• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.288-296
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• 2021

Automated face recognition in a runtime environment is gaining more and more important in the fields of surveillance and urban security. This is a difficult task keeping in mind the constantly volatile image landscape with varying features and attributes. For a system to be beneficial in industrial settings, it is pertinent that its efficiency isn't compromised when running on roads, intersections, and busy streets. However, recognition in such uncontrolled circumstances is a major problem in real-life applications. In this paper, the main problem of face recognition in which full face is not visible (Occlusion). This is a common occurrence as any person can change his features by wearing a scarf, sunglass or by merely growing a mustache or beard. Such types of discrepancies in facial appearance are frequently stumbled upon in an uncontrolled circumstance and possibly will be a reason to the security systems which are based upon face recognition. These types of variations are very common in a real-life environment. It has been analyzed that it has been studied less in literature but now researchers have a major focus on this type of variation. Existing state-of-the-art techniques suffer from several limitations. Most significant amongst them are low level of usability and poor response time in case of any calamity. In this paper, an improved face recognition system is developed to solve the problem of occlusion known as FRS-OCC. To build the FRS-OCC system, the color and texture features are used and then an incremental learning algorithm (Learn++) to select more informative features. Afterward, the trained stack-based autoencoder (SAE) deep learning algorithm is used to recognize a human face. Overall, the FRS-OCC system is used to introduce such algorithms which enhance the response time to guarantee a benchmark quality of service in any situation. To test and evaluate the performance of the proposed FRS-OCC system, the AR face dataset is utilized. On average, the FRS-OCC system is outperformed and achieved SE of 98.82%, SP of 98.49%, AC of 98.76% and AUC of 0.9995 compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The obtained results indicate that the FRS-OCC system can be used in any surveillance application.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.459-467
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• 2019

Compression wear provides clothing pressure and affects how blood flows. Facilitating a blood flow is one of the most important functions of compression wear. The wearer's sensibility should be considered when designing compression wear. This study instructed participants to put on 5 types of sport compression wear with different pressure levels (CP-1 to CP-5), measured clothing pressure, blood flow level, blood flow rate, and surface temperature, and examined the pressure level that influenced blood flow through a subjective sensibility assessment. An experiment measured the clothing pressure of compression wear available in the market and found that the pressure ranged 0.6-1.1 kPa for the ankle, 0.7-2.3 kPa for the calf, and 0.9-1.9 kPa for the thigh. Meanwhile, blood flow levels and rates significantly increased when participants wore CP-1, which had the highest clothing pressure level, and CP-2 and CP-4 with middle-level pressure. After exercise, CP-2's surface temperature was the highest and revealed that wearing CP-2 facilitated blood flow. CP-2 was evaluated as most positive in the sensibility assessment and showed a clothing pressure of 0.67-1.82 kPa; its pressure for the calf did not surpass 2.0 kPa. Considering positive physical effect of compression wear on blood flow and subjective psychological effect on participants, CP-2 (0.67-1.82 kPa) would have the most suitable clothing pressure level among other types of the wear in this study.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2019

This study develops a user centered outdoor jacket capable of energy harvesting based on consumer needs. Jackets are designed for typical outdoor activities such as hiking, trekking, and climbing, integrated with an energy harvesting module that can generate electric power from arm swing in outdoor and daily life walking. Textile based energy generators developed by the previous research of Lee & Roh (2018) were used. A prototype was created based on the arm swing motion experiment for location options and energy harvesting system functions, the simulation by the design sketch, and evaluation of the wearing test by experts. In-depth interviews were later conducted for the prototype with 10 outdoor experts to derive the optimal location of an energy harvesting system in three ways, and the prototype was revised to 5 styles that reflected reviews by experts on function and appearance. Research indicated that the energy harvesting jacket design signifies a user-centered design based on expert interviews and usability evaluation as well as previous research on energy generation and storage device. The jacket is convenient because it combines an energy generator in an optimal position to maximize energy generation with a storage and charging device that can be inserted into various position options for accessibility.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

In this study, the application of a medical compression sleeve of Moisture Responded Transformable(MRT) fibers to the treatment of lymphedema after surgery in breast cancer patients was investigated. MRT fibers were manufactured with PET and Nylon6 bi-component cross-section yarns, and compression sleeves of sleeves 1, 2, 3, and 4 were knitted in order of size, and then the physical properties and clinical tests were evaluated. As a result, the pressure of compression sleeve in wrinkle was the lowest in sleeve 1 with 3.81 kPa, and the highest in sleeve 4 with 5.22 kPa. Elastic recovery rate is that all parts except the top of the sleeve 1 exhibited 100%. The air permeability was good at 12.1 ~ 16.1 cm³/cm²/sec, and peeling was also comparatively excellent as grade 3. In addition, the weight of the compression sleeves 1, 2, and 3 decreased as 18.3 ~ 23.0 g/m² depend on size, while the compared sample was heavier with 17.39 ~ 32.61 g/m². In lymphoscintigraphy test, it was confirmed that the function of remaining lymph node was good in all patients. Although there were no differences between samples in skin irritation and tightness in wearing comfort, the manufactured sleeves showed better fit, lightness, fashion and breathability than the comparable sleeves.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neck traction and foot type on plantar pressure distribution during walking. Method: Total of 24 data were collected from women working with a computer for more than 6 hours every day. Three groups by foot type were divided: Pes Planus, normal foot, and Pes Cavus. Depending on the foot type and cervical traction, plantar pressure variables were measured; CA, MF, PP, and CT. Each variable was divided into 12 masks. MANOVA was performed for the difference of plantar pressure variables by foot type, and a paired t-test was performed for the cervical traction within groups. Results: The total CA decreased in the Pes Planus (p<.001) and Pes Cavus (p<.05) groups. MF increased in the big toe (p<.01) and 2nd toe (p<.05) of the normal foot, and MF-3rd metatarsal decreased (p<.01). The MF-2nd toe (p<.01) and 3rd toe (p<.05) of Pes Cavus decreased. The PP decreased in 2nd toe (p<.05), 3rd toe (p<.01), and 4th toe (p<.05) of the Pes Cavus. In normal foot, the PP-3rd metatarsal (p<.05) and PP-4th metatarsal (p<.01) reduced. In Pes Planus, PP decreased in the hindfoot (p<.05). In Pes Cavus group wearing a neck-tractor, the CT-hindfoot increased (p<.05). Conclusion: There was a significant change in the plantar pressure change by foot type after neck traction. When walking with a neck-tractor, the heel impact was alleviated in the Pes Planus, and the Pes Cavus showed the smooth and effective propulsion in the push-off. Overall, weight acceptance was effectively performed when walking with neck-traction. It was also found that the neck-tractor corrects the alignment of the neck, thereby creating a more stable gait pattern.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.112-122
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of using socks combined with EMS on ankle pain reduction and ankle function improvement in home training participants. In this study, the conductive fabric was combined using socks that can properly compress the ankle. First, VAS was measured during EMS training after fatigue was induced and compared with fatigue during rest. It was confirmed that the level of VAS after EMS training was lower than after rest and fatigue. It was also confirmed that EMS training, which combines EMS with socks, was effective in reducing pain. The experimental action is a measurement action of WBLT and lying posture, and the situation before and after EMS training was compared by performing 30 minutes on the treadmill to cause delayed muscle pain during exercise. As a result of this study, it was found that pain reduction and ROM function were improved when electrical stimulation was performed using EMS socks. It was also confirmed that the application of electrical stimulation to EMS socks effected on ankle fatigue and function improvement. From the study results, it is expected that wearing socks equipped with EMS significantly reduces ankle injuries and improves functional recovery for home training participants.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2022

Wearing a mask is essential during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. For this study, an online survey was conducted on the actual use of masks among adults in their twenties and older. We used 389 questionnaires for the final analysis, excluding insincere or incomplete questionnaires. We then analyzed the responses using descriptive statistical analysis, frequency analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. More than half of the respondents indicated that they wore a mask for five to ten hours a day, with KF masks being the most frequently used. Participants who most frequently used cloth masks were more likely to consider color, design, and eco-friendliness, while those who used KF masks were more concerned with price and safety. There was no significant difference in purchase satisfaction between mask types, but the purchase intention was higher for KF masks. When purchasing a KF mask, there were significant differences across genders in terms of price and eco-friendliness preferences. There were also significant differences across age groups in price, eco-friendliness, skin irritation, and comfort preferences. Previous studies have shown a significant difference in gender and age in terms of preferred mask colors and designs. However, this survey found no significant difference across these categories. These findings indicate those mask manufacturers should consider safety and eco-friendliness over mask color and design.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.493-503
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• 2023

Since ISO 20471 regulations(2013) were enacted, high-visibility clothing made of fluorescent fabric and retroreflective materials has been standardized to distinguish the wearers from the surrounding background in a dark place and to protect them. Accordingly, we made high-visibility safety clothing based on the international standards, and examined the positions of the retro-reflective materials on the attached sites to evaluate the suitability of the positions, by 3 types of safety clothing and the body regions when the wearers work or move. Two retro-reflective films of 5cm-horizontal lines were attached to the front/back of the upper-wear, and the lower-wear. Vertical lines were attached from the shoulder to the horizontal waistline. To analyze the motion in 3-dimension, we took pictured infrared-reflective markers on the retro-reflective film covered with yellow-tape on the front-side when 6 subjects wearing experimental garments performed 6 types of motions. According to the metronome tempo, the motions were performed for 30 seconds and repeated 6 motions ①~⑥ by 3 experimental clothing. Among the 6 motions, significant differences in the appearance rate of the markers by body region during the motions were found in 5 types except for motion ③. Significant differences by the post-hoc test were shown in motions ④ and ⑥ as well. Therefore, for high-visibility safety clothing, it is necessary to anticipate the worker's motion and consider the attaching position of the retro-reflective material. It is considered desirable to attach the retro-reflective materials to several places where the clothing is hard to wrinkle.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the shape and attached position of E-textile-based stretchable sensors on motion-sensing performance and to investigate the requirements for the optimal structure of clothes for sensing limb motions. An experimental garment was prepared with different sensor shapes, and attachment positions. A child subject, wearing the experimental garment, performed arm and leg bending and extension motions at $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ motion angles, at a rate of 60 deg/sec. The changes in voltage triggered by the stretching and contracting of the fabric-sensor were measured, and an acceleration sensor was utilized to verify that the experimental motions were correctly performed. Dummy arms and legs of a child were manufactured to perform an identical test, in order to compare the dummy results with the actual human body experiment results. The analysis showed that the reproducibility and reliability of the rectangular sensor, showing uniform and stable were higher than those of the boat-shaped sensor, in both the dummy and the human body experiments. The attachment position of the sensor was more reproducible and reliable when placed on 4 cm below the elbow and knee joints in the dummy test, when placed in the joints of the elbow and knee, in children experiment. The appropriate shapes and attached positions of the sensor for sensing the motions were analyzed, and the results proved that motion-sensing of the human body is possible by utilizing flexible fabric-sensors integrated into clothes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to understand clothing condition of elderly men focusing on somatotype variation and satisfaction with ready-to-wear and to provide basic data in designing ready-to-wrar for the elderly men. The questionnaire method was used and one-to-one interviews were held for the elderly residents in Seoul, Deajon, Jonju, and Yeosu areas. The total of 275 questionnaires (from 148 elderly men in the 60's, 99 in the 70's and 28 in the 80's) were collected and used for statistics. SAS package was used for the statistics and the statistics were based on frequency, X2-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multifle range test. The results of the study were as follows; 1) Height (p< .05), weight (p< .001) and Rohrer index (p< .05) decreased significantly with ageing 2) The somatotypes of 75.6% were changed and the 70's 8t the 80's showed significantly (p< .05) higher changing rate compared to the 60's and more changes took place significantly (p< .001) with ageing. 3) The most preferred out wear was suit & tie and next was jumper or shirt. 4) For the mode of getting suit, the highest number 55.3%) purchased ready-to-wear, next (32.0%) was tailored and the least (12.7%) neither purchased nor tailored. The percentage of buying ready-to-wear significantly (p< .01) decreased with ageing. The main reason for getting tailor-made was not well fitting of ready-to-wear (20.7% out of 32.0%). And for the mode of getting suit, there was significant differance with income (p< .001) and pocket money (p< .01). 5) The most important factors in suit and shirt werefirst, size (fitness) and second, comfort in movement. 6) For the wearing feeling of suit, 55.3% showed discomfort. There was significant difference according to the age (p< .05) and pocket money (p< .05). The Discomfort increased with ageing and less pocket money. 7) 62.4% answered it uneasy to Pick out well fitting If comfortable suit. This showed their dissatisfaction with ready-to-wear. 8) As for the items of not well fitting, 64.4% answered in jacket, 60.8% in trousers, 46.0% in shirt. The above result shows that elderly men's somatotype changes as they age, suit is found uncomfortable and it's not easy for elders to pick out comfortable ready-to-wear. So, they seem to have a certain dissatisfaction in ready to wear. Therefore, there is a need for reorganization of size and developing pattern design according to measurement of elderly men.