• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2022

Purpose: Bus drivers are at high risk of chronic diseases due to risk factors associated with poor diet, physical inactivity, high levels of sedentary behaviors, and unfavorable working environments. This study developed a mHealth program for bus drivers, and examined the effectiveness of a mHealth program for promoting physical activity among bus drivers using wearable devices and health coaching. Methods: Forty-seven workers from two bus companies were allocated to the experimental group and the control group. Participants were asked to wear a wearable device (Fitbit Charge HR) during waking hours for a day. Participants in the experimental group were provided with a Fitbit, weekly face-to-face health coaching, a mHealth workbook, and text and photo messaging for 12 weeks. The control group only received a Fitbit. Results: By week 12, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in exercise self-efficacy (p<.015) and daily walking steps (p<.001). Conclusion: The findings have demonstrated that the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching is effective for bus drivers for promoting physical activity. Based on our findings, it is recommended to encourage the mHealth program using wearable devices and health coaching for bus drivers' wellness.

• Vacuum Magazine
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.15-18
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• 2016

In future wearable electronic systems, 3-dimensional (3D) devices have attracted much attention due to their high density integration and low-power functionality. Among 3D devices, gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire transistor provides superior gate controllability, resulting in suppressing short channel effect and other drawbacks in 2D metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are the most promising building block for GAA structure device due to their compatibility with the current Si-based ultra large scale integration (ULSI) technology. Moreover, the theoretical limit for subthreshold swing (SS) of MOSFET is 60 mV/dec at room temperature, which causes the increase in Ioff current. To overcome theoretical limit for the SS, it is crucial that research into new types of device concepts should be performed. In our present studies, we have experimentally demonstrated feedback FET (FBFET) and tunnel FET (TFET) with sub-60 mV/dec based on SiNWs. Also, we fabricated SiNW based complementary TFET (c-TFET) and SiNW complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter. Our research demonstrates the promising potential of SiNW electronic devices for future wearable electronic systems.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 2015

In this paper, a bent microstrip patch antenna, which is suitable for band-type wearable devices and RF configuration, to be used in the WCDMA2100 mobile network is proposed. The proposed antenna using RF configuration which is consisted of separated Tx and Rx frequency band is designed to operate or function in WCDMA2100 Tx frequency band only and it is not strongly affected by the human body because of the conductor at the bottom side. At both flat case and bent case, the proposed antenna's maximum gain satisfies at least 5.3 dBi, and its -6 dB return loss bandwidth is wider than 20 MHz. The simulated surface absorption rate($SAR_{1g}$) result is under 0.7 [W/kg]. The proposed antenna suits in band-type wearable devices which is worn on wrists or arms.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.34-42
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• 2014

Flexible devices have been developed from their rigid, heavy origins to become bendable, stretchable and portable. Such a paper displays, e-skin, textile electronics are emerging research areas and became a mainstream of overall industry. Thin film transistors, diodes and sensors built on plastic sheets, textile and other unconventional substrates have a potential applications in wearable displays, biomedical devices and electronic system. In this review, we describe current trends in technologies for flexible/wearable electronics.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.3064-3082
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• 2023

During the last decade, several Electronic Orientation Aids devices have been proposed to solve the autonomy problems of visually impaired people. When hearing is considered the primary sense for Visually Impaired people (VI) and it is generally loaded with the environment, the use of tactile sense can be considered a solution to transmit directional information. This paper presents a new wearable haptic system based on four motors implemented in shoes, while six directions can be played. This study aims to introduce an interface design and investigate an appropriate means of spatial information delivery through haptic sense. The first experiment of the proposed system was performed with 15 users in an indoor environment. The results showed that the users were able to recognize, with high accuracy, the directions displayed on their feet. The second experiment was conducted in an outdoor environment with five blindfolded users who were guided along 120 meters. The users, guided only by the haptic system, successfully reached their destinations. The potential of tactile-foot stimulation to help VI understand Electronic Orientation Aids (EOA) instructions was discussed, and future challenges were defined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.389.2-389.2
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• 2014

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based electronic devices are widely used for various applications in large area electronics, biomedical wearable interfaces and implantable circuitry where flexibility and/or stretchability are required. A few fabrication methods of electronic devices directly on PDMS substrate have been reported. However, it is well known that micro-cracks appear in the metal layer and in the lithography pattern on a PDMS substrate. To solve the above problems, a few studies for fabrication of stiff platform on PDMS substrate have been reported. Thin-film islands of a stiff region are fabricated on an elastomeric substrate, and electronic devices are fabricated on these stiff islands. When the substrate is stretched, the deformation is mainly accommodated by the substrate, and the stiff islands and electronic devices experience relatively small strains. Here, we report a new method to achieve stiff islands structures on an elastomeric substrate at a various thickness, as the platform for stretchable electronic devices. The stiff islands were defined by conventional photolithography on a stress-free elastomeric substrate. This technique can provide a practical strategy for realizing large-area stretchable electronic circuits, for various applications such as stretchable display or wearable electronic systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.597-597
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• 2012

A simple solution-based method is developed to deposit crystalline ultrathin (2 nm) nickel hydroxide on vertically grown ZnO nanowires to achieve high specific capacitance and long-term life for flexible and wearable energy storage devices. Ultrathin crystalline $Ni(OH)_2$ enables fast and reversible redox reaction to improve the specific capacitance by utilizing maximum number of active sites for the redox reaction while vertically grown ZnO nanowires on wearable textile fiber effectively transport electrolytes and shorten the ion diffusion path. Under the highly flexible state $Ni(OH)_2$ coated ZnO nanowires electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 2150 F/g (based on pristine $Ni(OH)_2$ in 1 M LiOH aqueous solution with negligible decrease in specific capacitance after 1000 cycles. The synthesized energy-storage electrodes are easy-to-assemble which can provide unprecedented design ingenuity for a variety of wearable and flexible electronic devices.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-100
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• 2017

Since smart devices are able to efficiently provide information without barriers of time and location, they are widely utilized with advent of the hyper-connected society. Especially, the smart devices have been developed in the form of wearable devices for mutual interaction between human and objects. Smart clothing, which embeds smart devices within clothes, measures and obtains a variety of bio-signals as it is in close contact with the human bodies. Conventional smart clothing generated wearers' discomfort because they were developed by simple attachment of electronic devices to clothes. Therefore, it is highly recommended to develop novel smart clothing based on smart textiles which integrate electronic devices as parts of textiles. As smart watches are currently the most available wearable devices in the market, smart watch users were selected in this study, for the purpose of investigating core needs of wearable smart device users based on the user experience and user's sensibility. Qualitative research was performed through semi-structured interview in order to obtain detailed answers about user sensibility based on smart watch user experience. After the in-depth interview, the user's sensibility was categorized into four aspects; functional, aesthetic, social, and empirical. Sensibility adjectives and key words were assigned to each aspect and their frequency was analyzed. It was the functional aspect of sensibility that the wearable device users require the most. The results of this study will be utilized as a fundamental data to develop the smart textiles required for the next generation of smart clothing which is attracting as a future wearable device.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.251-255
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• 2021

Background: Physical activity and quality of life (QOL) influence the health status of older adults. Recently, the use of wearable devices to monitor physical activity has increased. Objects: This study examined the relationship between the amount of physical activity, measured using a wearable device, and QOL among older adults. Methods: In total, 71 older adults (aged ≥ 65 years) were enrolled. The amount of physical activity was measured using a wearable device with a wrist strap, and daily physical activity was classified according to intensity (sedentary, light, moderate, or very active). Self-reported QOL was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were conducted to analyze parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. The relationship between amount of daily physical activity and SF-36 scores was assessed. Results: The correlation analyses revealed positive correlations between the amount of moderate-intensity and very active physical activity (minutes/day) and SF-36 scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Physical activity of at least moderate intensity is associated with better QOL in older adults. Further studies are required to verify the effects of increased physical activity on QOL in older adults.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.464-472
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• 2008

Wearable computer focuses on functional aspects of fashion to respond to and satisfy needs for daily availability of ubiquitous environment owing to ever-developing digital technologies. The purpose of this study is to examine in possible developmental direction of wearable computer and thereby explore more promising directions of wearable computer to enhance its adaptability to future advanced ubiquitous environment and also satisfy both esthetical and functional needs. Now the wearable computer can be classified broadly into 3 types in the aspect of functionality, i.e. computer containing 'integratability', 'convertibility' and 'interactability'. Beyond simple portability concepts based on digital devices attached on body, it will be necessary that follow-up studies on wearable computer satisfy needs for enhanced digital functionality to comply with ubiquitous environment as well as emotional needs inherent in clothing. It is expected that possibility of future wearable computer will be extended via collaborative relationships between design and functionality, and should be implemented through possible points of contact among computer, telecommunication, design and fashion. Based on the findings of this study, it is expected that follow-up researches and developments for wearable computer to meet both functionality and esthetical values in the aspect of 'fashion design combined with electronic products' will help assure the variety of fashion designs for wearable computer contributing to better life quality of human in future ubiquitous environment.