• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

Bridge Weigh-in-Motion(BWIM) system calculates a travelling vehicle's weight without interruption of traffic flow by analyzing the signals that are acquired from various sensors installed in the bridge. BWIM system or data accumulated from the BWIM system can be utilized to development of updated live load model for highway bridge design, fatigue load model for estimation of remaining life of bridges, etc. Field test with moving trucks including various load cases should be performed to guarantee successful development of precise BWIM system. In this paper, a numerical simulation technique is adopted as an alternative or supplement to the vehicle traveling test that is indispensible but expensive in time and budget. The constructed numerical model is validated by comparison experimentally measured signal with numerically generated signal. Also vehicles with various dynamic characteristics and travelling conditions are considered in numerical simulation to investigate the variation of bridge responses. Considered parameters in the numerical study are vehicle velocity, natural frequency of the vehicle, height of entry bump, and lateral position of the vehicle. By analyzing the results, it is revealed that the lateral position and natural frequency of the vehicle should be considered to increase precision of developing BWIM system. Since generation of vehicle travelling signal by the numerical simulation technique costs much less than field test, a large number of test parameters can effectively be considered to validate the developed BWIM algorithm. Also, when artificial neural network technique is applied, voluminous data set required for training and testing of the neural network can be prepared by numerical generation. Consequently, proposed numerical simulation technique may contribute to improve precision and performance of BWIM systems.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2018

Background: Deficits of both ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) and dynamic balance are shown in persons with chronic ankle instability and the elderly, with the risk of falls. Objects: This study aims to investigate the relationship between DFROM and dynamic balance in elderly subjects and young adults. Methods: Fifty-nine subjects were divided into three groups: ankle stability young group (SY), ankle instability young group (IY) and ankle stability older group (SO). We recruited three old subjects with ankle instability, but excluded them during a pilot testing due to the safety issue. DFROM was measured by weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) and dynamic balance was measured via star excursion balance test (SEBT) in anteromedial, medial, and posteromedial directions. The group differences in WBLT and SEBT and each group's correlation between WBLT and SEBT were detected using the R statistical software package. Results: The dorsiflexion range of motion was significantly different between the SY, IY, and SO groups. The SO group showed the highest DFROM and IY group showed the lowest DFROM (SY: $45.88{\pm}.66^{\circ}$, IY: $39.53{\pm}1.63^{\circ}$, SO: $47.94{\pm}.50^{\circ}$; p<.001). However, the SO group showed the lowest dynamic balance score for all SEBT directions (SY: $87.24{\pm}2.05cm$, IY: $83.20{\pm}1.30cm$, SO: $77.23{\pm}2.07cm$; p<.05) and there was no relationship between the dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance in any group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ankle DFROM is not a crucial factor for dynamic stability regardless of aging and ankle instability. Other factors such as muscle strength or movement coordination should be considered for training dynamic balance. Therefore, we need to establish the rehabilitation process by measuring and treating ROM, balance, and muscle strength when treating young adults with and without ankle instability as well as elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of body composition, biochemical index level, resting metabolic rate and daily activities by the public health center's health-promoted program in overweight middle aged women. The workout program of 12 subjects constituted by exercise(aerobic exercise & resistance training) and nutritional education for 10 weeks. As the results, there was a significant decrease in all the weight(59.0$\pm$8.9 vs 57.2$\pm$8.3kg, p<0.05), body fat percentage(33.4$\pm$4.3 vs 30.5$\pm$4.5%, p<0.05) and body fat mass(19.8$\pm$5.4 vs 17.7$\pm$4.9kg, p<0.05) after program. Fat free mass and RMR which tend to be higher after than before program were found not to be significantly. In addition, the serum HDL-cholesterol(54.3$\pm$8.1 vs 59.7$\pm$13.9mg/dl, p<0.05) and TG level(65.2$\pm$418 vs 89.4$\pm$65.6mg/dl, p<0.05) of the subjects increased at the end of the study significantly and significant correlation found between total-cholesterol and TG before program. When the other laboratory parameter were compared before and after program, hematocrit(35.1$\pm$3.3 vs 39.7$\pm$3.3%, p<0.001), platelet(225.9$\pm$49.6 vs 244.3$\pm$49.7cell/ul, p<0.05) and fasting glucose(88.0$\pm$6.5 vs 76.6$\pm$9.7mg/dl, p<0.001) increased significantly but hemoglobin(13.3$\pm$1.3 vs 12.9$\pm$1.3mg/dl, p<0.01) decreased. And in activities analysis, 'moderate activity(18.8 vs 5.8minutes, p<0.05)' clearly showed a significant decrease but 'severe activity(17.7 vs 11.4minutes, p<0.05)' showed a increase. These results suggest that continuous health-promoted program involved exercise and nutritional education at the public health center are effective to reduce body fat and to improve resting metabolic rate(RMR). Further research is required to develop more effective public health program for the middle aged women in community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1990

A cooperative Korea-Japan investigation for the demersal fisheries resources of the East China Sea was carried out by using the training ship Oshoro Maru belong to Hokkaido University Japan, during 5-12 November, 1989. The research vessel sampled 24 stations with demersal trawls on the East China Sea continental shelf, and 96 nautical miles of track line were surveyed hydroacoustically. The echo sounder used during the survey was of a scientific type having echo integration capabilities and the computer system was programmed to obtain echo integration data for each depth stratum between the transducer and the bottom. The target strength of fish school(TS per 1kg) was estimated from the relationship between mean volume backscattering strength and catches caught by the demersal trawls. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. Approximately 96 species were identified from survey catches. 2. The mean volume backscattering strength for the layer occupied by bottom trawls at 25 and 100 KHz were-63.9 dB and -67.3 dB, respectively. Then the average catch per unit time of each trawl haul was 58.8 kg/hour. 3. The mean volume backscattering strength for the entire layer between the transducer and the bottom at 25 and 100KHz were -61.9 dB and -67.0 dB, respectively. 4. The mean fish school target strength per unit weight(TS/kg) at 25 and 100 KHz were -23.6 dB/kg and -26.6 dB/kg, respectively.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2013

This study compared and examined the dietary behavior and food frequency of 100 female workers in their 20s who work night and day shifts at take-out coffee shops and 100 female office workers. The results of the study can be summarized as the following. The experimental group showed lower rates of income, tenure of office, sleeping hours, and frequency of exercise(p<0.001), and higher rates of gastric and intestinal illnesses, weight fluctuates, and smoking(p<0.001) than the control group. More than 83% of the experimental group(p<0.001) answered that they eat alone(p<0.001). The experimental group showed lower rates of regularity of meal and balanced diet(p<0.001), and higher rates of overeating(p<0.01), skipping breakfast and eating late-at-night(p<0.001) than the control group. The experimental group consumed less frequently rice, meat, fish, egg, bean, kimchi, vegetables and fruit(p<0.001), and more frequently noodles, bread, cereal, seaweed, milk, coffee and alcohol(p<0.001) than the control group.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 1981

The developed record of forest maschines and tools in West Germany, Austria and Swiss, their technical characteristics and the working methods with them have been tried to investigate through the study of literature and observation. The aim of this investigation is to find out and introduce the technical information for training our forest men with them and for improving or developing our forest maschines and tools. Although ax chosen as first report for this aim is the oldest tool in the mankind history, still this is widely using in the forest work. And this has some special working filed that any other maschines could not overcome and sometimes should be recommended in the agronomical sideview. Through this investigation several points could be proposed as the technical informations when we will try to improve our ax 1. Radius of as-face curvature is proposed to be 150 mm and it's central point to be passed at one third point near to ax-eye. 2. Cutting angle is proposed to be $30^{\circ}$, ax-thick at 12 mm distance from ax-face to be 4 mm, thick at 30 mm distance from face to be 5 to 6 mm and ax-face width to be $125{\pm}5mm$. 3. Neck size is proposed to be $3.5{\pm}0.5{\times}5.5{\pm}0.5cm$ with a little curvature and neck thick from ax-house to be more than 1.5 cm. 4. Ax weight is proposed to be 1,000 gr with the stupid back and the sharp front. 5. The handle length of ax will be followed to the arm length of our forest workers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate whether consumption of onion wine can reduce serum biomarkers of ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were initially trained for meal feeding to prevent reduction of food intake. After the training period, rats were weight-matched and assigned to the following three groups: 1) a control group fed a control liquid diet containing maltose-dextrin, 2) an ethanol group fed an ethanol liquid diet with 95% ethanol, and 3) an onion wine group fed the same ethanol liquid diet but containing onion wine extract at 1 mL/d/group. All three groups were fed daily for 6 weeks. At 0, 3, and 6 weeks, blood was collected via the orbital sinus following overnight food deprivation and terminally organs collected. Blood lipids and transaminase activities significantly increased in the ethanol-fed group but significantly reversed in the onion wine-fed group. The hepatic levels of fat and cholesterol at 6 weeks were significantly elevated by ethanol administration but significantly reduced by onion wine. These findings indicate that onion wine may ameliorate ethanol-induced fatty liver by lowering hepatic and blood lipid levels.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2017

One-year old pear (Pyrus pyrifolia L.) trees of a new commercial cultivar 'Manpungbae', recently developed in South Korea, were planted in 2001 (planting year 1) and trained to four trellis systems: Y-trellis, Y-II-trellis, pergola, and vase-pergola. To evaluate training systems in the local area (southern Korea), tree growth responses were compared for each trellis system from planting years 3 to 8. For trees trained to Y-trellis and pergola systems, a high proportion of land covered by tree canopy was maintained over the study duration, with 70-80% coverage in year 8. Eight-year cumulative yield per tree was increased in the vase-pergola system with a low planting density and an additional scaffold. Compared with other systems, cummulative yield use efficiency was greatest in Y-II-trellis and pergola systems in years 5 and 8. Compared with Y-II-trellis and vase-pergola systems, the 8-year cumulative yield per hectare was two fold greater for trees trained to the Y-trellis (103 tons) and pergola systems (101 tons). Use of the pergola system improved average fruit weight and fruit soluble solid contents, as well as net income in year 8. Given that we observed reduced fruit productivity and increased labor hours (pruning and orchard work), we consider the Y-trellis and pergola systems to be less valuable trellis systems than the others evaluated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1400-1418
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• 2020

In the development of commercial promotion, chatbot is known as one of significant skill by application of natural language processing (NLP). Conventional design methods are using bag-of-words model (BOW) alone based on Google database and other online corpus. For one thing, in the bag-of-words model, the vectors are Irrelevant to one another. Even though this method is friendly to discrete features, it is not conducive to the machine to understand continuous statements due to the loss of the connection between words in the encoded word vector. For other thing, existing methods are used to test in state-of-the-art online corpus but it is hard to apply in real applications such as telemarketing data. In this paper, we propose an improved chatbot design way using hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model based on the real telemarketing data. Specifically, we first collect the real data in the telemarketing field and perform data cleaning and data classification on the constructed corpus. Second, the word representation is adopted hybrid bag-of-words model and skip-gram model. The skip-gram model maps synonyms in the vicinity of vector space. The correlation between words is expressed, so the amount of information contained in the word vector is increased, making up for the shortcomings caused by using bag-of-words model alone. Third, we use the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method to improve the weight of key words, then output the final word expression. At last, the answer is produced using hybrid retrieval model and generate model. The retrieval model can accurately answer questions in the field. The generate model can supplement the question of answering the open domain, in which the answer to the final reply is completed by long-short term memory (LSTM) training and prediction. Experimental results show which the hybrid word vector expression model can improve the accuracy of the response and the whole system can communicate with humans.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2013

Six English Bull dogs from the same dog training camp were referred with main complaints of stridor, gagging and coughing. Diagnostic imaging studies on these dogs revealed hypoplastic trachea with/without bronchopneumonia. The mean age of affected dogs was $4.83{\pm}2.63$ months, while the mean body weight was $9.03{\pm}5.30$ kg. The mean ratio of the tracheal diameter to the thoracic inlet distance (TD/TI) was $0.085{\pm}0.022$ (normally 0.16 or greater), whereas the mean ratio tracheal diameter to the width of the third rib (TD/W3R) was $1.36{\pm}0.36$ (normally 2 or greater). All dogs had marked inspiratory dyspnea with variable degree of coughing. Of 6 dogs, 4 dogs had either bronchitis or bronchopneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics and bronchodilators made improvement on clinical signs on these dogs. Although some dogs still had mild inspiratory dyspnea (especially after exercise or excitement), most dogs live normally.