• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

The diesel engine of the merchant ship has been aperated in severe environments more and more, because the temperature of the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is getting higher and higher with increasing use of heavy oil of law quality, due to the significant increase in the price of oil in recent some years. As a result, the degree of wear and corrosion between exhaust valve and seat ring is more serious compared to other engine parts. Thus the repair welding of exhaust valve and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve, from an economical point of view. In this study, the corrosion property of both weld metal and base metal was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, and polarization resistance in 5% H2SO4 solution. The test specimen was a part of an exhaust valve stem being welded as the base metal, using various welding methods. In all cases, the corrosion resistance as well as hardness of the weld metal zone was superior to the base metal. In particular, plasma welding showed relatively good properties for both corrosion resistance and hardness, compared to other welding methods. In the case of DC SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding), corrosion resistance of the weld metal zone was better than that of the base metal, although its hardness was almost same as the base metal.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2007

용접에 의해서 발생하는 변형은 강구조물의 치수를 변화시킬 뿐 아니라 역학적 강도를 저하시켜 강구조물의 제작공정과 공용중 심각한 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 특히 토목 강구조물의 경우 제작 및 조립공정에서 용접프로세스에 의해 불가피하게 발생하는 용접변형에 의한 설계치수의 변화를 검토하기 위해 넓은 장소에서 부분 또는 전체가 조립공정을 실시해야 한다. 이러한 가조립된 구조물은 현장에 설치되기 위해 해체하여 운반되어 현장에서 재조립하여 가설된다. 또한 높은 곳에서 작업해야 하므로 안전사고의 우려와 함께 크레인, 족장과 같은 부대장비를 사용해야 하므로 비경제적이다. 따라서 대형 강구조물의 제작시 발생하는 용접변형에 의한 부재오차를 검증하기 위한 가조립 공정을 생략하기 위해 용접변형 예측기법의 개발이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 대형 강구조물의 용접변형 예측기법인 등가하중법을 이용한 용접부 수치모델링을 정립하고 이를 이용해 용접순서와 자중이 용접변형에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

In recent years, a demand for precision-welding is increasing in wide industrial fields for getting a high quality welded structures. Although laser welding is commonly used for precision-welding, gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding is also attempted as a precision-welding due to the cost benefit. However, welding heat causes an uneven temperature distribution leading to welding deformation. Since it causes geometric errors and degrades product quality, welding distortion recently rises as an important issue in the field of automobile parts. To control welding deformation, it is needed to design in shapes that can maximize stiffness against deformation during welding; control the welding sequence; minimize heat input; and weld allowing reverse deformation; etc. Thus it is necessary to find the one, among such approaches, that can minimize the deformation range by mathematical analysis and understand how effective it would be when it is actually used in industrial fields. This study performs analyses by numerical calculations and experiments for the De-Tent Lever, one of transmission part that requires precision the most among automobile parts, as the subject of experiment. Decrease in welding deformation is required for this part, since there is currently a trouble in guaranteeing precision due to angular deformation by welding between boss and plate. Finally the ways to minimize welding deformation has been suggested in this study through analyses on it.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to produce a mechanically improved weld and minimum variation of color through comparing unpulsed and pulsed GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) for pure titanium (CP grade7) tube. Pulsed GTAW using 60 A peak current and 20 A background current (1:9) achieved the wider window of welding conditions having part and full penetration without burn-through than the case of unpulsed GTAW. Moreover, the pulsed welding reduced a discoloration on the back bead of the weld and the size of microstructures (basket weave and serrated ${\alpha}$). That is because the pulsed welding has it's a low heat input and severe weld flow induced from electric current variation. Furthermore, the pulsed welding improved the bending property of the welded Ti tube. The enhanced bending property for the pulsed GTAW was due to the insignificant discoloration on the weld surface with maintaining the metal polish.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.470-483
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate further the mechanics of failure of magnets used for denture retention. Dyna magnets were retrived from denture that had failed after 34 months of clinical use. The magnets were observed and sectioned in order to analyse with high resolution scanning electron microscope. From this study, corrosion behaviors of used magnetic attachment were analysed. The results were as follows ; 1. In Nd-Fe-B based magnetic materials, the erosion-corrosion was started at ununiformed part of stainless steel cover. 2. Corrosion was initiated at weared stainless steel surface and then magnetic materials were spalled by corrosive solution. 3. Spatting was occurred in Nd-Fe-B magnet materials due to corrosion products and then corrosion rate was increased drastically. 4. Corrosion started from ununiformed stainless steel surface as well as welded zone. In conclusion, the failure of magnets may occur by either breakdown of the welding or breakdown of the encapsulating material. So, it is considered that the corrosion problem of dental magnetic materials could be solved to some extent with surface treatment of dental magnetic materials.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2007

청송 무포산응회암은 경상분지 북동부 화산암류에서 하나의 냉각단위로 구별되는 층서단위이다. 이 응회암은 그 입도에 의하면 대부분 응회암에 속하고 구성원에 의하면 파리질 응회암에 속한다. 대부분 부석과 샤드가 일정하게 배열되고 심하게 편평화되어 용결엽리를 발달시키며 여러 가지 흐름지시자를 보여준다. 무포산응회암에서 부석 정향배열에 의한 유상선구조로부터 이동 패턴, 암편과 부석의 와상배열, 용결엽리의 비대칭 유상습곡 등의 흐름 지시자, 암편과 부석의 최대입경의 측방점이, 그리고 구성원 함량의 측방점이에 의하면 이 응회암을 집적시킨 화쇄류는 남동부에서 공급되었던 것으로 해석된다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2009

The cowl cross bar of an automobile is a frame component that is installed inside the cockpit module to provide a guide surface, to which functional components for electricity and air condition are attached. In the recent years, the geometries of cowl cross bars are getting more complex in order to meet the demands of a wide variety of embedded functional components and the reduced weight of frame parts with enhanced mechanical and noise/vibration characteristics. There for, welding processes between tubes with different diameters are widely conducted while the welded parts are experiencing various problems such as undermined appearance, low production efficiency and poor mechanical characteristics. Therefore, this paper seeks to develop an one-piece forming process which eliminate welding process for the cowl cross bar by applying the tube drawing process. However, it was predicted that a conventional tube drawing can not be applied directly to the current part since the area reduction ratio of the drawing process reaches 51.7% which exceeds the general limiting value. Therefore, in this study, a combined drawing process which adds a compressive force to a tensile force of the conventional drawing process was proposed and 2-stage drawing process was designed by using CAE analyses. In addition, drawing tryouts were carried out by using the manufactured combined drawing machine in order to verify the designed process.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1377-1383
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• 2005

A general and efficient methodology has been developed to analyze dimensional variations of an assembly, taking into account of weld distortion. Weld distortion is generally probabilistic because of the random nature of welding parameters such as the welding speed, maximum welding temperature, ambient temperature, etc. The methodology is illustrated through a very simple example of two perpendicular plates fillet-welded to each other. Two steps comprise the methodology: establishment of a weld-distortion database, and tolerance analysis using the database. To establish the database, thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analyses are conducted to compute the weld distortion for all combinations of discrete values of major welding parameters. In the second step of tolerance analysis, the weld distortion retrieved from the database is used in addition to the dimensional tolerances of the parts. As a result of such an analysis, sensitivities of the assembly's dimensional variations to the part tolerances and weld distortion are obtained, which can be help improve the dimensional quality of the assembly.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2016

The Nd:YAG laser welding process is one of the most advanced manufacturing technologies owing to its high speed and penetration, and has increased the automation and flexibility of an entire industry. Laser welding of dissimilar metals has been widely used to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of industrial parts. The objective of this research is to investigate the influence of process parameters on the welding of SM45C and STS304 with CW Nd:YAG lasers. Bead-on-plate welding tests were carried out for several combinations of the experimental conditions. In order to quantitatively examine the characteristics of the dissimilar welding, the welding quality of the cut section, strain-stress behavior, and hardness of the welded part were investigated.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2016

An EMAT can be used to reliably detect defects as it serves as a non-contact transducer with the ability to transmit ultrasonic waves into specimens without couplant. Moreover, an EMAT can easily generate desired waves by altering the design of the coil and magnet. This study proposes an SH-EMAT to evaluate the integrity of the TIG welding part. A stainless steel was welded using the TIG welding method. The welding current was varied to create artificial defects. Both the PA-UT and the RT were applied to verify the defect size. The experimental results generated by using the EMAT were compared with those methods. The amplitude was observed to decrease with an increase in the defect size. These results confirmed that the presence of defects can be reliably detected by attenuation of signal amplitude. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is suitable for evaluating the integrity of TIG welding.