• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.617-625
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• 1995

Distribution of wholesale carcass cuts and tissues was studied in Omani Dhofari bulls and steers raised under intensive management and slaughtered over a range of 110 to 210 kg body weight. The fore quarter of Dhofari cattle carcasses was heavier than the hind quarter with the chuck being the heaviest cut in the half carcass followed by the round whereas the flank was the lightest cut. Proportions of the fore quarter and its cuts increased whereas that of the hind quarter and its cuts decreased with increasing carcass weight. The fore quarter contained higher proportions of carcass tissues especially intermuscular fat than the hind quarter. The chuck and round contained the highest proportions of lean and bone and the flank the least. There was a general trend of increasing proportions of fat and decreasing proportions of lean and bone in carcass cuts and fore and hind quarters with increasing slaughter weight and age. As % total body fat (TBF), total carcass fat (TCF) increased whereas total non-carcass fat (TNCF) decreased. The largest proportion of TBF was deposited in the intermuscular site. Among the TNCF depots, the kidney and omental contributed the highest proportions whereas the pelvic and channel were the lowest. Proportions of M. rhomboideus and M. splenius increased in the half carcass whereas that of M. semitendinosus decreased as the cattle increased in size. The axial skeleton contributed 47.4-51.1, the fore limb 21.6-22.6 and the hind limb 23.9-26.2% of the total carcass bone. Proportions of axial skeleton increased whereas that of fore and hind limbs decreased with increasing slaughter weight and age. There were no major effects of castration on the distribution of weight of carcass cuts or carcass tissues. Steers had higher total body fat at 160 kg body weight and higher proportions of mesenteric, scrotal, pelvic, kidney and total non-carcass fat at 210 kg weight than bulls. As % of total body fat, steers fad significantly higher kidney and total non-carcass fat. There was little effects of castration on proportions of dimensions of individual muscles or bones.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.157-165
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in body fat distribution between normal and obese subjects and the relationship between risk factors(fasting blood sugar, blood pressure. fasting serum lipids) and obesity. Measurements of height. weight, skinfold thickness. body circumference. percent body fat. blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and serum lipids were made and a dietary survey was performed on 120(Males 61. Females 59) adult subjects. 1) Among the female subjects, the obese group appeared to have significantly higher centrality of body fat than the normal group. Obese groups of both sexes appeared with higher blood pressure than normal groups. No differences in daily average nutrient intake, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum lipids concentrations were observed between obese and normal groups. 2) In males. the serum triglyceride concentration was observed to have a significantly positive correlation to body weight, body mass index and body circumference, additionally concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were observed to have significantly positive correlations to the skinfold thickness. but the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol was observed to be significantly negatively correlated to the skinfold thickness. 3) In females. the obese group consumed about 47% of total energy intake at lunch. whereas the normal group consumed about 29% . The food habit score of males appeared to be negatively related to body weight, percent ideal body weight. But the food habit score of females appeared to be negatively related to percent body fat(r=-0.32, p<0.05) .

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.622-625
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• 2006

This study is a fundamental investigation for standardization of the heavy-weight floor impact measuring method by the impact ball. The distribution chrematistics of floor impact sound level and reverberation time in a receiving room of the testing building for floor impact sound were measured with variations of number and arrangement of the sound-absorbing materials. Total 8 cases were investigated. The distribution of the floor impact sound level($L_{i,\;Fmax}$) was measured at 30 points with same intervals. The absorption coefficient of the room is 0.10 in case of installation of 6 absorbing materials and 0.02 in case of non-installation. The distribution shape of the impact sound pressure level was similar to the result of the bang machine driving at the measured frequency range. However, the overall reduction of the impact sound level investigated in the 125 to 500 Hz shows that the sound absorption characteristics of the receiving room actually affects the result of the heavy-weight impact measurement.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire on the fuel economy of tractors as well as operational range of tractor engine in terms of engine speed and power when a 4WD tractor of 38.2 kW rated power at 2500 rpm is used for plowing and flooded-field rotavating in paddy fields. (1) Plowing operation required an average engine power of 9.6~13.5 kW which equals 25~35% of rated PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,320.4 to 1,737.4 rpm, work velocity from 3.4 to 4.8 km/h, and fuel consumption from 3.2 to 4.2 L/h, respectively. (2) Flooded-field rotavating required an average engine power of 11.5~18.5 kW which equals 30~48.4% of rated PTO power. Out of this 6.2~12.2 kW was used for PTO power. Engine speed ranged from 1,557 to 2,067 rpm, work velocity from 2.5~5.4 km/h and fuel consumption from 3.2~5.5 L/h, respectively. (3) Axle weight distribution, inflation pressure of tire and moisture content of soil did not affect significantly the specific volumetric fuel consumption but affected significantly the fuel consumption per unit area of operation. Fuel savings amounted to 65% in plowing operation and 20% in flooded-field rotavating when the axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire were optimally adjusted. (4) Optimal adjustment of axle weight distribution and inflation pressure of tire are expected to save fuel consumption by 10~65% per unit area of operation in plowing and 10~20% in flooded-field rotavating.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2002

Dong-Eui-Bo-Gham Oriental medicine clinic on the purpose of losing their weight, from March 1, 2001 to March 1, 2002. The characteristics studied were gender, average weight, average height, distribution of body fat rate, base body metabolism rate, distribution of bmi, purpose of losing weight, treatment history, cause of gaining weight, clinical symptoms, distribution of Sahsang constitution, and change of body constituent. The conclusions drawn from this study were: 1. Among patients who came to the clinic for weight loss, there were 16 females (80%), and 4 males (20%). The ratio of gener was 1 to 4 (male to female) The distribution of their ages were 1 in one's teens (5%), 6 in their 20s (30%), 7 in their 30s (35%), and 6 in their 40s (30%). 2. The average weight of the patients was 72.155kg, and their average height was 163.2 cm. 3. The body fat rates of patients were distributed as: 2 were below 25 (10%), 3 were 25 to 30 (15%), 8 were 30 to 35 (40%), 5 were 35 to 40 (25%), and 2 were 40 to 45 (10%). 4. The base body metabolism rates of the patients were distributed as: 1 was below 1000Kcal (5%), 6 were 1100 to 1200Kcal (30%), 5 were 1200 to 1300Kcal (25%), 6 were 1300 to 1400Kcal (30%), and 2 were 1400 to 1500Kcal (10%). 5. The distribution of the patients bmi was: 4 were below 20 (20%), 5 were 20 to 25 (5%), 11 were 25 to 30 (55%), and 4 were 30 to 35 (20%). 6. The patients visited the clinic to lose their weight for the follwoing purposes: 5 were related to health concerns (25%), and 15 were to imprve their physical apprearnce (75%). Among patients who wanted to lose their weight becase of health concerns, 4 were married (20%) and 1 was single (5%). Among patiens who wanted to lose their weight to improve their physical appearance, 6 were married (30%) and 9 were single (45%). 7. As for the past treatment methods, physical exercises were most frequently used (19 patiens, 43%). 14 tried diet (32%), 8 used food substitues (19%), 1 was treated through Western medicine, and 1 was not related to any of these (2%). 8. Main reasons for weight gains were: 12 were related to overeating (40%), 10 were stress (33%), and 8 were lack of physical exercise (27%). 9. Physical symptoms included: 15 were fatigue (29%), 14 were constipation (26%), 13 were body swelling (25%), 3 were headache (5%), menstruation pain (4%), one was stomach upset (2%), 2 were related to physical structure, and 2 were related to other (4%). 10. As for the distribution of Sahsang constitution, 10 were Taeum (50%), 9 were Sohyang (45%), and 1 was Sohum (5%). 11. The average muscle weight was 44.87kg, average abdomen fat rate was 0.8999, and average base body metabolism rate was1369.2Kcal. 12. For the 5-week period, The body fat rate changes were 35.93 1.56% to 30.40 1.98% for A group, and 34.27 1.19% to 31.73 1.38% for B group. The abomen fat rate changes were 0.90 0.02% to 0.86 0.03 for A group, and 0.89 0.02% to 0.83 0.02% for B group. The body fat weight changes were 26.92 2.04kg to 20.74 1.98kg for A group, and 27.86 3.37kg to 24.58 3.02kg for B group. The body weight chages were 72.36 3.18kg to 64.54 2.55kg for A group, and 72.48 3.14kg to 67.74 3.11kg for B group. The muscle rate changes were 43.86 1.63kg to 43.10 1.76kg for A group, and 42.72 1.22kg to 41.60 1.86kg for B group. Overall, A group was superior to B group. 13. After being treated for obesity, 13 patients used exercise treatment (65%), 5 continued to receive obesity treatment (25%), and 2 used diet (10%). Based on these results, we could conclude that the importande of setting a criterion of obesity and weight control have changed according to changes in social and cultural values, and that treatment of obesity through Oriental medicine and research should keep up with changes in esthetic and psychological values.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.289-293
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of duck production in duck housing as a function of the breeding period. The items in duck production distribution included body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and average duck production. All data were based on eight cycles (June and December, 2017; February, June, August, September, and November, 2018; February, 2019) at Farm Site 1 through 7. The most optimal results in the duck production distribution were observed at Site 1 for weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency. This could be explained by the fact that Site 1 was well managed in environmental improvement and sustainability. Based on these data, selective alternatives to improve duck production in duck farms are recommended as follows: first, proper management and recording of litter used as a flooring material are required, and second, continuous management such as temperature, relative humidity and ventilation is needed. Lastly, it is necessary to change duck facilities by introducing environmental management techniques. Furthermore, efforts to improve the overall facilities and management of duck breeding farms through additional field studies are needed in the future.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.634-638
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• 2003

For the investigation of the properties of aqueous fibroin solution, the variation of molecular weight by agregation of silk, morphology and difference of molecular weight at pI value was investigated. The distribution of molecular weight investigated using gel filtration chromatography and formation of aggregates were confirmed by using Field emission scanning electron microscope. The precipitation of fibroin solution at its pI value was compared by molecular weight distribution and the formation of fibroin aggregated were investigated. The aggregation kinetics were investigated at various condition.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2006

Formation which is an indicator of nonuniformity in fiber distribution is concerned with small scale variation in roughness, optical properties, print density, and so on. This study evaluated the formation of sheets which were made usning handsheet former and paper-machine with hydraulic headbox. Optical method and ${\beta}-ray$ method were used for formation test. The fiber type, freeness and basis weight of sheet were considered as variables. The formation of handsheet was affected by fiber type and freeness, and floe size distribution was influenced by basis weight. For machine made sheet, its formation seemed to be dependent on the hydraulic forces in headbox and former. When two formation test methods were compared, there was the highest relationship between optical formation index and normalized standard deviation from ${\beta}-ray$ method.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

Specific leaf weight (SLW), defined as the mass of tissue per unit leaf area has been found to be an important physiological parameter as it indicates the relative thickness of leaves. Greater SLW provides more photosynthetic potential per unit area of leaf and hence it is frequently been considered as correlated with photosynthesis in several plant species. Collections of 165 mulberry (Morus sp.) germplasm accessions, both Indian and exotic in origin were evaluated for their variability with respect to SLW. The mean specific leaf weight ranged from 35.3 to $72.3 g/m^{-2}$. The distribution of SLW was found to be normal. High heritability (97.08%) and a small difference between genotypic and phenotypic variance demonstrates the genetic control over SLW. Significant heterotic effect with respect to SLW was observed in crosses when parents with high and low SLW were chosen.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.608-611
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• 2000

To separate chitosanoligosaccharides easily by size exclusion, an coencapsulating technology of substrate and enzyme was developed. Chitosan and chitosanase were enveloped in this membrane and the product released to medium by size exclusion. The lower limit of the alginate concentration and the agitation speed were 0.5% and 40 rpm, respectively. Membrane thickness and capsules diameter were $10{\mu}m$ and approx. 3.0mm, 1.5mm, respectively. The molecular weight difference by concentration and cps of alginate were of little significance. And also, the molecular weight of distribution according to enzyme concentration was low concentration of enzyme produced high molecular weight of oligosaccharides. At 1.5mm size of capsule, product diffusion rate to outer part was higher than other capsules. The molecular weight distribution of the released oligosaccharides ranged from 1000 to 6000 Da.