• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2013

It is known that Reliability Differentiated Pricing (RDP) can improve the efficiency and benefits of consumers and producers. This paper examines the long-run social welfare maximization problem of the utility and presents a long-term reliability differentiated prices for firm capacity, based on customer outage costs. Then the applicability of the proposed pricing scheme is verified with a case study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2001

Like other communication networks, the Internet is establishing and reinforcing connections between market participants. By adapting to these networks, market participants are able to obtain the power of network to create new benefits in on-line markets. In this paper, we develop three stage non-cooperative game models to analyze the community related business market in electronic commerce where network externalities are present. It is found that, regardless of its market share, individual firm in a market tends to favor a community network. The analysis also shows there exist some possibilities that these community networks can trap the market in an inferior state when better alternatives are available to yield greater social welfare.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.21-43
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• 2024

This paper provides a new theoretical rationale for public procurement for innovation (PPI), a unique policy encouraging public procurers to purchase innovative products. In contrast to existing studies that primarily emphasize the advantages of PPI, this paper takes a comprehensive approach, examining both the costs and risks associated with PPI, alongside its benefits. It finds a general condition under which PPI outperforms traditional public procurement. Under this condition, this paper demonstrates that PPI enhances social welfare by facilitating optimal risk-sharing between public procurers and the general economy. Additionally, it draws policy implications from a comparative analysis between the current PPI policy in Korea and an optimal PPI policy.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.40
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• pp.115-153
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• 2022

Korea has rapidly become an aging society, and this phenomenon is found not only in common population but also in many religious circles. In this context, interest in the welfare of retired clergy members is increasing, and some religious organizations are trying to devise and perform rules and/or policies that ensure a secure post-retirement life for their clergy. However, the welfare benefits differ from one religion to another according to the characteristics of the given religion's organizational structure. For instance, denominations with a centralized hierarchy such as Catholicism or Won Buddhism implement a relatively stable welfare system for their elderly clergy members whereas autonomous denominations like many Buddhist or Christian orders are often found to have somewhat insecure welfare systems. Clergy welfare in Daesoon Jinrihoe, one of the representative new religions in Korea, is emerging as an important issue as Daesoon Jinrihoe is also affected by the problems of Korea's aging society. However, since the order has a mixed system of a centralized hierarchy and autonomous local branches, the welfare for their elderly clergy lacks clear lines of accountability. Consequently, there have been talks to devise a proper welfare system; however, these talks have come to a standstill. In this regard, this study aims to look into and analyze how various structures and welfare systems within Korean religious organizations impact elderly clergy. Lastly, this research will provide suggestions on practical alternatives for Daesoon Jinrihoe which could resolve the problems within their welfare system that negatively impact elderly clergy members at present.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.75-97
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• 2007

The purpose of this article is to explore French 'minima sociaux', focusing its scheme, benefit determination rule and its level appreciation. First, on the its structure domain, French 'minima sociaux' presents the plural system in which there is eight categorical benefits and one general benefit. Il is the representation of the intention to guarantee minimum income for the dead zone people out of the social insurance application and also a historical product in different period, by different logic of benefits implementation. Second, comparing nine benefits based on the benefit determination rule, level of benefits for the poor without work ability is higher than one for the poor with work ability. Il represents one polarized perception toward for the poor according to have or not its work ability. Third, comparing level of 'minima sociaux' with relative poverty line, the level of the most 'minima sociaux' is placed under the poverty line. Nevertheless, it must not forget that 'minima sociaux' plays its role as the fundamental alternative for poverty alleviation, but not the only alternative. Fourth and finally, comparing with minimum income guarantee(SMIC in french), level of RMI benefit is estimated merely on the 50% of SMIC. We can consider that it is the result of the interaction of the complex factors, as the limited role of the state toward the minimum income guarantee for the RMI beneficiary and the intervention the logic of status instead of the logic of need, etc..

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.1-31
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• 1999

In Korea, little is known about unemployment duration and exit rate from unemployment. This paper empirically examines the duration of unemployment using data for the years 1996 and 1997 on unemployed individuals who are eligible for unemployment insurance benefits in Korea. A parametric survival model (log-normal model) is adopted to identify factors predicting transitions to reemployment. Factors that affect unemployment duration are sex, age, employment duration (year), prior salary, region, prior employment industry, cause of unemployment, officially determined unemployment benefit duration, degree of benefit exhaustion, and amount of benefits for early reemployment. However, education is not statistically significant In degree of benefit exhaustion, the exit rate from unemployment decreases as benefit exhaustion is approached. In amount of benefits for early reemployment, the exit rate from unemployment increases as amount of benefits increases. Hazards for reemployment gradually increase until 80 days after unemployment and gradually decrease in the following period. Thus, we find that distribution of hazards for reemployment has log-normal shapes between inverted U and inverted L This paper takes advantage of a unique analysis about unemployment duration and exit rate from unemployment in the Korean Unemployment Insurance system which functions as the most valuable social safely-net mechanism in the recent national economic crisis. Indeed, this paper provides a basic knowledge about realities of unemployed individuals in the Unemployment Insurance system and identifies research areas that require further study.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.119-141
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• 1999

Korea paid attention to the work injury insurance in the early economic development stage as other developed countries did. Thus "The industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Law" was legislated in 1963 and it is now expanded to apply to the workplace with five or more employees. Beside the low coverage of the number of employees, the scope of benefits are the problem of work injury insurance. The work injury insurance's main benefits are for the loss of income and the medical cost caused by occupational accidents. On the other hand, the investment on the prevention accident and the medical, social and employment rehabilitation is very low, even though the occupational accident pension is higher than that in other OECD countries. Practically lay-off benefits and survivor' benefit for some special workers are paid more than they need, therefore they want to remain under the benefit condition and the medical care days are longer. This paper indicates the problems of work injury insurance and suggest how to improve the functions of it.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.3-36
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• 2022

In order to solve the pharmaceutical kickback problem, it is needed to establish legal system that allow ways to enable pharmaceutical promotion of medicines without kickbacks as well as provide sanction those who commit illegal act. Before the National Assembly and the government focused on strengthening sanctions. As a result, in 2014, a system of suspending medical care benefits was introduced, which could inflict heavy losses on pharmaceutical companies by withdrawing target medicines from the market. However, three years after the introduction, the system was abolished in 2018, recognizing the problem that the disposition could infringe on the patients' right to access to and choice of medicines. In 2021, the National Assembly made it possible for dispositions suspending medical care benefits regarding the third violation, which remained symbolic until then, replaced with administrative fines. Although the legislator's reflective stance on the system is more than clear, the Ministry of Health and Welfare still interprets that the old law should be applied to kickbacks for the period of the law. Moreover, regarding the substitution of fines at the discretion of the Minister of Health and Welfare under the old law, the narrow standards taken under the old law seems to be maintained. In this paper, firstly pharmaceutical kickback issue, the main reason for the introduction of the system, will be explained, after that the history of introduction and abolition of the system examined and last but not least the unconstitutionality of the system and the illegality of the disposition are to be examined.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.483-493
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• 2018

Through the improvement of the Labor Relations Act, the Social Insurance Act, and the Artists Welfare Act for occupational status and rights of artists, the character of workers, joining exception in the Employment Insurance Act, and applying exception in the National Health Insurance Act and the National Pensions Act should be recognized. For this, the scope of workers should be expanded through the interpretation of the court and legislation of the Labor Relations Act, and supporting range of social insurance should be expanded by applying exception in the National Health Insurance Act and joining exception in the Employment Insurance Act for artists who are currently excluded. Artists' compensation insurance that is an optional entry system and paid entirely by artists need to have effectiveness of the system through insurance support. The Artists Welfare Act also needs to be revised to strengthen legal protection for artists and it is important to secure finances for artists' welfare projects. The standard contract should be mandatory and a career certification system for artists should be established so that artists who need welfare benefits can not be omitted.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.115-147
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• 2003

This paper scrutinizes the robustness of the profit-sharing findings first employing an original panel data on the Employee Welfare Fund over the period from 1992 to 2000. In examining the effects of profit-sharing schemes on labor productivity, it controls for simultaneity among profit-sharing, production factors, and productivity using both the two-stage least squares procedure and the lagged variable method. The empirical results show that an increase in firm's contribution to the Employee Welfare Fund is associated with capital-embodied and disembodied productivity enhancement, which is both statistically and economically highly significant. The empirical results are in contrast with predictions of both agency and transaction cost theories, and they imply that more tax benefits and financial incentives for expansion of the Employee Welfare Fund should be required to get productivity gains.