• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 1979

콩품종 동북태, 수원 8003와 Williams를 공시하여 콩의 재식거리 60$\times$15cm나 45$\times$20cm에 파종하고 3주 간격으로 제초시기를 달리 하였을 때 콩과 잡초와의 경합관계를 구명하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Williams의 CGR과 LAI는 동북태와 수원 8003보다 적으며 잡초경합에 의하여 감소되는 경향도 현저하였다. 2. 잡초경합에 의하여 Williams 품종은 동북태, 수원 8003와 비교하여 분지수, 협수 및 1000입종이 현저히 감소되었다. 3. 콩의 수량은 재식거리간에 통계적인 유의차를 인정할 수 없었으나 동북태와 수원 8003는 45 $\times$20cm에서 그리고 Williams는 60 $\times$15cm에서 수량이 높은 경향이었다. 4. 콩수량은 잡초방임구에서 동북태는 14.8%, 수원8003는 11.9% 감소되었으나 잡초에 대한 경합력이 약하였던 Williams는 25.5% 감소되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.70-79
• /
• 1977

1. 다년생잡초의 지하경은 단일처리만으로서도 형성되었는데, 단일조건별(시간)로는 11시간까지는 형성량에 큰 차이가 없었다. 2. 다년생잡초 지하경형성을 위한 단일처리의 유도 기간은 잡초종류에따라 차이가 있었는데 벗풀은 2일, 올방개와 너도방동산이는 10일 가래는 30일이었다. 3. 다년생잡초 지하경의 절단정도와 상아발육정도를보면 잡초종류간에 다소 차이가 있었고, 절단방법별로도 차이가 있었다. 그러나 공시잡초 모두 80%절단구에서도 완전히 맹아력을 상실하지는 않았는데 가래는 8%, 올방개는 13%, 벗풀은 100%의 맹아발생율을 보였다. 4. 토양 조건에 따른 발아성을 보면 너도방동산이는 담수상태하에서는 맹아발육이 되지 않았으며, 가래는 너도방동산이와는 반대로 담수상태하에서만 맹아발육되었다. 그러나 올방개, 벗풀은 담수, 포화상태에서 다같이 맹아ㆍ발육되었으나 담수상태하에서 더욱 용역하게 맹아 발육되었다.

• 스마트미디어저널
• /
• 제11권7호
• /
• pp.94-103
• /
• 2022

Weeds bring disadvantages to crops since they can damage them, and a clean treatment with less pollution and contamination should be developed. Artificial intelligence gives new hope to agriculture to achieve smart farming. This study delivers an automated weeds growth point detection using deep learning. This study proposes a combination of semantic graphics for generating data annotation and U-Net with pre-trained deep learning as a backbone for locating the growth point of the weeds on the given field scene. The dataset was collected from an actual field. We measured the intersection over union, f1-score, precision, and recall to evaluate our method. Moreover, Mobilenet V2 was chosen as the backbone and compared with Resnet 34. The results showed that the proposed method was accurate enough to detect the growth point and handle the brightness variation. The best performance was achieved by Mobilenet V2 as a backbone with IoU 96.81%, precision 97.77%, recall 98.97%, and f1-score 97.30%.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2006

Application of herbicide for rice cropping is inevitable but notorious for its side effect of environmental pollution. Precision fanning will be one of important tools for the least input and sustainable fanning and could be achieved by implementation of the variable rating technology. If a device to detect weeds in rice field is available, herbicide could be applied only to the places where it is needed by the manner of the variable rating technology. The study was carried out to develop an algorithm of image processing to detect weeds in rice field using a machine vision system of multi-spectral digital images. A series of multi-spectral rice field picture of 560, 680 and 800 nm of center wavelengths were acquired from the 27th day to the 39th day after transplanting in the ineffective tillering stage of a rice growing period. A discrimination model to distinguish pixels of weeds from those of rice plant and weed image was developed. The model was proved as having accuracies of 83.6% and 58.9% for identifying the rice plant and the weed, respectively. The model was used in the algorithm to differentiate weed images from mingled images of rice plant and weed in a frame of rice field picture. The developed algorithm was tested with the acquired rice field pictures and resulted that 82.7%, 11.9% and 5.4% of weeds in the pictures were noted as the correctly detected, the undetected and the misclassified as rice, respectively, and 81.9% and 18.0% of rice plants in the pictures were marked as the correctly detected and the misclassified as weed, respectively.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.230-260
• /
• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.335-339
• /
• 2015

일본잡초학회를 참석하여 잡초방제 관한 최근 연구동향을 파악하고 이를 토대로 향후 잡초방제 연구의 발전방향과 전망을 제시하고자 하였다. 주요 연구분야로는 잡초연구, 잡초관리, 제초제, 그리고 해외동향 등이었다. 일반강연 49편, 포스터 발표 45편이 었다. 학회 일정 중에 미니심포지엄이 소분과로 나누어 각각 개최되었고, 젊은 과학자의 모임도 활발하게 진행되었다. 일본도 우리나라와 같이 기후변화에 따른 문제잡초의 증가 및 외래잡초의 관련연구의 비중이 높고, 친환경 방제를 위한 식물체 유래 제초활성 물질 탐색, 저항성 잡초를 방제하기 위한 연구들이 주로 이루어지고 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2012

Panicum maximum, Panicum repens, Imperata cylindrica, Pennisetum polystachion and Cyperus rotundus are five rhizomatous grass weeds that exist and are problematic in the coconut lands of Sri Lanka. Rhizomatous weeds are the most difficult to control because of their vegetative reproduction by underground propagules. Therefore chemical and biological techniques have failed to control these weeds to acceptable levels. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of depth of burial, duration of sun drying or duration of air drying rhizomes of the selected weed species on germination. Depth of burial reduced germination of all species. Burying rhizomes at depths less than 10 cm inhibited germination of P. maximum and P. polystachion. Burying depths below 30~40 cm inhibited germination of all species. Sun drying or air drying rhizomes for durations less than 5 days inhibited germination of P. maximum and P. polystachion. Germinations of all species were inhibited by sun drying rhizomes for 15 days or air drying rhizomes for 20 days. Sun drying of rhizomes of all species for five days reduced the moisture content to a greater extent than air drying. The results indicated that burying rhizomes at the depthsbelow 30~40 cm, sun drying rhizomes for durations beyond 15 days or air drying rhizomes for durations beyond 20 days would be effective in controlling germination of these species. The investigations of the experiments also suggest that keeping rhizomes on the soil surface without burying, sun drying rhizomes or air drying rhizomes for durations of 5~15 days would produce weak plants.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.109-116
• /
• 2017

This study was carried out two surveys in 2015 to monitor weed occurrence and determine the most troublesome weeds in peach orchards of Korea. The first survey identified 56 taxa belonging to 23 families including 27 annuals, 11 biennials, and 18 perennials. Based on importance values, Conyza canadensis (5.12%), Plantago asiatica (4.17%), and Trifolium repens (3.86%) were the dominant weeds in the first survey (from April to June). Seventeen exotic weeds were identified in the first survey, including Conyza canadensis, Trifolium repens, and Chenopodium ficifolium. The second survey (from September to October) identified 42 weeds belonging to 19 families including 23 annuals, 5 biennials, and 14 perennials. According to importance values, Digitaria ciliaris (8.00%) was the most dominant weed, followed by Echinochloa utilis (6.61%) and Rorippa palustris (6.48%). There were 12 exotic weeds, including Taraxacum officinale, Rumex crispus, and Trifolium repens. Additionally, according to Braun-Blanquet's scale showed that the dominance value was level 1 (41.98% and 46.43%, respectively) in two surveys. Currently, 40% of the total surveyed peach orchards applied herbicides for weed control. These results could provide basic data to assist orchardists in selecting the most suitable weed management methods; thereby, reducing labor inputs and effectively lowering costs while improving fruit yields in peach orchards of Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2000

Weeds are widely grown in the field and are infected by many viruses. A survey was conducted to identify viruses infecting weeds in Korea. Virus-infected weed samples including Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern, R. islandica (Oed.) Bord, Crepidiastrum denticulatum (Houtt.) Pak & Kawanno, Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai, and Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Makino were collected in Kyonggi Province. These weeds were grown in the greenhouse and were isolated on 10 test plants. Several virus isolates were isolated fron infected tissues and were further studied by host range assay, serological test, electron microscopy (EM), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. Each isolated virus strain was mechanically transmitted to weeds and various hosts including Nicotiana spp., Brassica spp., Vigna unguiculata, Capsicum annuum, and Cucumis sativus and showed systemic mosaic, vein clearing, necrosis, mottle, malformation, chlorosis, and/or death of host plants in some cases. Each virus was then purified using infected leaves and observed by EM. From these results three viruses were isolated and identified as Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). RT-PCR using virus-specific oligonucleotide primers and the cloning were conducted to determine the nucleotide sequences of coat proteins of the three viruses their amino acid sequence were deduced. The amino acid sequence homologies were about 92.7 to 99.7%, 96.2 to 97.7%, and 93.9 to 98.6% to other reported TuMV, BBWV, and CMV strains, respectively. These results suggest that many weeds may serve as primary inoculum source of diseases caused by TuMV, BBWV, CMV and that the management of these viral diseases can be achieved through weed control.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.43-55
• /
• 2020

The study was performed in order to derive the management methods of revegetation space on embankment upper in the shoulder of expressway. The pilot study was conducted in 2013 on the test road section of the Jungbu Inland Expressway (Smart Highway) and continues to be monitored until 2020. In the test, three commonly used methods for weed control were applied. In the early two to three years, most of the methods were effective in controlling weeds. However, at the end of six years, weed suppression effects were different for each treatment. Vegetation coverage was 90% in the untreated control, 70-80% wood chip mulching method, 50-60% solidification method, and 20% sheet mulching method. The sheet method was found to be the most effective given the low vegetation coverage was effective in controlling weeds. The wood chip mulching method is promoting weed growth over time, and weeds are invading as the effect of soil hardening is reduced in the place where the soil hardener is treated. Among the methods applied in the test, mulching the sheet is the most effective, but it is important to use a durable sheet. In the future, it is necessary to find ways to control weeds on road shoulders, considering both economic and environmental aspects. For the proper management in the shoulder of expressway set target zone is needed. Clear standards for weed control on expressway should be established. And the technology to be applied must be durable for 3 years or more and must be able to suppress the amount of weeds to a level of 20% or less.