• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.31-54
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• 2011

This study investigates the nature of the welfare state under the Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun regime focusing on participatory democracy in the policy decision making procedure for the National Health Insurance. Participatory democracy was introduced not for the qualitative development of Korean democracy but for securing political legitimacy to change the Korean economic structure after the IMF financial crisis. Although participatory democracy played the positive role in winning higher benefit level in National Health Insurance. an index for the development of the welfare state, in 2007 A policy of higher benefit level ended in failure because of the pursuit of the neoliberal ideology, lack of government's responsibility for public finance, and thwarting policy holders' substantial participation in the decision-making process. Like those of past welfare systems, participatory democracy under the Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun regime was introduced for securing political legitimacy. But it was managed under restrictions imposed by pro-economic-growth ideology. Nevertheless, the Kim Dae Jung and Roh Moo Hyun governments are different from the former welfare states because of the fact that participatory democracy system is not 'service' system but 'political structure' and the fact that the grant of powers by participatory democracy played positive roles in the development of welfare state through request of higher benefit level policy.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.23-28
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• 2019

Purpose - With rapid population aging in Korea, changes in the population structure will result in a rise in the fiscal burden. This paper investigates the effects of population aging on fiscal spending based on Korea's province data and country panel data from the OECD. Research design, data, and methodology - We use province-level fiscal data from Local Finance Integrated Open System and the Korean Statistical Information Service and also collect country panel data from the OECD. To investigate the relationship between population aging and fiscal expenditures, our analysis uses the fixed effects model. Results - The empirical analysis based on Korean local finance and country panel data show that population aging has a positive impact on social welfare expenditures and it also has a positive impact on spending related to children and the elderly, implying that population aging may lead to an increase in fiscal spending via an increase in social welfare expenditures and spending related to children and the elderly. Conclusion - These empirical results suggest that countries like Korea that expect to experience rapid population aging need to pay more attention to prepare for the expected increase in age-related spending in the near future.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.447-453
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• 2021

Human resources play a key role in developing and enhancing the manner in which an organization change. In fact, the role of human resource-related quality management has contributed greatly to the growth of the organization in both the short and long term. The purpose of the current study is to identify factors that influence human resource retention in Hanoi in the backdrop of growing economic performance of Hanoi in Vietnam's economy. Primary data was collected through questionnaires of 280 respondents from the four districts in Hanoi, including 25.2% of respondents working in Cau Giay district, 21.2% in Dong Da district, 34.2% in Ha Dong district, and 19.4% in Thanh Xuan district. After applying Cronbach's Alpha and Explore Factor Analysis (EFA) analysis, Durbin-Watson test, empirical results demonstrate that relationship among co-workers has a significant and positive contribution on the maintenance of human resources in the organization. Additionally, higher welfare facilities for an employee are more likely to impact the maintenance of human resources in the organization. Factors such as working environment, job placement, and leadership relationship have no adverse effect on the maintenance of human resources, although a positive impact could be established in all cases.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.38-47
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• 2020

Purposes: The problem in the recent immigration policy and social policy changes for foreigners is that the preliminary analysis or research on the actual impact of the influx of foreigners has not been done enough in Korea yet.. This study is to examine the impact of the Korean health insurance finances on the influx of foreigners. Approach: This study analyzed the health insurance statistics for foreigners and overseas Koreans of the Health Insurance Corporation from 2013 to 2017. The data is the "Status of Health Insurance Premiums for Nationals, Foreigners, and Overseas Koreans from 2013 to 2017" submitted by the National Health Insurance Service to the Health and Welfare Committee during the 2018 National Audit Period. Findings: To summarize the analysis, first, the proportion of foreigners was only 1% of all subscribers (1.7% at work, 1.9% in regions) until 2017. Second, employees at work have a lower pay-to-pay ratio, and local subscribers have a higher pay-to-pay rate, regardless of nationality. Third, as immigrants are mostly concentrated in younger ages, they are healthy and use of hospitals is relatively low. Fourth, in terms of gender distribution, there are many women of childbearing age due to marriage immigration among foreign local subscribers, and more men use hospitals than workers who have a high proportion of males due to childbirth. In conclusion, the impact of immigration on health insurance finances is not large, and has a positive effect on finances. Practical Implications: If we simply consider the financial aspect, encouraging foreigners to subscribe to health insurance has a positive effect on finances. In particular, the more foreign workers are enrolled, the greater the financial gain. In particular, increasing the employment of foreign women through language education, vocational training, and employment support will help finance health insurance. One of the reasons foreign subscribers have a positive impact on health insurance finance is the low medical utilization rate. It can be said that young and healthy foreigners use fewer hospitals and clinics, but another aspect means that foreigners have difficulty using health insurance for various reasons. Therefore, various supports must be accompanied so that foreign subscribers can use medical services when necessary.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.203-230
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• 1998

This purposes of this study is to develope policies on the facilities for the elderly care in Korea. Methodology of this study adopts comparative analysis on the facilities for the elderly care in 6 countries which have experienced various problems on the elderly. These 6 countries are Japan, Sweden, America, Australian, England and Germany. Major issues for comparative analysis are the standard of care facilities, residence condition, finance of facilities establishment and expense, operating system, management, and the law and administrative structure about the facilities for the elderly care. The elderly people need various kinds of welfare services such as medical care facilities, nursing home facilities, home care facilities etc.. Thus the public policies for the aging population nations are compose of income maintenance program, health and medical care services and social welfare services. The policies of facilities for elderly care are very important since these policies include the characteristics of income maintenance, me\ulcorner미 care program and welfare program. This study willsupply basic data for the development of facilities for the elderly care in Korea, especially conceming the system and institutional device of the facilities.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2011

This paper is focused on the sustainability of public rental housing policy. We have analyzed the general fiscal conditions of central government, the public welfare fiscal conditions, the public expenditure on rental housing, and the Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) financial structure. Central government fiscal conditions is controlled by the midium-term fiscal operation plan(2010~2014) and fiscal rules. And the fiscal mandatory expenditures on welfare is increased rapidly by the expansion of beneficiaries, but the fiscal discretionary expenditures particularly on public rental housing can be gradually cut down. LH, the dominant agency responsible for affordable housing, is now confronted with financial distress accruing to excessive burden for public rental housing construction. As a result this paper, we find the discrepancy between the fiscal conditons and public rental housing policies. We suggest the fiscally sustainable rental housing policy. Firstly, the construction plan should be realized reflecting the market and fiscal conditions. Secondly, the provsion and financing system of rental housing should be rebuild within the government fiscal condtions and financial ability of LH.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.605-618
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to develop the household analysis and diagnosis program for the enhancement of family welfare focusing on the household of middle-aged full-time housewives. From the review of related literatures, the following areas of total family life were selected ; household management, time use, housing, household materials, finance, communication and decision making. Considering that the program subjects were middle-aged full-time housewives, the preparation for elderly life and the identity as housewife, one of the healthy family members, are appended. The progresses for the development of household analysis and diagnosis program were as follows: 1. to select the useful area of family life, 2. to make the indicators which explain the status of family life, and 3. to decide the scales for the diagnosis. This program has various uses such as the development of self-evaluation program, program for various family life course. Through this program the strength and weakness of family life can be found and the planning for the enforcement of family life can be practiced.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.313-320
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the household economic behavior of salt farmers participants in Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pugar) including of salt production, work flow, household revenue, the behavior of consumption of food and non-food items and the welfare level. This research followed a survey method by engaging 32 household farmers as participants. The findings revealed that the empowerment program was carried out through the technical assistance of salting production and the assistance of equipment and technology from Thread of Screw Filter and geoisolators to improve the quality of salt. The problems come when the marketing of salt is still limited to the collectors of salt which led to the price of salt level, manufacturers have not remained stable. Household revenue sources for some salt farmers also come from non-salt pond business activities. Farmer household revenue can be used to meet staple food consumption and non-food staple consumption. Based on the indicators of family welfare, households participating in the empowerment program were group into the category of prosperous families. In order to stabilize the price of salt at the producer level, government intervention in the people's salt trading system is needed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2021

The aim of the study is to empirically investigate and analyze the influence of public welfare, audit findings, and follow-up of audit recommendations on audit opinion with the disclosure level of financial reports as an intervening variable using agency theory and signaling theory. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative research method was employed. Population of this study is Provincial Government Financial Reports in Indonesia for fiscal years 2016 to 2018. There were 84 financial reports that met the criteria of purposive sampling. The data were gathered from the websites of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. In this study, the hypothesis-testing tool is path analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15. Based on the multiple regression analysis, the results show that audit findings, public income, and the disclosure level of financial reports significantly influenced audit opinion. Besides, the follow-up of audit recommendations and public health significantly influenced audit opinion through the disclosure level of financial reports. This study suggests that, in order to have better audit opinion, local governments need to improve public welfare, follow-up audit finding, and disclose more details in financial report.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2022

Each country's economic progress creates opportunities for its citizens to raise their income. Meanwhile, the country has secured the people's social security policies, particularly the protection of income equality, to promote harmonious and sustained economic development. Vietnam has been located in a dynamic economic development area in Southeast Asia since the 1986 economic reforms, with an annual growth rate of around 7%. Meanwhile, having achieved a middle-income status of roughly 3500 USD per person per year, Vietnam is attempting to maintain income equality and access to welfare systems for its inhabitants. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to use an autoregressive distributed lagged model to investigate the effects of income inequality and other economic factors such as foreign direct investment and trade openness on Vietnam's economic growth from 1992 to 2019. The research focuses attention on literature on income inequality, economic development indicators, and economic development in unique ways in this study. Income inequality slows the rate of change in economic development in the same year, according to our findings. Finally, the study will make policy suggestions to the Vietnamese government.