• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.301-311
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• 2015

Objectives: Operators of overhead traveling crane in a ship assembly factory perform work to transmit large vessel blocks to an appropriate working process. Hazardous matters such as metal dusts, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone, loud noise and fine particles are generated by variable working activities in the factory. The operators could be exposed to the hazardous matters during the work. In particular, welding fumes comprised of ultra fine particles and heavy metals is extremely hazardous for humans when exposing a pulmonary through respiratory pathway. Occupational lung diseases related to welding fumes are increasingly on an upward tendency. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess properly unknown occupational exposure to the welding fumes among the operators. Methods: This study intended to clearly determine an equivalence check whether or not chemical constituents and composition of the dusts, which existed in the driver's cab, matched up with generally known welding fumes. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics program(CFD) was used to identify a ventilation assessment in respect of a contamination distribution of welding fumes in the air. The operators were investigated to assess personal exposure levels of welding fumes and respirable particulate. Results: The dust in an operation room were the same constituents and composition as welding fumes. Welding fumes, which caused by the welding in a floor of the factory, arose with an ascending air current up to a roof and then stayed for a long time. They were considered to be exposed to the welding fumes in the operation room. The personal exposure levels of welding fumes and respirable particulate were 0.159(n=8, range=0.073-0.410) $mg/m^3$ and 0.138(n=8, range=0.087-0.178) $mg/m^3$, respectively. They were lower than a threshold limit value level($5mg/m^3$) of welding fumes. Conclusions: These findings indicate that an occupational exposure to welding fumes can exist among the operators. Consequently, we need to be keeping the operators under a constant assessment in the operator process of overhead traveling crane.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2012

가압경수로의 많은 관통관 중에서 니켈 기저 합금인 Inconel alloy 600 계열의 이종금속용접부는 일차수응력부식균열에 민감하며, 이를 평가하기 위하여 용접부에 작용하는 잔류응력분포를 정확히 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 유한요소해석을 이용하여 노즐 맞대기 이종금속용접부에 작용하는 일반적인 잔류응력분포를 예측하였다. 이를 위해 노즐 맞대기 이종금속용접부의 형상을 단순화하여 특정한 형상 변수에 따른 용접부 잔류응력분포를 확인하였으며, 이를 토대로 기존 문헌에 제시된 오스테나이트계 배관 맞대기 용접부 잔류응력 분포식을 수정하여 가압경수로 노즐 맞대기 이종금속용접부에 작용하는 일반적인 잔류응력분포 예측식을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2003

In this study, the formation mechanism of discontinuities in the laser fusion zone of diamond saw blade was investigated. $CO_2$ laser weldings were conducted along the butt between Fe base sintered tip and carbon steel shank with sets of variable welding parameters. The effect of heat input on irregular humps, outer cavity, inner cavity and bond strengh was evaluated. The optimum heat input to have a proper humps was in the range of 10.4~$17.6kJm_{-1}$. With increasing heat input, both outer and inner cavities were reduced. The outer cavity was caused by insufficient refill of keyhole, while inner cavity was caused by trapping of bubble in molten metal. The bubble came from sintered tip and intensive vaporization at bottom tip of the keyhole. A gas formation and low melting point element vaporization were not occurred during welding. We could not find any relationship between bond strength and amount of discontinuities. Because the fracture were occurred in not only sintered tip but also carbon steel shank due to hardness distributions.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2008

This research is tendencious to manufacture solid piston-rod of shock absorber as hollow piston-rod using friction welding. The SM45C has been welded to the SM45C-pipe in order to investigate the effect of upset pressure on friction weldability. The friction time and upset pressure was variable conditions under the conditions of spindle revolution of 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 55MPa, and upset time of 2.0seconds. Under these conditions, the microstructure of weld interface, tensile fracture surface and mechanical tests were studied of friction weld, and so the results were as follows. When the upset pressure is sufficient, gets the high tensile strength. The optimal welding conditions were n=2,000rpm, $P_1$=55MPa, $P_2$=95MPa, $t_1$=1.5sec, $t_2$=2.0sec when the total upset length is 4.5mm.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.158-161
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• 2005

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.758-759
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• 2012

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1991

The most fatigue tests carried out under the either stress or strain control, but machines and structures had taken variable stress. This variable stress was treated as statistics based on p-type distributions. In this paper, the cumulative fatigue damage of SM45C round bar specimens having a center hole resulting from block loading with p-distributions in rotating bending conditions, is presented. The value of p was changed in the range from 0.25 to 1; 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1. The following conclusions were obtained through the constant stress amplitude experiments and the block loading experiments. (1) In constant loading test, fatigue life was affected by cyclic rate. From experimental data, N$_{f}$ (100cpm)/N$_{f}$(3000cpm)equal to 0.56. (2) In case of the cyclic rate 100cpm and 3000cpm, at the high stress amplitude level the crack propagation life N$_{*}$f is longer than the low stress amplitude level. (3) Miner's hypothesis may be valid for p=0.75 and prediction of fatigue life by Haibach's method agree with experimental data well for the case p=0.5, while the modified Miner's method agree with experimental data well for the case p=0.25.5.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

A probabilistic approach for evaluating failure risk is suggested in this paper. Probabilistic fracture analyses were performed for a pressurized pipe of a Cr-Mo steel reflecting variation of material properties at high temperature. A crack was assumed to be located along the weld fusion line. Probability density functions of major variables were determined by statistical analyses of material creep and creep crack growth data measured by the previous experimental studies by authors. Distributions of these variables were implemented in Monte Carlo simulation of this study. As a fracture parameter for characterizing growth of a fusion line crack between two materials with different creep properties, $C_t$ normalized with $C^*$ was employed. And the elapsed time was also normalized with tT, Resultingly, failure probability as a function of operating time was evaluated fur various cases. Conventional deterministic life assessment result was turned out to be conservative compared with that of probabilistic result. Sensitivity analysis for each input variable was conducted to understand the most influencing variable to the analysis results. Internal pressure, creep crack growth coefficient and creep coefficient were more sensitive to failure probability than other variables.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.711-722
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• 2008

기존 콘크리트충전 각형강관(CFT) 구조에 사용하는 각형강관은 4개의 판을 용접하여 제작하는 박스칼럼이 일반적이다. 그러나 이러한 강관은 제작효율이 저하되며, 또한 기둥-보 접합부에는 내측 다이아프램과 관통 다이아프램을 용접하는데 특수한 용접기술이 필요하다. 따라서, 얇은 강판을 절곡하는 방식으로 응력집중 위치의 용접을 피하고, 단면효율이 극대화된 내부앵커 돌출형의 각형강관을 개발하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 이 개발된 강관의 기둥-보 접합부로 외다이아프램형식을 채택하고. 보 플랜지의 응력 전달을 명확히 하기 위한 기둥-보 접합부 상세를 확 정하고자 이 접합부에 대한 단순인장 실험체를 제작하여 성능평가 실험을 수행하였다. 이 실험을 통해 콘크리트충전 기둥-보 접합부의 기둥-보 플랜지 용접 유무, 기둥-다이아프램 용접량, 콘크리트 충전유무, 다이아프램 설치 기둥과 일반기둥의 비교 등에 따른 인장영역 응력분포 및 내력평가를 진행하고 내부 앵커와 콘크리트 사이의 합성효과를 파악하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

Various research to reduce weight of a car is achieving. This research is tendencious to manufacture solid piston rod of shock absorber as hollow piston rod using friction welding. This study deals with the friction welding of SM45C to SM45C-Pipe that is used in car shock absorber, The friction time was variable conditions under the conditions of spindle revolution of 2,000rpm, friction pressure of 55MPa, upset pressure of 75MPa, and upset time of 2.0seconds. Under these conditions, the microstructure of weld interface, tensile fracture surface and mechanical tests were studied of friction weld, and so the results were as follows. 1. In tensile strength, the hole processing is better than non-hole processing. 2. When the friction time was 1.5seconds under the conditions, the maximum tensile strength of the friction weld happened to be 869MPa, which is 103% of SM45C's tensile strength and 91% of SM45C's Pipe. 3. When the friction time was 2.0seconds under the conditions, the maximum bending strength of the friction weld happened to be 1599MPa, which is 80% of SM45C's bending strength and 118% of SM45C's Pipe.