• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the purchase status, wearing status, purchase satisfaction, selection criteria, and improvement marin leports wear for subjects who enjoy marine leisure sports in the southwestern region of Jeollanam-do, and examines the correlation between age and body type and the correlation between variables. SPSS Ver. 26.0 program was used for analysis. In the correlation between the motivation for participation and the selection criteria, when participating to increase physical strength, it was selected based on the fit. When participating for leisure or hobbies, they were selected based on design and color. The relationship between the selection criteria and purchase satisfaction was not satisfied in terms of price when they were selected based on activity or utilization of other uses. As for the selection criteria according to the body type, clothing was selected based on price and fashion for large triangles and squares, and elasticity for inverted triangles. As for the preferred color by age, only those in their 40s preferred blue and other age groups preferred achromatic color. In future studies, it is thought that a study on the preference of each marine leisure sports item should be conducted.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.292-301
• /
• 2021

Objectives: Wearing medical masks has been recommended since the declaration of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) as a pandemic disease. Certified medical masks are evaluated according to filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance. However, some people use non-certified common masks. This study aimed to evaluate various non-certified commercial masks based on the certification criteria for medical masks. Methods: Twenty mask products (three anti-droplet, three disposable dental, eight fashion, three cotton, and three children's masks) were selected. For performance evaluation, filtration efficiency and facial inhalation resistance tests were conducted. The evaluation method followed the certification method for KF-certified masks of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) and the N95 respirator of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Results: None of the 20 masks met the KF94 certification standard set by the MFDS. Four and three masks respectively met the KF80 certification standard and the N95 standard of NIOSH. Filtration efficiency was significantly higher in three-layer masks than in single layer masks. Pleated-type masks had higher filtration efficiency than cone-type masks. There was no correlation between the structure of masks and facial inhalation resistance. Conclusion: While no masks complied with the KF94 certification standard, a few masks met the KF80 and the N95 certification standards of NIOSH. Although some people wear non-certified commercial masks, protection from aerosols is not guaranteed by such masks. Evaluation of the protection efficiency of non-certified mask against microbiological infection is needed for the prevention of infectious disease.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.862-872
• /
• 2020

This study explores the effects of facemasks on respiratory, thermoregulatory, cardiovascular responses during exercise on a treadmill and at rest. Five male subjects (25.8 ± 0.8 y, 171.8 ± 9.2 cm in height, 79.8 ± 28.1 kg in weight) participated in the following five experimental conditions: no mask, KF80, KF94, KF99, and N95. Inhalation resistance was ranked as KF80 < KF94 < N95 < KF99 and dead space inside a mask was ranked as KF80 = KF94 < N95 < KF99. The surface area covered by a mask was on average 1.1% of the total body surface area. The results showed no significant differences in body core temperature, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), heart rate or subjective perception among the five experimental conditions; however, cheek temperature, respiratory ventilation and blood pressure were greater for KF80 or KF94 conditions when compared to KF99 or N95 conditions (p<0.05). The differences among mask conditions are attributed to the dead space or specific designs (cup type vs pleats type) rather than the filtration level. In addition, the results suggest that improving mask design can help mitigate respiratory resistance from increased filtration.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.795-809
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was first, to clarify the clothing benefits that Uzbek female college students seek through clothing products; and second, to determine whether there is a difference in clothing involvement and clothing purchasing behavior according to the type of clothing benefits. Data were collected from 290 female university students from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and analyzed using factor analysis, K-means group classification analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test, χ²-test, and frequency analysis. Respondents were classified into four types according to their clothing benefits: individuality/economy-pursuit, comfort-pursuit, fashion/brand-pursuit, and indifference. Significant differences were identified in terms of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, clothing store attributes, clothing wearing conditions (including monthly clothing expenses), number of purchases per year, clothing purchase location, clothing preference style, and clothing dissatisfaction. The fashion/brand-pursuit and personality/economy-pursuit types were influenced more by fashion and symbolism of clothing involvement, information sources, clothing evaluation criteria, and clothing store attributes. The individuality/economy-pursuit type purchased more frequently, spent more monthly clothing expenses, and used the internet. Clothing store attributes were considered more important by female students than the other attributes. In these results, clothing benefits were identified as consumer characteristics of female Uzbek college students and market segmentation was determined. In addition, it is meaningful in providing basic data for efficient marketing activities and minimizing trials and errors in establishing local-friendly strategies for target customers in different cultures.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2022

This study attempted to analyze the consonant perception ability and errors and to verify compatibility items for hearing impaired children wearing hearing aids and cochlear implants using the Phoneme Perception Test for School-Aged children (PPT-S). As a result of the study, it was found that children with hearing impairments have more difficulty in perceiving final consonants than initial consonants. The hard type of PPT-S, in which the articulation method and articulation place of the target and foil words are similar, felt more difficult than the easy type. Among the initial consonants, the incorrect response rate for aspiration sound was higher. In the case of final consonants, the incorrect answer rate for 'ㄷ' and 'ㅁ' was relatively higher. There was no significant difference in the percentage of correct response rate according to the gender of the speaker. The above results can be usefully used as basic data for standardizing of PPT-S and evaluating the intervention effects before and after hearing rehabilitation with hearing impaired children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.34
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 1997

Focusing on khotan located in the southern Silk Route which was one of the most important kingdoms in the Tarim Basin this study attempts to examine the changes of costume in Khotan by compar-ing the costumes in the painted panel showing the story of silk princess with the excavated costumes from ancient tombs. Furthermore this study attempts to inves-tigate the impacts of cultural exchange be-tween China and its western neighboring country Eastern and Western Turkestan on costume. Excavated costumes from the Shanpula ancient tomb in the region of Khotan and from ancient Niya in the esat-ern border of Khotan and discoveries from Rawak and Dandan-oilik near by Yotkan the ancient capital of Khotan are exam-ined. Basic Khotan's costume was the two piece style of tops and trousers. Over the basic costume wearing a top wear with half sleeves was popular. Skirt was worn by women. Even though there were many kinds tops were classified into the two types kaftan and tunic. Thouth Khotan maintained a association with China for a long time the style of Khotan costume had imbued to China. Top wear with half sleeves was worn frequently in Khotan. Also in China top wear with half sleeves was worn as over-wear which was called ban-xiu ban-bi bei-zi Costume style of China is covering the body profoundly and wrapping front edge toward the right. The types of chi-nese top wear with half sleeves for exam-ple round-neck·confronting front edge crossing-neck·confronting front edge tu-nic type discord with the traditional chi-nese costume style There were many cas-es that half sleeved top wear was worn as over wear in T'ang dynasty. The phenom-enon was due to the prevalence of 'ho' (foreign) and half sleeved top wear was introduced by the countries to the west of China Khotan. A round neck garment was a general type for the men of cuntries to the westof China. Also Chinese wore round neck garment since South and North Dynasty The type of Chinese round neck garment was not tunic but kaftan. From costume relics and ancient paintings the type of Khotan's round neck garment was tunic which was recorded on the Chinese histori-cal documents as " guan-tou-shan" that is tunic the type of persian costume, Even thgough the painted panel showing the sto-ry of silk princess was made in the it me when Turks was a dominion on Central Asia Khotan's costume style was not changed toward Turk's costume style and remained tunic style.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.121-131
• /
• 1997

This study was to design the clean room garment which fits for a body and adjusts well to the action. We examined the body's changes in action through a body measurment and made a sample of the clean room garment to which had adapted the body's changes in action and evaluated the function and the appearance compared with the existing the clean room garment. The followings were summery of the results : 1. Back intersyce breadth decreased, trunk length increased and the other parts were not change. At a posture of raising hands($M_3$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). Back intersyce breadth, hip length and knee length increased and the other parts were a little change. At a bowing posture($M_2$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). Back hip girth, knee length, hip length and leg length increased and the other parts were not change. At a working posture on a chair($M_1$) in comparison with an upright posture($M_0$). 2. The overall clean room garment was made increasing on the changes of part of a body through measuring and body measurement. 3. From the test of the function, it became known that the devised clean room garment was superior to the existing one in the parts of neck, shoulder, armpit and elbow at a working posture on a chair($M_1$), in the parts of neck, shoulder, and armpit at a bowing posture($M_2$), and the armpit at a posture of raising hands($M_3$). The appearance was better on the whole. 4. From the examination of photographs, the waist line of the devised clean room garment was not so much pulled up as that of the existing one on moving. And when sitting down on a chair, the waist line of the existing one was pulled down while that of the devised one had no change. As above, we investigated the actual conditions of wearing the clean room garment and measured the body's changes according the various actions. So we applied these results to the devised clean room garment but we couldn't research the clean mom effect of it owing to not obtaining the measuring instrument. The aspect of ergonomics liked the feeling of wearing and fitted to the action must be given consideration to the clean room garment, and simultaneously the dust-resistant effect must be taken into consideration in order to improve the quality of the goods. Therefore, we think it should be continued the research on the dust-resistant effect, material, washing method, quality control, and size along with the aspect of ergonomics.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.191-200
• /
• 2004

The health of feet is connected with individual's health and affects a man's activity. Shoes need to be designed to protect feet and to absorb the impact of land. Thus, design, comfort and economical efficiency are important factors of shoes. Consumers can choose suitable shoes for their feet in off-line shopping. However, in on-line shopping, because they can not wear shoes, compare to the off-line shopping, there are many problems in internet shopping. First, consumers can get limited information of shoes because they must search information of purchase without other's help. Second, because consumers can not get important information such as design, size and a comfort of wearing, they can not make a careful decision. Above these, the solution of user-oriented internet shopping is development of new type of prototype which is accessible to user and to offer visual information through 3D virtual reality.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was to investigate changes in the thickness of cornea, curvature of cornea, and aberration depending on the water contents, materials, and refractive power of contact lens. Methods: The differences in the corneal thickness between pre- and post-wearing the lenses were compared using 5 kinds of lenses. The changes in the corneal thickness, the curvatures of the anterior and posterior cornea, and high order aberration (HOA) before and after wearing the lenses were investigated at the center of the cornea, and the different distance and the direction away from the center of the cornea. For the equipments of measurement, ORB ScanII (Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 3.14) was used to measure the corneal topography and thickness, and Zywave (Bausch & Lomb Inc, ver 5.20) was used to analyze the high order aberration. Results: Five (S1, S2, S3, T1, T2) of the lens was used for this study, excluding the lens T2 lens has four lenses and the thickness of the corneal shape, but the impact is minimal. In the case of the hydrogel soft contact lenses (T2 lens) with low oxygen permeability, the corneal thickness showed distinct increasing patterns. The high order aberration and coma aberration were most changed in the silicon hydrogel toric lens, while the depth of anterior was most changed in the hydrogel toric lens. Conclusion: Among the 5 kinds of contact lenses with different water contents, materials, and refractive power used for this study, the corneal shape change was small for the lenses with an oxygen permeability (Dk) of more than 28, and the largest for the lenses with a very low oxygen permeability.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.116-122
• /
• 2022

Background: The recent COVID-19 pandemic is one of the worst disease outbreaks of the 21th century. Due to a lack of reliable antiviral therapeutics, wearing face masks is recommended to prevent airborne infection originating from virus-contaminated bioaerosols. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the filtration efficiencies of face masks that are commercially available in South Korea for a biological aerosol of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and murine coronavirus, a well-known surrogate for human coronaviruses. Methods: We collected six different kinds of commercial masks: two Korea Filter (KF)94 (KF94-1, KF94-2) masks, one surgical (Surgical-1) mask, one anti-droplet (KF-AD-1) mask, and two dust (Dust-1, Dust-2) face masks. S. aureus (ATCC 6538), a well-performing test bacteria and murine coronavirus (ATCC VR-764) were prepared under a suitable culture condition. Then, a mask biological filtration tester was used to examine the microbial filtration efficiencies of masks. Test microorganisms were quantitatively measured via cultivation methods and microbial filtration efficiencies were calculated appropriately. Results: All face masks showed over 99.6% filtration efficiency for S. aureus or murine coronavirus. There were no significant differences among the bacterial filtration efficiencies of the face masks. KF94-1 (99.97±0.08%) and Dust-1 mask (99.97±0.07%) showed the highest (over 99.9%) filtration efficiency for murine coronavirus. KF94-1 or Dust-1 masks showed a significant virus filtration efficiency compared to Surgical-1 mask (p<0.05; Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: All the commercially available face masks used in this study can filter S. aureus or murine coronavirus in bioaerosols efficiently, regardless of the mask type. Therefore, our results suggest that wearing a certified face mask is a reliable means to prevent the transmission of infectious airborne diseases via biological aerosols.