• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2006

In case of carrying out vortical crossing water distribution system in expressways or general roads construction, VR(Vibrated and Rolled reinforced concrete) pipes are restricted because of their specification of reinforced spun concrete pipe or on-site made pipe. Therefore, in order to apply VR pipes to those constructions, through the structural behavior experiments of the pipes, VR pipes are compared and verified with reinforced spun concrete pipe and the results are obtained as the following. From the experiments and analyses of Pipe Stiffness(PS) of the pipes, cracking loading is approved to satisfy the KS regulations. Through a direct load test, the cracking loading strength and the maximum load test of VR pipe is larger compared with reinforced spun concrete pipe. Particularly, even if side weld is thin, there is no little change in the cracking strength of VR pipe. The results of the direct load test analysis show that the structural behavior of VR pipe is equivalent or higher compared with reinforced spun concrete pipe in performance and VR pipe could be used as the water distribution pipe for roads. In this study, through pipe stiffness, direct load test and load teat on earth, reinforced spun concrete pipe and VR pipe are compared. And as a result, the structural behavior of VR pipe is comprehensively excellent. From the structural behavior tests, VR pipe's section shows more thickness and has uniform characteristics so that VR pipe is considered more favorable than reinforced spun concrete pipe.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2004

최근에 수행된 보 플랜지 절취형 (Reduced Beam Section, RBS) 내진 철골모멘트접합부의 실험 결과에 의하면, 보 웨브를 볼트 접합한 시험체는 보 웨브를 용접 접합한 시험체에 비해서 조기에 스캘럽을 가로지르는 취성파단이 발생하는 열등한 내진성능을 보였다. 실험결과에 의할 때, 이러한 접합부 취성파괴가 발생하는 주요 원인은 웨브 볼트의 슬립과 고전 휨이론에 의한 예측과는 전혀 다른 응력 전달메카니즘에 의한 스캘럽 부근의 응력집중 때문으로 사료된다. 이는 고전 휨이론에 기초한 전통적 보 웨브 볼트접합부의 설계법을 재검토할 필요가 있음을 시사하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 고전 휨이론에 기초한 현행의 보 웨브 설계법에 문제가 있음을 지적하였다. 실험 및 해석결과를 바탕으로 RBS 접합부의 실제 응력전달경로에 부합되는 새로운 보 웨브 볼트접합 설계법을 제안하였다.

• Composites Research
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2016

고분자 재료로 된 자동차부품들은 주로 사출성형으로 제작되며, 이 과정에서 뒤틀림, 침전 흔적, 용입선, 수축, 잔류응력 등의 결함이 발생한다. 본 연구를 통해서 이들 결함을 제거할 수 있는 차량용 폴리카보네이트 버튼의 사출성형 공정변수를 실험계획법을 이용하여 최적화 하였다. 공정변수로는 충전압력, 금형온도, 용융온도, 충전시간을 고려했으며 FEM, 다구치법, ANOVA를 사용하여 해석하고 최적화 하였다. 최적화 결과, 충전압력은 140 MPa, 금형온도는 $105^{\circ}C$, 용융온도는 $292.5^{\circ}C$, 충전시간은 1초, 등의 공정변수 값을 얻었으며, 10.2의 S/N 비를 얻었다. 수지의 용융온도가 가장 큰 영향을 미치며, 그 다음으로 금형의 온도였다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2013

Several fatigue damages have recently been reported which cannot be resolved in the context of the existing fatigue design procedure, and they are suspected to be the cracks induced by the low cycle fatigue mechanism. To tackle the problem, a series of material tests together with fatigue tests have been carried out, and elasto-plastic notch strain analysis using nonlinear kinematic hardening model has been performed. The cyclic stress-strain curves are obtained and the nonlinear kinematic hardening model was calibrated based on the obtained material data. Also, the fatigue test with non-load-carrying cruciform fillet welded joint has been performed in low cycle fatigue regime. Then, the notch strain analyses have been carried out to find the precise elasto-plastic behavior of the material at the notch root of the cruciform joint. The variation of the material property from the base metal via HAZ up to the weld metal was taken into account using spatial variation of the material property. Then the detail elasto-plastic behavior of the welded joint subjected to the repeated cyclic loading has been investigated further through the comparison with the prediction with Neuber's rule. The calibration of the nonlinear kinematic hardening model and nonlinear notch strain analyses have been performed using the commercial FE program ABAQUS.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1975

This paper investigates the distribution of stress and its behavior at the Root Toe in fillet welding joint. Furthermore, the stress components and principal stresses in the fillet welds are calculated by the finite element method. The distribution of stresses obtained numerically by means of the finite element method is also compared with the experimental results of two dimensional photoelasticity. A Cover plate type and Center block type of fillet welds are used as models for the numerical calculations covering the variations of 2 W/M(thickness of main plate/thickness of cover plate)=1 through 2W/M=4. The results obtained in these studies are summarized as follows; 1) When W2/M values become small, the stress concentration factors of the Root are larger than of the Toe in a C-type. Its critical value is 2W/M=3.00. However, no critical value exists in a T-type. 2) For 2W/M Values being avove 3.5 in a C-type and above 4.0 in a T-type, $K_R$ and $K_{\tau}$ become 1. 3) According to the differences of 2W/M values, the differences in stress become increasing in the Root but become decreasing in the Toe. These differences, however, disappear as the free boundary surface is approached. 4) The stress concentration factors of both the Root and Toe obtained by means of the finite element method have somewhat lower values than obtained by the photoelasiticity. But their principal stress directions coincide in either method. 5) It proves beneficial to employ the finite element method for two-dimensional plane stress analysis in front fillet welding joint.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.821-830
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• 2010

Deck plates and hatch coming of large container carrier and offshore structures are joined by ultra-thick plates whose thickness is more than 60mm. Traditionally FCAW has been used to join the thick plates in butt joint. However, FCAW has been replaced with EGW since the welding efficiency of EGW is higher than that of FCAW. Tandem EGW using two electrodes has been applied to vertical position welding by several shipyards. EGW requires one or two layers of bead whereas FCAW requires more than 20 layers of weld bead in thick welding. However, high welding residual stresses are generated by EGW since it uses higher heat input than FCAW. In the present study, a finite element model is suggested to predict the residual stresses induced by the tandem EGW. Butt specimen of EH40 TMCP shipbuilding steel plates vertical welding was modeled by a three-dimensional model. Residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction method and to verify the numerical result. The results show a good agreement with experimental result.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2012

It is well known that a considerable amount of scatter is shown in experimental results relating to fatigue crack growth even under identical and constant amplitude cyclic loading conditions. Moreover, flux cored arc welding (FCAW) is a common method used to join thick plates such as the structural members of large scale offshore structures and very large container ships. The objective of this study was to investigate the macro- and microscopic observations of the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of the FCAWed API 2W Gr. 50 steel joints typically applied for offshore structures. In order to clearly understand the randomness of the fatigue crack growth behavior in the materials of three different zones, the weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM), experimental fatigue crack growth tests for each of five specimens were performed on ASTM standard compact tension (CT) specimens under constant amplitude cyclic loading. Special focus was placed on the fatigued fracture surfaces. As a result, a different behavior was observed at the macro-level, depending on the type of material property: BM, HAZ, or WM. The variability in the fatigue crack growth rate for WM was higher than that of BM and HAZ.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1055-1060
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• 2016

레이저 용접은 고밀도 용접법 중에 하나로 기존 용접방법에 비해 적은 입열로 깊은 용입과 빠른 용접속도를 얻을 수 있다. 연속 출력 파형 레이저 용접 시 입열량은 레이저 출력 및 용접속도에 의해 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 파이버 레이저를 사용하여 두께 0.5 mm의 순 티타늄 박판에 비드 및 겹치기 용접을 실시하였으며 레이저 출력 및 용접속도에 따른 용접성을 평가하였다. 레이저 출력 및 용접속도에 따른 용입깊이, 비드폭, 접합길이, 비드형상을 관찰하고 인장전단시험을 통해 기계적인 특성을 파악하였다. 실험결과, 겹치기 용접은 $P_L=0.5kW$, ${\nu}=2.5m/min$과 $P_L=1.5kW$, ${\nu}=6m/min$ 조건에서 양호한 접합길이를 가진 용접부를 얻을 수 있었으며, 용접부는 고출력보다 저출력 조건일 때 더 우수한 연성을 나타냈다.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

제품을 개발하는데 있어서 경량화와 원가절감이라는 두가지 요소는 가장 중요한 화두이다. 특히 대형 LCD 로봇은 최대 $3{\times}3m$ 이상의 글라스를 7m 높이까지 상하, 전후로의 직선운동과 선회축을 중심으로한 회전운동을 하면서 작업공정간 이송을 가능케 하는 대형 구조물이다. 따라서 지나치게 무거울 경우에는 클린룸내 설치에 문제가 있을 수 있고 반송물의 정확한 이송을 위하여는 고강성이 요구되며 대량 생산을 위한 연속작업을 충분히 감당할 수 있는 내구강도를 확보하여야 한다. 따라서 경량화, 고강성, 고강도 제품에 대한 요구는 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 현재 개발되고 있는 11 세대 대형 LCD 승강프레임은 이러한 요구조건을 충족하기 위하여 최적설계 기법을 적용하여 기존 제품 대비 경량화와 고강성 요구조건을 만족하였으며 용접부에 대한 상세 수명평가로 내구강도에 대한 신뢰성을 확보하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

Initial damage to a stud due to corrosion, fatigue, unexpected overloading, a weld defect or other factors could degrade the shear capacity of the stud. Based on typical push-out tests, a FEM model and theoretical formulations were proposed in this study. Six specimens with the same geometric dimensions were tested to investigate the effect of the damage degree and location on the static behavior and shear capacity of stud shear connectors. The test results indicated that a reduction of up to 36.6% and 62.9% of the section area of the shank could result in a dropping rate of 7.9% and 57.2%, respectively, compared to the standard specimen shear capacity. Numerical analysis was performed to simulate the push-out test and validated against test results. A parametrical study was performed to further investigate the damage degree and location on the shear capacity of studs based on the proposed numerical model. It was demonstrated that the shear capacity was not sensitive to the damage degree when the damage section was located at 0.5d, where d is the shank diameter, from the stud root, even if the stud had a significant reduction in area. Finally, a theoretical formula with a reduction factor K was proposed to consider the reduction of the shear capacity due to the presence of initial damage. Calculating K was accomplished in two ways: a linear relationship and a square relationship with the damage degree corresponding to the shear capacity dominated by the section area and the nominal diameter of the damaged stud. This coefficient was applied using Eurocode 4, AASHTO LRFD (2014) and GB50017-2003 (2003) and compared with the test results found in the literature. It was found that the proposed method produced good predictions of the shear capacity of stud shear connectors with initial damage.