• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2009

Dietary therapy is a basic and emphasized treatment for diabetes. Several clinical studies have shown that diet can play a major role in preventing and managing diabetes. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the dietary behavior and to find solutions to barriers of diabetes mellitus patients. From February to July in 2007, questionnaires were distributed to one hundred and ten patients who were diagnosed DM by physicians and excluded first coming out-patients. One hundred and three data were used for statistical analysis using SPSS/Win 12.0. The main results of this study included the following: To measure dietary behaviors and barriers, a five point scale was used with the following labels: 'strongly yes', 'yes', 'fair', 'no', 'strongly no'. Thirteen dietary behaviors related to diabetes were grouped into the following 4 factors using factor analysis; 'taste control factor', 'blood glucose influence factor', 'practice volition factor', and 'exercise factor'. The mean scores of 4 factors were 3.88, 3.48, 3.55, 3.21, respectively. The 'taste control behaviors' score of subjects who had practiced diet therapy(4.00) was higher than those who had not practiced diet therapy(P<0.05). The 'blood glucose influence behaviors' score of subjects who had nutrition education(3.59) was higher than those who had no nutrition education(P<0.05) and subjects who had practiced diet therapy showed higher score(3.59) than those who had not practiced diet therapy(P<0.05). 'Exercise behaviors score' of subjects who were over 60(3.59) was the lowest(P<0.05). Subjects who had nutrition education showed higher 'exercise behaviors' scores(3.38) than those who had no nutrition education(P<0.05). Subjects who had practiced diet therapy showed higher 'practice volition behaviors' scores(3.72) than those who had not practiced diet therapy(P<0.001). Subjects who were over weight showed the highest 'practice volition behaviors' scores(3.78) concerning BMI(P<0.05). In conclusion, this study expected that Nutrition educators(Dietitian) applied to patient effective nutrition education and counseling through evaluation of Dietary behaviors and barriers considered management types and ecological factors of diabetes patients. Also diabetic patients were easy to change dietary habits because they formed behaviors through education and counsel and there were positive effects in their blood glucose control through removing barriers related to dietary therapy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 1968

A study was planned to evaluate the effects of removal of the cingulate cortex upon the occurrence of any behavior commonly displayed by the rat, and to compare the effects of cingulectomy with those of removal of the parietal, parieto-occipital, or occipital regions. The subjects were 54 male albino rats (Holtzman strain, body weight $200{\sim}330\;gm$) including 14 rats in which the cingulate gyri between splenium and genu of the corpus callosum were bilaterally ablated by suction (cingulate group), 9 animals which had their parietal cortices (chiefly area 7) partially removed (parietal group), 9 rats whose parietal and occipital regions (chiefly areae 7 & 17), 13 animals in which the occipital cortices (chiefly area 17) were removed bilaterally (occipital group), and 9 normal rats (normal control group). Eighteen observation cages, each of which housed a subject and was provided with food and water ad lib., were arranged in 6 rows on a rack and the behavior of each subject was scanned by an observer at a distance of 1.5 m from the rack. The observer scanned the first and second rows 6 times in 1 min, then proceeded to the 3rd and 4th rows, scanning for another 1 min, and finally to the 5th and 6th rows. The speed of scanning was such that behavioral observations of all of the 18 rats were completed in 3 min, each subject receiving 6 observations. The scanning was repeated every 3 min for 18 min, which constituted one observation session and was followed by a 72 minutes' recess. The whole procedure was repeated through 24 hours so that a total of 576 behavioral observations were made on each subject in 16 observation sessions. Behaviors checked were sleeping, lying, lying and sniffing, standing, standing and sniffing, exploring, eating, drinking, grooming (included were washing, licking, and scratching), and others. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The cingulate group ate significantly more often than the normal control, the parietal, and the parieto-occipital groups. 2. Exploration was significantly less frequent in the cingulate group than in the normal control, the parietal, and the occipital groups. There was, in the case of the cingulate group, a significant negative correlation between the occurrence of eating and the exploratory activity. 3. The general activity, as judged from the value obtained by adding the occurrence of exploration, eating, drinking, grooming, and standing and sniffing, was significantly increased in the cingulate group compared with those of any other groups including the normal control. 4. Though statistically insignificant, the cingulate group slept least often among all the animal groups tested. 5. The parieto-occipital group tended to groom less, and the parietal group to eat less often than the normal control group did, but the difference was not significant. There were no significant differences among all the groups except the cingulate group as regards other behaviors analyzed. Based on the above results, it was inferred that the cingulate cortex exerts an inhibitory influence upon the occurrence of eating and general activity, while it tends to facilitate the occurrence of sleep.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2013

This paper presents a design of fuzzy PD depth controller for the autonomous underwater vehicle entitled KAUV-1. The vehicle is shaped like a torpedo with light weight and small size and used for marine exploration and monitoring. The KAUV-1 has a unique ducted propeller located at aft end with yawing actuation acting as a rudder. For depth control, the KAUV-1 uses a mass shifter mechanism to change its center of gravity, consequently, can control pitch angle and depth of the vehicle. A design of classical PD depth controller for the KAUV-1 was presented and analyzed. However, it has inherent drawback of gains, which is their values are fixed. Meanwhile, in different operation modes, vehicle dynamics might have different effects on the behavior of the vehicle. In this reason, control gains need to be appropriately changed according to vehicle operating states for better performance. This paper presents a self-tuning gain for depth controller using the fuzzy logic method which is based on the classical PD controller. The self-tuning gains are outputs of fuzzy logic blocks. The performance of the self-tuning gain controller is simulated using Matlab/Simulink and is compared with that of the classical PD controller.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 1994

Health could be maintained and promoted by pursuing an active healthy lifestyle. Life-style include health habits and behavior pattern such as exercise, diatry change, weight control, stress management et al. The objectives of this studies are (1) to analyze recognition and practice of lifestyle between nurses and non-nurses, (2) to analyze health status of clients which presented healthy lifestyle, (3) to analyze factors that affected healthy lifestyle. The lifestyle assessment questionnaire is divided into ten sections: competence in selfcare, nutritional practices, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress management, self-actualization, sense of purpose, relation with others, environmental control, and use of health care system. The major results are as follows : (1) The level of recognition and practice of lifestyle was not high. Nurses showed more higher score than non nurses in lifestyle area such as competence in selfcare, stress management, environmental control, and use of health care system. (2) Good health status and lifestyle presented positive relation. (3) In mutiple classifiction analysis, competence in selfcare, nutritional practices, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress management, environmental control, and use of health care system had significant relation to independent variables. (4) Change of concept for healthy lifestyle after this survey was higher in nurses group and the most concern area was stress management. To sum up, lifestyle pattern of nurses as health professional was not desirably high. Therefore nurses ownself should effort to practice healthy lifestyle prior to others, and then educate importance of lifestyle for health promotion and disease prevention. In conclusion, it will be useful to consider significant lifestyle factors that was be identified in this study to develop health promotion program.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.463-472
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the BMI, diet perception and diet behavior of female university students. A descriptive survey design was used 165 students from October 29 to November 9, 2018. Data were analyzed using mean, t-test, ANOVA, cross analysis with SPSS 21.0. Total diet perception was 3.44 points, highest sub category was 'practice' with 4.00 points, followed by 'information and education' with 3.58 points, 'necessity' with 3.32 points and lowest category was 'self-recognition' with 2.84. 65 students(43.0%) were 'less than three times' in 'Number of diets' and diet methods was 65(43.0%) for 'food control' and 62(41.1%) for 'exercise'. During in a week, 98 students(84.9%) exercised within three hours, followed by 33(21.9%) who did not exercised at all. 22 students(14.6%) said they experienced damage from dieting, while the types included gastrointestinal disease, menstrual irregularity and hair loss. The total score of diet perception according to BMI was lower in the underweight group than in the normal and overweight groups(p<.001). In diet 'practice' category, low weight group scored lower than normal weight and overweight groups(p<.05). In 'information and education' category, overweight group scored the highest, followed by normal and underweight groups(p<.001). In diet 'necessity' and 'self-recognition' categories, low weight group scored lower than normal weight and overweight groups(p<.001). Diet behavior by diet perception was different in number and method of diet(p<.001). Based on the results, it is thought that attention and education are needed to form a proper diet perception and maintain healthy living for female university students.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

Female university students generally have a lower intake of nutrition compared to other age groups due to their adverse interests in their appearance. Drinking, smoking, too much weight control, accumulation of psychological and physical stress are causes of inadequate diet. The result is deterioration of hair health. Establishment of good diet and hair care is the foundation of a healthy hair in adulthood. For this reason, there is a great need for a healthy hair care. The data from a questionnaire survey was analyzed with 800 female undergraduate students responding. Seventeen universities were included in the study, 8 of which were from Seoul, 6 from other large cities and 3 from smaller towns. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlations of these factors and to provide preliminary data for developing an effective hair care education program. Results include the following: 1. Knowledge score of hair care based on general characteristics were higher for students in larger cites compare to small cites or regions. Also, students in higher academic year, more allowance, interest in their apparence and family income showed higher knowledge in this field. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 2. Attitude score towards hair care based on general characteristics were higher for students in larger cites compare to small cites or regions. Also, students in higher academic year, more allowance, interest in their apparence and family income showed higher knowledge in this field. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 3. Behavior score towards hair care was higher for students with greater family income, allowance, interest in appearance. These factors had meaningful effect on the statistics of this study. 4. The correlation study between knowledge, attitude and behavior showed that higher the knowledge and attitude, better the behavior. 5. The analysis of factors effecting hair care behavior showed that interest in health, acknowledgement of current hair condition, total family income were a viable factor in predicting hair care behavior. The predictability of regression model is 38.9 %($R^2$) Therefore, in order to maximize the hair care behavior, consistent and systematic study should be earned out to develope an effective education program to improve health interest.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.428-434
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• 2019

Many countries have interested animal welfare. Similarly, domestic people have concern for the welfare from companion animals to livestock. Environmental enrichments (EE) are tool to enforce the welfare, however, research with sows is limited. Therefore, this study was investigate to effects of environmental enrichments on performance and behavior properties of gestating sows. A total of 30 pregnant sows (Landrace) were assigned into three treatments that control, T1 (plastic device) and T2 (Rice straw). Period of trial was from Mar. 03. 18. to Mary 19. 18. The EE were allotted to center of experimental pen ($11.6{\times}6.0m$). Body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF) and cortisol were identified at experimental initial or end date. Behavior was recorded during 24 hours on days 91 of gestation, and then analyzed the patterns. BF was reduced (15.73 vs. 16.56 mm; p>0.05) in T1 than control, but Ending BW, total litter size and alive piglets did not differ. Born dead piglets showed lower tendency (1.00 and 0.63 vs. 1.50 heads; p>0.05) in T1 and T2 than control. Similarly, the enrichments declined farrowing mortality (C, 8.68%; T1, 6.86%; T2, 3.40%; p>0.05). Cortisol was not differed among treatments. In the behavior characteristics, eating showed lower (1.81 vs. 9.68 and 6.99%; p<0.05) in T2 than control and T1. Furthermore, playing or digging were only observed (0.33 and 2.10%; p<0.05) in T1 and T2, respectively, whereas rubbing (0.91%, p<0.05) only showed in the control. These results suggest that the provision of EE would be not negatively affected the performance of the gestating sows and could be led to improvement of the livestock welfare.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2016

Insects constitute the largest and most diverse group of animals in the world. They also serve as the hosts or nutrient sources for an immense assemblage of pathogens, parasites, and predators. More than 700 fungal species from 100 genera have adopted an entomopathogenic lifestyle. Although entomopathogenic fungi were studied as only biocontrol agents against a variety of pests in various countries, it has been recently focused their additional roles in nature. They are antagonists to/against plant pathogens, endophytes, and possibly even plant growth promoting agents. The potential antimicrobial effect against fungal plant pathogens by an isolate of entomopathogenic fungi including Beauveria bassiana, Lecanicillium spp., and Isaria fumosorosea have been reported since late 1990s, but wasn't reported pathogenicity of the isolate against pests. Later, a Canadian Lecanicillium sp. isolate and L. longisporium isolated from Vertalec$^{(R)}$ showed simultaneous control effect against both aphid and cucumber powder mildew. Therefore, the antimicrobial activities of 342 fungi isolates collected from various regions and conditions in Korea were evaluated against plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea using dual culture technique on agar plate. As a result, 186 isolates (54.4%) shown the antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The culture filtrates of selected fungi completely suppressed the growth of the microorganisms, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antimicrobial substances in the culture filtrate. Mode of action of these fungi against insect involves the attachment of conidia to the insect cuticle, followed by germination, cuticle penetration, and internal dissemination throughout the insect. During infection process, secreted enzymes, proteinous toxins, and/or secondary metabolites secreted by entomopathogenic fungi can be used to overcome the host immune system, modify host behavior, and defend host resources. Recently, secondary metabolites isolated from entomopathogenic fungi have been reported as potential bioactive substances. Generally, most of bioactive substances produced by entomopathogenic fungi have reported low molecular weight (lower than 1,000 g/mol) as peptide and, in contrast the high molecular weight fungal bioactive substances are rare. Most substances based on entomopathogenic fungi were shown antimicrobial activity with narrow control ranges. In our study we analyzed the antimicrobial substances having antagonistic effects to B. cinerea. Antimicrobial substances in our fungal culture filtrates showed high thermostability, high stability to proteolytic enzymes, and hydrophilicity and their molecular weights were differed from substance. In conclusion, entomopathogenic fungi showed pathogenicity against insect pests and culture filtrate of the fungi also shown to antimicrobial activity. In the future, we can use the entomopathogenic fungi and its secondary metabolites to control both insect pest control and plant pathogenic fungi simultaneously.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Purpose : this study purposed to investigate school nursing phenomena in Korea by applying ICNP, the international standard nursing classification system developed by ICN, and to compare school nursing phenomena at elementary, middle and high schools. Method : The subjects of this study are 110 nursing teachers from 82 elementary schools, 16 middle schools, and 12 high schools. In the survey, subjects were asked to score the degree to which phenomena and characteristics of Korean school nursing, identified in previous research, on a 5 point scale. Questionnaires were distributed and recovered by mail and email. The period of data collection was 6 months from July to December 2003. The general characteristics of schools and nursing teachers were represented with frequencies and percentages, the phenomena and characteristics of school nursing with the mean score of the questions, and the phenomena school nursing by school grade with ANOVA and Duncan's posterior analysis. Results : 1) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human behavior, the mean score of questions on inadequate stress management was highest at 3.24 points followed by the score on inadequate weight control (3.23), inadequate eating habits (3.22), the risk of spine disorders (2.68), inadequate emergency management (2.62), inadequate response to sex -related problems (2.19), and smoking and drug use (1.85). 2) As for the characteristics of schools according to school nursing phenomena related to human function, the mean score of questions on oral health management was highest at 3.11 points followed by the score on the risk of digestive system disorder (2.87), improper eyesight management (2.81), the risk of respiratory system disorders (2.75), lack of sexual identity (2.52), and inadequate contagious disease control (2.12). 3) As for the mean score according to school nursing phenomena related to environment, the score of the risk of accidents in classroom was highest as 2.68 points followed by the score of the risk of accidents around the school (2.65), maladjustment to school (2.62), the risk of accidents outside the classroom (2.43), inadequate learning environment (1.83), the risk of exposure to socially and physically harmful environment factors (1.82), and inadequate waste disposal (1.77). 4) This study tested the mean scores of questions corresponding to each school nursing phenomenon in order to see if there is a difference in the school nursing phenomenon among elementary, middle and high schools, and performed Duncan's posterior comparison for school nursing phenomena. A significant difference was found at p<.1. According to the results, school nursing phenomena found to be significantly different among elementary, middle and high schools was smoking and drug use (p<.05), which appeared more problematic in high school than in elementary school. phenomena such as inadequate eating habits, inadequate weight control, inadequate response to sex-related problems and inadequate waste disposal were also found to be statistically different at p<.1; however, according to the result of Duncan's posterior comparison, no difference was found among groups in improper eating habits and improper response to sex-related problems, and a significant difference was found between middle and high schools in inadequate weight control and inadequate waste disposal. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to plan school health projects focused on the characteristic school nursing phenomena that had high scores and to develop and execute school healthe projects in accordance with the characteristics of elementary, middle and high schools. Considering that the scores of school nursing phenomena related to human behavior are high, it is necessary to introduce school health promotion projects in a systematic way.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.260-272
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• 2010

This study examined how the participation rates contribute to subjects' outcomes after a nutrition education (once/week) and exercise (3 times/week) intervention program for 12 weeks in 44 obese female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups: high-participator (HP) or low-participator (LP) groups according to their participation levels based on the median visit value (30 visits out of a total of 48 visits). Daily nutrient intakes assessed by a 24-hour recall, body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, BMI, percent body fat, and the waist-hip ratio were significantly decreased in the HP group. In addition, the HP group had a greater rates of changes in weight (HP group: -6.6% and LP group: -3.1%, p < 0.01), BMI (-7.0% and -3.2%, p < 0.01), percent body fat (-7.8% and -4.2%, p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (-3.1% and -0.4%, p < 0.01) compared to the LP group. Energy-adjusted protein, fiber, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin C were significantly increased in the HP group. The HP group showed a significant increase in HDLcholesterol and a decrease in blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic index (AI). While the muscle endurance, muscle strength, power, agility and flexibility were significantly increased in the HP group, agility and balance were improved in the LP group. In addition, dietary behavior score was significantly increased and stress score decreased in the HP group compared to the LP group. High participation rates were correlated with the improvement of the nutrient density (protein, fiber, potassium, Vitamin $B_1$, Vitamin $B_2$, Vitamin $B_6$ and folate), anthropometric parameters (body weight, BMI and percent body fat), serum lipid profiles (HDL-cholesterol, Triglyceride, and AI) and physical fitness (muscle endurance) adjusted for age, menopausal status, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplement use and baseline BMI. Our results suggest that high participation in nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical fitness in obese women.