• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.251-259
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to show the characteristics of integrated welfare center space by applying Context-Awareness technology in order to provide user-friendly services for efficient use of integrated welfare centers as more and more people are interested in using welfare integrated welfare centers which have increasingly been supplied. For this study, we propose the spaces which provide users of integrated welfare centers with proper services by applying Context-Awareness after reviewing the theory of Context-Awareness through literature study as well as case analysis and choosing the reasonable Context-Awareness technology for integrated welfare centers. As it is possible to efficiently provide users with safety service, information service and convenient service by the analysis of space, users' movement in lobby where Context-Awareness is applied and the lobbies of integrated welfare centers in Munsan area, Paju-si out of domestic cases about integrated welfare centers, the different type of spaces from the existing one is expected.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2021

생활체육 정책은 스포츠복지 정책의 개념적 범주에서 다루어질 필요가 있다. 스포츠복지의 개념을 넘어서 일반적인 복지의 중요한 부분으로 인식될 수 있어야 스포츠복지 정책이 가지는 효과성을 더욱 증대시킬 수 있다. 그리고 대상자인 국민에게 스포츠복지 정책을 효과적으로 전달하기 하기 위해서는 스포츠복지 정책이 다른 복지 서비스와 마찬가지로 국가적 차원의 전달체계 안에 편입될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 스포츠복지 정책이 국가적 차원의 전달체계에 편입되는 방안 중 하나로 스포츠복지 거버넌스의 구성과 이를 총괄할 수 있는 스포츠복지 조직을 신설하는 복지전담 독립형 정책 모델을 제안하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2024

There is no prior research on organizational commitment and supervision for social welfare public officials in charge of public-private cooperation in public welfare fields. Therefore we are designed to determine the impact of social welfare public officials' public-private cooperation awareness on organizational commitment to verify the moderating effect of supervision on the effect between public-private cooperation awareness and organizational commitment. The analysis data is 242 questionnaires collected from Incheon public health and welfare officials visiting towns, villages, and villages in 10 counties. Using the SPSS 22.0 program, descriptive statistics and relationships between variables were analyzed, regression analysis was performed to analyze the influence between variables, and hierarchical regression analysis was performed to verify supervision control. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the perception of public-private cooperation affects organizational commitment, interacts with supervision satisfaction, and has a moderating effect. Based on this, in order to improve the organizational commitment of social welfare public officials during public-private cooperation work, specific measures were proposed for sharing awareness and understanding between the public and private sectors, establishing an official system, and establishing a supervision system.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

Five on-road measurements were made using a mobile laboratory (ML) to characterize spatial and temporal air pollutant distributions over roads around a day-care center in urban area on 30 August 2013. Fixed monitoring was also done near the day-care center using the ML during the periods between on-road measurements. On-road air pollution monitoring route was classified into seven sections and three zones to identify severe polluted roads among many roads having different traffic volumes and directions. Typical pollutants emitted from vehicles such as $NO_x$, black carbon, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and submicron particles including nanoparticles were monitored using real-time instruments. Peak concentration episodes were frequently observed during the on-road measurements and most peaks were simultaneously monitored at four pollutants. Colored on-road air pollution map for each pollutant provides an insight on spatial air pollution distribution, showing heavily polluted roads and sections. Average on-road $NO_x$ concentration of each run was similar to that monitored at the nearest roadside air monitoring station.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.536-546
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• 2024

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of grain-based pecking blocks on productivity and welfare status at two commercial broiler welfare-certified farms. Methods: Production and welfare indicators were assessed at two farms (designated Farm A and B). Both farms had two windowless houses with forced tunnel-type ventilation and housed broilers at stocking densities of approximately 16.7 birds/m² (Farm A) and 16.8 birds/m² (Farm B). Each house was divided into two or three equal sections and was provided with or without pecking blocks. Grain-based pecking blocks, measuring 25 × 25 × 25 cm, were given to broilers in both farms at 1 block per 1,000 birds. Various parameters including productivity (body weight and flock uniformity), corticosterone levels (in fecal droppings and feathers), footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather dirtiness, gait score, litter quality, body surface temperature, and volatile fatty acids in fecal samples were assessed at 26 days of age, whereas litter quality was analyzed at 13 and 26 days of age. Results: There were no significant effects of providing pecking blocks on productivity (body weight and uniformity), fecal and feather corticosterone, welfare indicators (i.e., footpad dermatitis, hock burn, feather cleanliness, and gait score), and litter quality (i.e., moisture, nitrogen, and pH). No differences in body surface temperature between the control and enrichment treatments were noted in Farm B, but body surface temperatures of the head (p = 0.029) and legs (p = 0.011) in the enrichment vs. control group were elevated in Farm A. Butyrate concentration in the enrichment vs control group was higher in Farm B (p = 0.023), but this effect was not detected in Farm A. Conclusion: It is concluded that grain-based pecking blocks did not affect performance and welfare indicators. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the potential impact of grain-based pecking blocks on gut health indicators.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.11
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• 2015

Background: Due to increased interest in animal welfare, there is now a need for a comprehensive assessment protocol to be used in intensive pig farming systems. There are two current welfare assessment protocols for pigs: Welfare Quality$^{(R)}$ Assessment Protocols (applicable in the Europe Union), that mostly focuses on animal-based measures, and the Swine Welfare Assurance Program (applicable in the United States), that mostly focuses on management- and environment-based measures. In certain cases, however, animal-based measures might not be adequate for properly assessing pig welfare status. Similarly, welfare assessment that relies only on environment- and management-based measures might not represent the actual welfare status of pigs. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to develop a new welfare protocol by integrating animal-, environment-, and management-based measures. The background for selection of certain welfare criteria and modification of the scoring systems from existing welfare assessment protocols are described. Methods: The developed pig welfare assessment protocol consists of 17 criteria that are related to four main principles of welfare (good feeding, good housing, good health, and appropriate behavior). Good feeding, good housing, and good health were assessed using a 3-point scale: 0 (good welfare), 1 (moderate welfare), and 2 (poor welfare). In certain cases, only a 2-point scale was used: 0 (certain condition is present) or 2 (certain condition is absent). Appropriate behavior was assessed by scan sampling of positive and negative social behaviors based on qualitative behavior assessment and human-animal relationship tests. Results: Modification of the body condition score into a 3-point scale revealed pigs with a moderate body condition (score 1). Moreover, additional criteria such as feed quality confirmed that farms had moderate (score 1) or poor feed quality (score 2), especially those farms located in a high relative humidity region. Conclusions: The developed protocol can be utilized to assess welfare status in an intensive pig farming system. Although further improvements are still needed, this study is a first step in developing a pig welfare assessment protocol that combines animal-, environment-, and management-based measures.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Air pollution levels of gases and aerosol particles inside the Jeongneung and Hongjimun tunnels of the Naebu express way in Seoul were investigated through on-road measurement using a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) on February 8, 2011. The concentrations of $NO_x$, $CO_2$, number concentration of particles ranging 21-560 nm, and surface area of particles deposited on a human lung almost linearly increased with increasing distance from the tunnel entrance, and decreased rapidly before the tunnel exit. This trend was observed regardless of tunnel length and driving directions, which thought to be caused by semi-transverse ventilation facilities of the tunnels. The concentration increments per 1-m distance for $NO_x$, $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles ranging 21-560 nm were 0.61~0.80 ppb, 0.16~0.21 ppm, $0.20{\sim}0.29{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and 117~192 particles/$cm^3$, respectively. Average pollution levels inside the two tunnels for $CO_2$, deposited particle surface area, and number of particles >5.6 nm ranged 681~748 ppm, $246{\sim}381{\mu}m^2/cm^3$, and $2.4{\sim}6.7{\times}10^5$ particles/$cm^3$, respectively. In case of $NO_x$, the maximum concentration exceeded 1 ppm. These pollution levels inside the tunnels are much higher than those at urban background sites. This result can be utilized as basic data to evaluate the effectiveness of present ventilation system for reducing the pollution level caused by vehicles inside the tunnels.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.58-64
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• 2018

This main purpose of the study is to identify social network of communicators sharing information on Bokjiro for publicizing welfare policy. This study employs NodeXL pro to understand networks and their role in the social network. The data for social network analysis was collected from Twitter for a week. The result of the analysis shows that the social network of communicators on Bokjiro does not have many nodes. It also has an independent network with high possibility of information distortion. Little communicators have controlling power in information flow in one way of communication. According to the result, it is not effective for marketing strategy of welfare policy in providing online information through Bokjiro. The study suggests that the government should use the transactional approach to marketing based on agent-oriented activity focusing on the exchange relationship between information providers and demanders in an age of networked intelligence.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.811-821
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• 2017

This paper intends to propose the direction for improving the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels engaged in coastal and inshore fishery business in order to solve the phenomenon which young fishers trend to avoid working on fishing vessels. Coastal and inshore fisheries are defined as permitted fisheries business under the Fisheries Act and classified into coastal fisheries and inshore fisheries based on a gross tonnage of 10 tons. Fisheries Act also stipulates the upper limit tonnage regulation and the restrictions on bottoms of fishing vessels permitted for coastal and inshore fisheries to protect fishery resources and to prevent overfishing. It is difficult to increase the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishers under such restrictions because the welfare space in crew accommodation could be secured by reducing the space for the strength of fishing. Therefore, this paper compares the revision trend of the international convention(The Work in Fishing Convention, 2007) and domestic laws on welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels engaged in coastal and inshore fishery business to find out the problems and improvement points in securing the welfare space in crew accommodation of fishing vessels. As a result, it is proposed to revise the Enforcement Ordinance of the Fisheries Act so as to secure the welfare space in crew accommodation of coastal and inshore fishing vessels within the scope of maintaining the maximum allowable tonnage limit regulation by adding an exemption provisions of the restrictions on bottoms of fishing vessels in which case the gross tonnage is increased for securing the spaces for crew accommodation and sanitary facilities of fishers without increasing net tonnage where the bottoms of fishing vessels is increased by renovating or replacing the fishing vessels bigger than the bottoms of fishing vessels permitted within the scope of maintaining the maximum allowable tonnage limit regulation.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of standards harmonization between technologically asymmetric countries, and to determine optimal harmonization strategies for a country with mid-level technological advancement. Design/methodology - Following Salop's circular city model (Salop, 1979), this study constructs a simple, horizontally-differentiated oligopoly model in which three firms and three countries exist. Each country adopts different compatibility standards and each firm incurs conversion costs for foreign market access due to differences in standards. The conversion costs are related to technology; standards harmonization removes these costs between participating countries. The paper considers three cases: i) no harmonization; ii) harmonization with the more technologically-advanced country and iii) harmonization with the less technologically-advanced country. Findings - The paper first considers a scenario in which all three firms occupy some share of the market in each country. It shows that standards harmonization with both the technologically moreor less-advanced country always increases consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, the producer surplus will increase if the harmonization partner has a higher technology level, whereas it may decrease if the partner has a lower technology level. It also shows that if most domestic export goods are in sectors with conversion costs above a certain level, harmonizing standards with a technologically more-advanced country should be prioritized. Such strategies, moreover, should be emphasized when there exists a large technology gap among countries. Lastly, the paper considers another scenario, in which harmonization leads to the foreclosure of the non-member firm from the member countries' markets. It shows that harmonization improves the social welfare of a mid-level technology country regardless of its partner's technology. It also shows that the country should prioritize harmonization with the technologically less-advanced country. Originality/value - Though some of the existing studies consider the welfare effects of harmonization, their main assumption is that firms have the same conversion technology. Since complying with standards often requires substantial technological advancement and technical expertise, harmonization of compatibility standards between countries with gaps in technological ability carries different implications. This paper investigates the welfare effects of this harmonization and determines an optimal harmonization strategy while considering technological asymmetry among countries in standards compliance.