• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Irradiation behavior of the reactor pressure vessel SA508 class 3 steel weld metals was examined by Charpy V Notch impact specimens. The specimens were exposed to a fluence of $2.8{\times}1019$ neutrons(n)/$cm^2$(E>1 MeV) at $288^{\circ}C$. The irradiation damage of weld metal was evaluated by comparison between unirradiated and irradiated specimens in terms of absorbed energy and lateral expansion. The specimens for neutron irradiation were welded by submerged arc welding process at a heat input of 3.2 kJ/mm which showed good toughness in terms of weld microstructure, absorbed energy and lateral expansion. The post-irradiation Charpy V notch 41J and 68J transition temperature elevation were $65^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. This elevation was accompanied by a 20% reduction in Charpy V notch upper shelf energy level. The lateral expansion at 0.9mm irradiated Charpy specimens showed temperature elevation of $65^{\circ}C$ and was greatly decreased due to radiation damage.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 일정한 회전 속도에서 용접 속도를 제어하여 AZ61 마그네슘 합금에 적합한 입열량 조건을 도출하였다. 또한 산업적 측면에서는 더 빠른 용접 속도가 요구되기 때문에 용접 속도에 따른 효과를 연구하였다. 회전 속도 변수는 800rpm으로 일정하게 적용하였고, 용접 속도는 100 - 500mm/min 으로 변화시켜 용접부의 거동을 관찰 및 평가하였다. 기계적 물성 평가를 위하여 인장 및 경도 시험을 수행하였으며, 미세구조 관찰과 용접부의 건정성을 판단하기 위하여 광학현미경을 사용하였다. 용접 속도가 400mm/min 이상 적용되었을 때 용접부 내부에서 결함이 관찰되었다. 용접 속도가 증가할수록 교반부의 결정립 크기는 작아졌으며, 경도 또한 비례 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 회전속도 800rpm, 용접 속도 200mm/min과 300mm/min 일 때, 용접부 내 외부 적으로 결함이 없었으며, 우수한 기계적 물성이 기록되었다. 이때, 접합 효율은 각각 100.5%, 101.2%이었고, 최대인장강도가 모재의 강도와 유사하였다. 인장 시편의 파괴는 시편의 전진측과 교반부 사이에서 발생하였으며, 이는 횡단면부 경도 분포에서 경도가 일시적으로 감소하는 위치와 일치하였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 선박 및 해양 구조물을 구성하는 용접 판구조물의 변형 및 잔류응력 등 용접 초기 결함을 효율적으로 평가할 수 있는 열탄소성 해석방법을 정립하였다. 또한 평판의 선상가열공법(line heating process)을 열탄소성 시뮬레이션함으로써 작업의 고능률화 및 자동화를 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 판구조물에 대한 열전도 해석을 수행하기 위하여 해석적인 방법과 수치적인 방법을 병행하였다. 판구조물의 열탄소성 해석방법에 있어서는 초기변형도법에 근거한 유한요소법을 사용하였으며, 증분 구간중 소성 구역에서는 응력 증분 및 항복응력 중분의 2 차항까지 고려해서 시간 증분을 최적 제어함으로써 해석 불능에 빠지는 문제를 극복하였다. 특히 응력 중분에 탄성계수의 온도에 따른 증분을 2 차항까지 포함시켰다. 평판의 두께와 입열량을 변화시키면서 일련의 용접 열탄소성 실험을 수행하였는 바, 온도 및 용접 변형을 계측하여 수치 계산 결과와 비교하여 상호 부합성이 양호함을 확인하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2011

The spot weldability of dissimilar metal joints between austenitic stainless steels (STS316)/IF steels and ferritic stainless steels (STS430)/IF steels was investigated. This study was aimed to determine the spot welding parameters for a dissimilar metal joint and to evaluate the dissimilar metal joint's weldability, including its welding nugget shape, tensile-shear strength, hardness, and microstructure. The comparison of these results was described in terms of fracture behavior. Compared with the weld lobe of similar metal joints, dissimilar metal joints (STS430/IF) had reduced weld current range. However, the weld lobe of STS316/IF steel joint showed increased weld current range. This is because the dilution of chemical composition in the molten weld pool suppressed the heat input being caused by Joule heat with current flow through the samples. The microstructure of the fusion zone was fully martensite and mixture of ferrite and martensite for austenitic stainless steel/IF steel and ferritic stainless steel/IF steel combination, respectively. The experimental results showed that the shape of nugget was asymmetric, in which the fusion zone of the austenitic and ferritic stainless steel sheet was larger due to the higher bulk-resistance. The predicted microstructure by using the Schaeffler diagram was well matched with experimental results. After peel test, the fracture was initiated from heat affected zone of ferritic stainless steel sheet side, however the final fracture was propagated into the IF steel sheet side due to its lower strength.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2009년 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2009

This paper has been performed in order to figure out the reason of failure in T23 weldments used for boiler tube at 550 $^{\circ}C$. Defects such as cracks and cavities occurred in CGHAZ (coarse grain heat-affected-zone) and multi pass of weld metal, and these crack propagated along grain boundary. Microstructure evolution such as grain growth and carbide precipitation was investigated by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope(TEM). Moreover, Auger electron spectroscope (AES) was employed in order to examine segregation along the grain boundaries. There is significant difference in grain size and precipitation distribution in the region where cracking took place. In addition, sulfur segregation was observed. Based on the results of this investigation, it has been possible to establish that this type of cracks were consistent with reheat cracking and creep damage. Selection of optimal filler metal, heat input, and PWHT temperature is required for prevention in order to avoid this type of cracking.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2000년도 특별강연 및 추계학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

A methodology is developed and many used to evaluate the response sensitivity of the thermal systems to variations in their design parameters. Technique for computing the sensitivity of temperature distributions to changes in processing parameters needed for deciding the more effective laser input parameters for laser surface hardening treatment are considered. In this study, a state equation governing the heat flow in laser surface treatment is analyzed using a three-dimensional finite element method and sensitivity data of the processing parameter obtained using a direct differentiation method applied for sensitivity analysis. The interesting processing parameter is taken as the laser scan velocity and characteristic beam radius( $r_{b}$) of the sensitivity of the temperature T versus v and $r_{b}$ is analyzed. And these sensitivity results obtained in another parameters are fixed condition. To verifying the numerical analysis results, hardened layer dimensions (width and depth) of the numerical analysis compared with the results of an experimental data.ata.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.25-26
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• 2005

This study suggested the occurrence source of weld-defects and its solution methods in a welding of Electrolyte injection hole by pulsed Nd:YAG laser. In experiment, the ramp down was used in order that solidification crack was removed. Furthermore, shrinkage stress and heat input were reduced by changing of weld trajectory and defocused distance. As a results of a experiment, a sound weld bead shape and crack-free weld bead can be obtained.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표대회 개요집
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• pp.152-153
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• 2004

A pressure reversal is where ERW pipes fail at an applied pressure lower than one experienced previously. The susceptibility to pressure reversals of ERW joints has been investigated by varying heat input in the range of 230-268㎾ power and seam annealing temperature of 850-970$^{\circ}C$. The application of repeated loading to notched three point bend specimens was used in this study. There was no occurrence of reversals in all the condition investigated. Furthermore, the bond line ductility is found to be satisfactory. These results can be explained by the fact that a bond line free from defects is successfully obtained from a wide range of ERW conditions.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2010년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.624-627
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• 2010

최근 자동차 업계서는 차량의 온실가스 배출량을 줄이고 연비를 개선시킬 수 있는 방법 중의 하나로 경량화 소재를 사용하여 차체의 중량을 줄이는 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 특히 알루미늄 합금의 경우 기존 강재에 비해 비중이 낮아 가볍고 부식에 대한 저항성이 높아 많이 사용되어지고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 먼저, 저입열 용접공정을 적용하여 용접 변수와 토치의 각도에 따른 인장강도 특성을 비교하여 적정 용접 범위를 산정하였으며, 인장강도와 비드형상의 관계를 다중 회귀 분석을 이용하여 비드 예측 회귀 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 호감도 함수를 적용한 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 자동차 생산 현장에서 겹치기 용접 이음부의 강건한 용접 품질을 가질 수 있는 최적용접 공정 조건을 도출할 수 있는 효과적인 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1998

In this paper, the fracture toughness evaluation of the various microstructures such as HAZ, F.L and W.M in weldment of TMCP steel which has the softening zone owing to high heat input welding was carried out by using of the small punch(SP) test. In addition, the fracture toughness with the specimen orientation of rolled TMCP steel was investigated by means of SP test and the crack opening displacement (COD) test and then was compared with that of conventional SM50YB steel. From the results of SP test for TMCP steel, it could be seen that the SP energy transition curves of three different orientation were shifted to higher temperature side in order of S, T and L. But the {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} of each orientation specimen did not show a lot of differences and were quite lower than those of conventional SM50YB steel. The mechanical properties of HAZ structure in weldment of TMCP steel such as hardness, SP energy at room temperature and -196$^{\circ}C$ and the upper shelf energy of SP energy transition curve were lower than those of base metal due to softening. The {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} of each microstructure in weldment of TMCP steel increased in order of HAZ, F.L and W.M against base metal, but all microstructures showed a quite lower {TEX}$DBTT_{SP}${/TEX} than those of SM50YB steel.