or she currently possesses in real life and (2) a "cyber self" that consists of attributes the person believes he or she possesses in a virtual community. Next, we derived an index for two different types of self-discrepancy by using the differences between the actual and the cyber identities: Personal Self-discrepancy and Social Self-discrepancy. Personal Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's intelligence, education, and expertise. Social Self-discrepancy reflects the degree of discrepancy between actual and cyber identity regarding a person's morality, sociability, and accordance with social norms. Finally, we linked them with sense of virtual community, perceived privacy rights, and quality of contribution to examine how having a multi-identity influences an individual's psychological state and contributive behaviors in a virtual community. The results of the analysis based on 266 respondents showed that Social Self-discrepancy negatively influenced both the Sense of Virtual Community and Perceived Privacy Rights, while Personal Self-discrepancy negatively influenced only Perceived Privacy Rights, thereby resulting in reduced quality of contribution in virtual communities. Based on the results of this analysis, we can explain the dysfunctions of multi-identity in virtual communities. First, people who pretend to be different by engaging in socially undesirable behaviors under their alternative identities are more likely to suffer lower levels of psychological wellbeing and thus experience lower levels of sense of virtual community than others. Second, people do not perceive a high level of privacy rights reflecting catharsis, recovery, or autonomy, even though they create different selves and engage in socially undesirable behaviors in a virtual community. Third, people who pretend to be different persons in terms of their intelligence, education, or expertise also indirectly debase the quality of contribution by decreasing perceived privacy rights. The results suggest that virtual community managers should pay more attention to the negative influences exercised by multi-identity on the quality of contribution, thereby controlling the need to create alternative identities in virtual communities. We hope that more research will be conducted on this underexplored area of multi-identity and that our theoretical framework will serve as a useful conceptual tool for all endeavors.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2016

Purpose - As consumers' needs for purchasing fresh and safe food have been bigger in Korea, their interest in local food is also growing recently. So, the number of local food stores has been increased from 3 in 2012 to 103 in 2015. Local food stores should operate a business responding consumers' needs in order that local food stores are not to be a one-time fad. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of consumers who use a local food store and provide helpful implications to design a strategy for sustainable growth of local food store. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, Probit model was used for empirical analysis in order to examine the effect of purchase choice attributes of agricultural products, consumer's satisfaction, and their demographic factors upon the intention to use a local food store. After estimating coefficients of the probit model, marginal effects were calculated as a standard normal, and cumulative distribution is differentiated with respect to explanatory variables. To collect the data, questionnaire survey was carried out with the consumers using the local food store (Youngjin Nonghyup near to Jeonju city located in Jeollabuk-do). Result - The data analysis found that the more consumers are satisfied with local food store, the higher intention they have to use the local food store. In addition, it was known that the factors related to quality of agricultural products and shopping convenience among the purchase choice attributes have a considerable impact on the purchase intention of a local food store. In demographic factors, income was turned out to be an important factor affecting purchase intention of local food. Such a result supports the hypothesis that high income consumers are likely to purchase local food, which is based on the inference that consumers who have a high income tend to pursue wellbeing life. Futhermore, information delivery, through a reputable media source among general factors, was known to play an important role in forming an intention to purchase local food. According to the analysis of marginal effects, probability of purchase intention of a local food store is increased by 11.4%, if a monthly average income of a household is above 4.5 million Won(Korean currency). If purchasing satisfaction with local food stores is high, the probability of purchase intention would be increased by 24.1%. Likewise, such a probability goes up by 8.7%, 5.8%, respectively as an increasing one unit of quality of agricultural products and shopping convenience of local food stores, respectively. Conclusion - For attaining sustainable growth in a local food store, it is considered necessarily to establish a proper store operation system to meet consumers' needs, especially for quality and shopping convenience of local food. Moreover, as it was found that appropriate communication through media source has a positive effect on the intention to use local food store, PR activity seems to be necessary to expand the consumers' demands for local foods.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.247-276
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• 2010

본 연구는 성인기 지적장애인 아버지와 어머니의 심리적 안녕감에 스트레스원, 자원이 미치는 효과를 돌봄평가(돌봄스트레스, 돌봄만족)가 매개하는 효과에 대한 설명모형을 검증하고, 아버지와 어머니의 차이를 살펴보고자하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 2009년 12월 1일부터 2010년 1월 22일까지 충청북도에 위치한 장애인복지관 8개소, 장애인주간보호시설 5개소, 장애인직업재활시설 8개소를 이용하는 성인지적장애인 부모 400명을 대상으로 조사를 실시하였으며, 불성실한 응답 30부를 제외한 370부를 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과 돌봄스트레스를 내생변수로 자녀의 일상생활기능, 자녀의 부적응행동, 부모의 건강상태의 직접효과가 유의하였다. 돌봄만족을 내생변수로 가족지지, 전문가지지, 돌봄스트레스의 직접효과가 유의하였다. 심리적 안녕감을 내생변수로는 돌봄만족과 돌봄스트레스의 효과가 유의하였으나, 부모건강상태의 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 간접효과의 경우 돌봄스트레스의 매개효과를 보면, 일상생활기능, 부적응행동, 부모건강상태가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향을 돌봄스트레스가 매개하는 효과가 유의하였다. 돌봄만족의 매개효과의 경우, 가족지지, 전문가지지, 돌봄스트레스가 심리적 안녕에 미치는 영향을 돌봄만족이 매개하는 효과가 유의하였다. 다집단분석 결과 성별에 따라 차이가 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 경로는 친구지지→돌봄만족, 돌봄스트레스→심리적안녕, 전문가지지→돌봄만족이었다. 이상의 결과에 기초하여 실천적 제언을 제시하였다.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate upon a diversification strategy through market creation of CJ Group, which has contributed in positioning of the firm as one of the leading conglomerates in South Korea. With such objective, the background of CJ Group, followed by its business diversification strategies were explored, with reference to several case studies. The history of CJ Group began with establishment of CheilJedang Industrial Corporation in 1953, as the first domestic sugar producer and exporter of South Korea. The corporation gradually expanded its business ever since at both national and global level, to include the fields of food production, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and life chemicals. Later, CheilJedang (CJ) Group was established as an affiliate of CheilJedang Industrial Corporation. With such independence, extension of business has been witnessed across the industries of media, entertainment, finance, information technology and distribution. Thus, the current CJ Group pursues to define itself as a progressive global living culture company with four major business categories from food and food service, biotechnology, entertainment and media, and logistics. Despite its success in today's market, CJ Group underwent hardships in its business diversification in 1990s due to indiscreet management, along with the Asian financial crisis. Here, many firms overcame the financial difficulties by taking advantage of the exchange rate for overseas expansion. Though, CJ Group tried to differentiate itself by focusing on the domestic market by creating something out of nothing. Hence, CJ Group takes a unique position among many cases of business diversification and their categorization. In an effort to identify and classify the types of growth experienced by the top 30 companies in South Korea, the firms were categorized into four groups according to their diversification strategies adapted after the Asian financial crisis. Based on the mode and time of entry, corporations were identified either as the 'Explorer', 'Invader', 'Venture Capitalist', or 'Assimilator'. Here, the majority of the firms showed the qualities of Invader, entering mature markets through large-scaled mergers and acquisitions. However, CJ Group was the only firm that was categorized as an Explorer, for its focus on the newly emerging service sector in culture-contents industry. This diversification strategy through market creation is worth examining, due to its contribution in generating simultaneous growth between the market and the company itself. Diverse brands of CJ Group have been referred to as case studies in this regard, from 'Hatban', 'Cine de Chef', 'VIPS' to 'CJ GLS'. These four businesses, each to represent processed food, film, restaurant service, and logistics industries respectively, show CJ Group's effectiveness in creating a whole new category of goods and services that are innovative. In fact, such businesses not only contributed in advancement of consumers' wellbeing, but toward generating additional value and employment. It is true that the diversification strategy of CJ Group requires long-term capital investment with high risk, compared to the other strategies mentioned in the paper. However, this model does create high employment and additional values that are positive to both the society and the firm itself. Therefore, the paper comes to a conclusion that the diversification strategy through market creation conveys the most positive impact relative to the others.