• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.33-56
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• 2016

Many researchers have focused on developing bankruptcy prediction models using modeling techniques, such as statistical methods including multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) and logit analysis or artificial intelligence techniques containing artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees, and support vector machines (SVM), to secure enhanced performance. Most of the bankruptcy prediction models in academic studies have used financial ratios as main input variables. The bankruptcy of firms is associated with firm's financial states and the external economic situation. However, the inclusion of qualitative information, such as the economic atmosphere, has not been actively discussed despite the fact that exploiting only financial ratios has some drawbacks. Accounting information, such as financial ratios, is based on past data, and it is usually determined one year before bankruptcy. Thus, a time lag exists between the point of closing financial statements and the point of credit evaluation. In addition, financial ratios do not contain environmental factors, such as external economic situations. Therefore, using only financial ratios may be insufficient in constructing a bankruptcy prediction model, because they essentially reflect past corporate internal accounting information while neglecting recent information. Thus, qualitative information must be added to the conventional bankruptcy prediction model to supplement accounting information. Due to the lack of an analytic mechanism for obtaining and processing qualitative information from various information sources, previous studies have only used qualitative information. However, recently, big data analytics, such as text mining techniques, have been drawing much attention in academia and industry, with an increasing amount of unstructured text data available on the web. A few previous studies have sought to adopt big data analytics in business prediction modeling. Nevertheless, the use of qualitative information on the web for business prediction modeling is still deemed to be in the primary stage, restricted to limited applications, such as stock prediction and movie revenue prediction applications. Thus, it is necessary to apply big data analytics techniques, such as text mining, to various business prediction problems, including credit risk evaluation. Analytic methods are required for processing qualitative information represented in unstructured text form due to the complexity of managing and processing unstructured text data. This study proposes a bankruptcy prediction model for Korean small- and medium-sized construction firms using both quantitative information, such as financial ratios, and qualitative information acquired from economic news articles. The performance of the proposed method depends on how well information types are transformed from qualitative into quantitative information that is suitable for incorporating into the bankruptcy prediction model. We employ big data analytics techniques, especially text mining, as a mechanism for processing qualitative information. The sentiment index is provided at the industry level by extracting from a large amount of text data to quantify the external economic atmosphere represented in the media. The proposed method involves keyword-based sentiment analysis using a domain-specific sentiment lexicon to extract sentiment from economic news articles. The generated sentiment lexicon is designed to represent sentiment for the construction business by considering the relationship between the occurring term and the actual situation with respect to the economic condition of the industry rather than the inherent semantics of the term. The experimental results proved that incorporating qualitative information based on big data analytics into the traditional bankruptcy prediction model based on accounting information is effective for enhancing the predictive performance. The sentiment variable extracted from economic news articles had an impact on corporate bankruptcy. In particular, a negative sentiment variable improved the accuracy of corporate bankruptcy prediction because the corporate bankruptcy of construction firms is sensitive to poor economic conditions. The bankruptcy prediction model using qualitative information based on big data analytics contributes to the field, in that it reflects not only relatively recent information but also environmental factors, such as external economic conditions.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2007

The flow theory becomes one of the most important frameworks in the internet research arena. Hoffman and Novak proposed a hierarchical flow model showing the antecedents and outcomes of flow and the relationship among these variables in the hyper-media computer circumstances (Hoffman and Novak 1996). This model was further tested after their initial research (Novak, Hoffman, and Yung 2000). At their paper, Hoffman and Novak explained that the balance of challenge and skill leads to flow which means the positive optimal state of mind (Hoffman and Novak 1996). An imbalance between challenge and skill, leads to negative states of mind like anxiety, boredom, apathy (Csikszentmihalyi and Csikszentmihalyi 1988). Almost all research on the flow 4-channel model have been focusingon flow, the positive state of mind (Ellis, Voelkl, and Morris 1994 Mathwick and Rigdon 2004). However, it also needs to examine the formation of the negative states of minds and their outcomes. Flow researchers explain play or playfulness as antecedents or the early state of flow. However, play has been regarded as a distinct concept from flow in the flow literatures (Hoffman and Novak 1996; Novak, Hoffman, and Yung 2000). Mathwick and Rigdon discovered the influences of challenge and skill on play; they also observed the influence of play on web-loyalty and brand loyalty (Mathwick and Rigdon 2004). Unfortunately, they did not go so far as to test the influences of play on state of mind. This study focuses on the relationships between state of mind in the flow 4-channel model and play. Early research has attempted to hypothetically explain state of mind in flow theory, but has not been tested except flow until now. Also the importance of play has been emphasized in the flow theory, but has not been tested in the flow 4-channel model context. This researcher attempts to analyze the relationships among state of mind, skill of play, challenge, state of mind and web loyalty. For this objective, I developed a measure for state of mind and defined the concept of play as a trait. Then, the influences of challenge and skill on the state of mind and play under on-line shopping conditions were tested. Also the influences of play on state of mind were tested and those of flow and play on web loyalty were highlighted. 294 undergraduate students participated in this research survey. They were asked to respond about their perceptions of challenge, skill, state of mind, play, and web-loyalty to on-line shopping mall. Respondents were restricted to students who bought products on-line in a month. In case of buying products at two or more on-line shopping malls, they asked to respond about the shopping mall where they bought the most important one. Construct validity, discriminant validity, and convergent validity were used to check the measurement validations. Also, Cronbach's alpha was used to check scale reliability. A series of exploratory factor analyses was conducted. This researcher conducted confirmatory factor analyses to assess the validity of measurements. All items loaded significantly on their respective constructs. Also, all reliabilities were greater than.70. Chi-square difference tests and goodness of fit tests supported discriminant and convergent validity. The results of clustering and ANOVA showed that high challenge and high skill leaded to flow, low challenge and high skill leaded to boredom, and low challenge and low skill leaded to apathy. But, it was different from my expectation that high challenge and low skill didnot lead to anxiety but leaded to apathy. The results also showed that high challenge and high skill, and high challenge and low skill leaded to the highest play. Low challenge leaded to low play. 4 Structural Equation Models were built by flow, anxiety, boredom, apathy for analyzing not only the impact of play on state of mind and web-loyalty, but also that of state of mind on web-loyalty. According the analyses results of these models, play impacted flow and web-loyalty positively, but impacted anxiety, boredom, and apathy negatively. Results also showed that flow impacted web-loyalty positively, but anxiety, boredom, and apathy impacted web-loyalty negatively. The interpretations and implications of the test results of the hypotheses are as follows. First, respondents belonging to different clusters based on challenge and skill level experienced different states of mind such as flow, anxiety, boredom, apathy. The low challenge and low skill group felt the highest anxiety and apathy. It could be interpreted that this group feeling high anxiety or fear, then avoided attempts to shop on-line. Second, it was found that higher challenge leads to higher levels of play. Test results show that the play level of the high challenge and low skill group (anxiety group) was higher than that of the high challenge and high skill group (flow group). However, this was not significant. Third, play positively impacted flow and negatively impacted boredom. The negative impacts on anxiety and apathy were not significant. This means that the combination of challenge and skill creates different results. Forth, play and flow positively impacted web-loyalty, but anxiety, boredom, apathy had negative impacts. The effect of play on web-loyalty was stronger in case of anxiety, boredom, apathy group than fl ow group. These results show that challenge and skill influences state of mind and play. Results also demonstrate how play and flow influence web-loyalty. It implies that state of mind and play should be the core marketing variables in internet marketing. The flow theory has been focusing on flow and on the positive outcomes of flow experiences. But, this research shows that lots of consumers experience the negative state of mind rather than flow state in the internet shopping circumstance. Results show that the negative state of mind leads to low or negative web-loyalty. Play can have an important role with the web-loyalty when consumers have the negative state of mind. Results of structural equation model analyses show that play influences web-loyalty positively, even though consumers may be in the negative state of mind. This research found the impacts of challenge and skill on state of mind in the flow 4-channel model, not only flow but also anxiety, boredom, apathy. Also, it highlighted the role of play in the flow 4-channel model context and impacts on web-loyalty. However, tests show a few different results from hypothetical expectations such as the highest anxiety level of apathy group and insignificant impacts of play on anxiety and apathy. Further research needs to replicate this research and/or to compare 3-channel model with 4-channel model.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.1225-1233
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• 2015

This study investigates the effects of information security awareness arising from E-Commerce in terms of the Elaboration Likelihood Model(ELM) and analyzes the moderating effect of the trust's involvement and experience. Consumers are using E-Commerce Web sites, depending on the level of involvement and experience in E-Commerce. This study is based on the ELM, the information security awareness of consumer confidence in E-Commerce form, according to the degree of experience and involvement suggested a theoretical model to describe the effect that the scaling and, through empirical studies validation of model. Consumer confidence is formed the attitude of the E-Commerce company through different paths, depending on the type of awareness in the E-Commerce web site, this moderate has the effect of consumer involvement and experience. Studying the information security awareness of consumer in the on E-Commerce is considered to present a new perspective on trust.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2005

Many aspects of the way we work and live in the twenty-first century will be determined by the vast web of Internet. Virtual environments open the door to new identity experiences. Having the possibility to enter in a new community, where any personal information is directly shown to others, is a possibility to experiencing different self and thus to show and build new identities. This paper aims to identify how to relate the perception of cyber identity, loyalty and purchase intention. First, we classified cyber identity into two types, personal and social, and analyzed perception of each identity type. Then we conducted a survey using pre-designed questionnaire and found out factors consisting personal and social identity. Finally we analyzed the effects of these factors on loyalty and purchase intention using Structural Equation Model.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.847-854
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• 2022

The aim of this study is to develop a Named Entity Recognition (NER) model to automatically identify construction-related organizations from news articles. This study collected news articles using web crawling technique and construction-related organizations were labeled within a total of 1,000 news articles. The Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model was used to recognize clients, constructors, consultants, engineers, and others. As a pilot experiment of this study, the best average F1 score of NER was 0.692. The result of this study is expected to contribute to the establishment of international business strategies by collecting timely information and analyzing it automatically.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.358-365
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• 2023

As the Internet is used as a major channel for marketing and sales, the top ranking of search engine results is becoming a key competitor among websites. Various methods exist to maintain the top ranking of websites in search engines, typically investing heavily in organic coding or search engine optimization. The purpose of this paper, we present the ranking by recognizing factors that should be removed as negative factors when designing a web page in consideration of website visibility (SEO) because if website visibility is not met, the ranking may fall behind or be completely removed from the search engine index. The experiments that recognized and ranked the negative factors of website visibility proposed in this paper were provided through theory and experiments based on the existing website visibility analysis model. The models analyzed in this paper, we expressed or quantified as scores based on the methodology of each model, and 10 items were selected as negative factors through experiments and ranked as high scores. Therefore, when designing a website, it should be considered that the website is not removed from the search engine index as it is designed by excluding high-ranking items, which are negative factors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.198-206
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• 2008

The fashion in the virtual world is emerging as a new genre. Gammer in virtual community shares the avatars and space for their activities and for flourishing their virtual lives, they start to demand indispensable daily items. The gammer's demands lead to the concept of second life in the virtual world which was introduced in 2003. The trading business system is realized at the virtual world with various daily items, developed by individual programmers, through the virtual money, which may converted into real money. Particularly, fashion industry's inherent nature of snagging on-line trading is no more, now, set to ready in the virtual world let alone various daily virtual items developed by individual programmers. The purpose of this study is, focused on the virtual second life, to introduce the model of fashion business in virtual world and overall informations regarding second life business systems so as to provide the fundamental data for opening the web.3.0 era. Further various fashion items in the virtual world, developed by individual programers, will be another boost for shaping another virtual fashion business genre.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.39-49
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore areas that have been studied extensively in previous studies related to franchising as a platform for global distribution. Furthermore, franchising is a strategic distribution method that gives entrepreneurs the opportunity to replicate an established business model. In addition, franchisees benefit from the use of established branding and receive support from the franchisor. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used the Preferred Reporting Items Systematics Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to analyse data from 2003 to 2023 in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results: A total of 79 articles were identified and analysed to see trends and related themes such as product distribution, business distribution, business strategy, emerging market, and franchising relationship. Also, publication trends by year related to franchises are also presented. Conclusions: Overall, the research trend related to franchising as a global distribution is well seen, and every year, many researchers begin to explore the topic of franchising as a method of distribution that can be explored from various aspects either quantitatively or qualitatively. Lastly, limitations and recommendations are made to provide guidance for future studies related to the topic broadly and deeply in enriching the findings.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.11_12
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• pp.617-628
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• 2005

The services for ubiquitous computing environments have to provide automatically user-specific adaptive services in dynamically changed environments with many informations provided by both a user and his/her environment. Workflows used in business and distributed computing environments support service automation by connecting many tasks with rules or orderings of tasks. Therefore we must specify context information on transition condition to support context-aware services by adapting a workflow to ubiquitous computing environments. In this paper, we present a structural context model to specify context information on transition constraints of the workflow. And we propose an uWDL Ubiquitous Workflow Description Language) based on web services, which provides web service interfaces which are standardized and independent on heterogeneous and various platforms, protocols, and languages. The uWDL tan be interpreted and executed by a workflow engine, and provide users autonomic services based on context-awareness.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.159-175
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• 2003

During the early stage of radioactive disposal programs, important issues related with quality assurance of data sets, methodologies, R&D procedures are recognized as important ones. This paper focused on the development of web-based workflow standards for the QA procedures of the radioactive waste disposal programs. The flow of process was analyzed based on workflow concepts proposed by the Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC). QA system is based on the principles of T2R3. T2R3 Workflow was used to standardize and restructure the business and/or work process in the industry or organization. The WfMC has identified five functional interfaces to a workflow service as part of its standardization program. They are composed of process definition interface, worklist handler, application program interface, interface between workflows, and system management. The task flow and QA program were defined based on the workflow ideas. QA procedures for the R&D results of radiation disoposal were analyzed following the reference model of workflow. In addition, six program run list were created and implemented. The creation, revision, and approval of the test data were designed to be inplemented on the web environment. Through this system, R&D procedures such as planning, research, documentation, internal review and future independent peer review processes could be well organized and stored more systematically on the database and knowledge base. This will encourage the usage and data sharing between interested parties through it's clear and transparent workflow standards.